Structure and uses of organic compoundsptx

B.Pharm 1st year 2nd semester
Pharmaceutical organic chemistry 1

1. Structure and uses of organic compounds Presented by, S.Dharmasastha

2. ALKYL HALIDE

3. Ethyl chloride Uses Used as a solvent. Used as a refrigerant. Used production of ethyl cellulose. Used as a dyes. Used as a medicinal drugs , and other commercial chemicals.

4. C hloroform Uses Used as an anaesthetic . Used in dentistry during root canal procedure. Chloroform is used primarily as a solvent in industry. Used in the production of antibiotics. Used as a cleaning agent , and Used as  an ingredient in pharmaceutical and veterinary formulations.

5. Trichloroethylene Uses Trichloroethylene is used in many industries It is mostly used as a solvent to remove grease from metal parts It is also used as an ingredient in adhesives paint removers, typewriter correction fluids, and spot removers.

6. T etrachlroethylene Uses Used primarily as a cleaning solvent  . Used chiefly in the treatment of hookworm. Used in transformers, paint removers, inks, adhesive formulations. Manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons .

7. Dichloromethane Uses Dichloromethane is used as a solvent in food technology . It is used in aerosol formulations . Used as a solvent in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. Used as a degreasing agent . Used in the manufacturing of electronics.

8. Tetrachloromethane Uses Used  to clean machinery and electrical equipment. It can also be used in the production of chemical products . It is used in refrigerants . It is used in pharmaceuticals industry . It is used in fire extinguisher . It is used as cleaning fluid . It is used as degreasing agent .

9. Iodoform Uses Used as an antiseptic component of medications Used as a healing or skin diseases . Sterilization of surgical instruments was done by using an iodoform . Iodoform also helps in removing ear hair for dogs and cats .

10. ALCOHOLS

11. Ethyl alcohol Uses Ethanol is used as a solvent to dissolve the active ingredient in some medicines Used as an extraction solvent in herbal medicinal products. Ethanol has also been used as an antimicrobial preservative , possessing bactericidal and fungicidal activity. Used as an antiseptic, disinfectant .

12. Methyl alcohol Uses It is used as a solvent in the manufacture of cholesterol, streptomycin, vitamins, hormones, and other pharmaceuticals . Manufacturing of plastics. Used to create fuel. Used in the production of acetic acid and formaldehyde . Used in the production of methyl esters and methylamines .

13. Chlorobutanol Uses Widely used preservative in various pharmaceutical solutions, especially injectables . It is used as an active ingredient in certain oral sedatives, topical anesthetics, and weak local anesthetic .  It has antibacterial and antifungal properties .

14. Cetosteryl alcohol Uses Emulsion stabilizer surfactant - foam booster. Increasing viscosity agent It is often used as a preservative for creams and lotions . Used to help soften the skin and hair and to thicken

15. Benzyl alcohol Uses Benzyl alcohol is mainly used as an excipient in medicinal products that are administered intramuscularly such as  antibiotics, anti-inflammatory or antipsychotic medicines  where its anaesthetic properties reduce pain at the injection site. Benzyl Alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used in a wide variety of cosmetic formulat ions as a fragrance component, preservative, solvent, and viscosity-decreasing agent.

16. Glycerol Uses Glycerol is a common ingredient in pharmaceutical and is used to improve smoothness and taste of medicines . Glycerol is added to cough syrups to help prevent irritation in throats which leads to coughing. It is also used to make tablets easier to swallow. Used in the pharmaceutical industry to prevent the drying of creams and ointments. Glycerol is used as a solvent for flavors and food colors. It is also used as a plasticizer, sweetener.

17. Propylene glycol Uses Commonly used drug solubilizer in topical, oral, and injectable medications . This increases the number of bowel movements and softens the stool so it is easier to pass. Polyethylene glycol 3350 is in a class of medications called osmotic laxatives

18. CARBOXYLIC ACID

19. Acetic acid Uses Used to treat the symptoms of bacterial or fungal infections in the ear. Acetic Acid may be used alone or with other medications. Acetic Acid belongs to a class of drugs called Otics , Other Anti- infectives . Used to manufacture  acetic anhydride  and other organic chemicals Used in the plastic , pharmaceutical, dye, insecticide , textile, rubber, and photographic industries

20. Lactic acid Uses Used agent in various cosmetic products . Used as an additive in various pharmaceutical products for its antibacterial properties . It is used to restore good bacteria and reduce stomach upset and diarrhoea . Used as a flavouring agent and Used as a preservative in processed cheese, salad dressings, pickles.

21. Tartaric acid Uses  In the Pharmaceutical industry, tartaric acid is  used in various formulations for antibiotics , effervescent powders and tablets, drugs for heart diseases , therapeutic . Tartaric acid is used making silver mirrors, in the manufacturing of soft drinks. Tartaric acid is used in cream of tartar (for cooking) and as an emetic (a substance used to induce vomiting).

22. Citric acid Uses Used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. Used as a preservative . It is also used to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood. Helps prevent some kidney stones .  Disinfectants.

23. Succinic acid Uses Used in many food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. Uses as a precursor to generate many chemicals such as solvents, perfumes, plasticizer, dyes, and photographic chemicals . Succinic acid is also used as an antibiotic and curative agent.

24. Oxalic acid Uses Used as a cleaning or bleaching , especially for the removal of rust. Oxalic acid is widely used as an acid rinse in laundries and bleaches. Oxalic acid is also ideal for polishing practically any stone and treating old wood .

25. Salicylic acid Uses S alicylic acid topical is used to treat many skin disorders , such as acne, dandruff, psoriasis,dermatitis of the skin and scalp. Salicylic acid is used in some  shampoos to treat dandruff.

26. Benzoic acid Uses  It is used as  antimicrobial preservative, antifungal, and tablet and capsule lubricant. Benzoic acid has been used in combination with salicylic acid, as in ointment, for use as an antifungal for athlete's foot and ringworm . Benzoic acid  inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria.

27. Benzyl benzoate Uses Benzyl benzoate is used to treat lice and scabies infestations. Benzyl benzoate function mostly as fragrance ingredients/ preservatives  in cosmetic products.

28. Dimethyl phthalate Uses Dimethyl phthalate has many uses, including in  solid rocket propellants, plastics, and insect repellants . Acute (short-term) exposure to dimethyl phthalate, via inhalation in humans and animals, results in irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat .

29. Methyl salicylate Uses Methyl salicylate is an external analgesic available in over-the-counter (OTC) medicines that temporarily relieve minor body aches and muscle and joint pain associated with backache, arthritis.  It is used as a flavoring agent in chewing gums and mints in small concentrations and added as antiseptic in mouthwash solutions .

30. Acetyl salicyclic acid Uses Also known as Aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a commonly used drug for the  treatment of pain and fever  due to various causes. Acetylsalicylic acid has both anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects . Aspirin is used to prevent blood clot .

31. ALIPHATIC AMINE

32. Ethanolamine Uses Used to help prevent bleeding of esophageal varices  (abnormally enlarged veins in the esophagus). Uses as a “scrubber” to remove carbon dioxide , hydrogen sulfide, and other acidic pollutants from waste gas streams.

33. Ethylenediamine Uses  It is also used as an excipient in many pharmacological preparations such as creams. Ethylenediamine is an ingredient in the common  bronchodilator drug aminophylline .   Ethylenediamine has also been used in dermatologic preparations , but has been removed from some because of causing contact dermatitis .

34. Amphetamine Uses Used to treat health problems such as obesity. Amphetamine is used to treat  attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), central nervous system (CNS)  stimulant. Amphetamine is also used as an  athletic performance enhance .