STRUCTURE OF NEPHRON by Brijesh Singh.pptx

Structure and functions of human nervous system is dicussed.

1. STRUCTUR E OF NEPHRON Brijesh Singh M.Sc. Previous (Zoology )

2. Nephron Functional and structural unit of the kidney . Approximately one million nephrons in each kidney . Each nephron has two components . Vascular component Tubular component

3. Tubular components of Nephron ▪️ Bowman's capsule
▪️ Proximal convoluted tubule
▪️ Loop of Henle
▪️ Descending limb (thin)
▪️ Ascending limb (thin and thick part)
▪️ Distal convoluted tubule
▪️ Collecting duct or tubule

4. Bowman's capsule – E xpended double walled invagination forms cup around the glomerulus to collect fluid from the glomerular capillaries. From bowman's capsule, filtered fluid passes into PCT. PCT lies entirely in the cortex. From PCT, fluid passes into loop of Henl e .

5. Loop of Henle – form U-shaped loop, LH dips into renal medulla. ▪️ LH – descending limb of LH goes from cortex to medulla, and ascending limb of LH passes from medulla to cortex. ▪️ Ascending limb of LH, opens into distal convoluted tubule (DCT), lies in cortex.

6. Nephron (vascular component) Dominant part is the glomerulus . Glomerulus is a tuft of glomerular capillaries. L arge amounts of fluid & solutes are filtered from the blood Afferent arteriole, Efferent ar teriole, Glomerular capsule, Glomerulus, Proximal convoluted tubule.

7. Vascular Component Renal Artery enters the kidney and forms afferent arteriole, which supplies each nephron. Afferent arteriole delivers blood to the glomerulus. Glomerular capillaries rejoin to form another arteriole–the efferent arteriole. The blood that was not filtered in the glomerulus goes to efferent arteriole.

8. Efferent arteriole gives second set of capillaries, the peritubular capillaries, which supply the renal tissue and are important in exchange with tubular system.
(Peritubular means around the tubular system) ▪️ Peritubular capillaries rejoin to form venules, that drain in renal vein.

9. Nephron Two types of nephrons which are d istinguished by location and length of their structures . ▪️ Juxtamedullary nephrons ▪️ Cortical nephrons

10. Cortical nephron and juxtamedullar nephron

11. IMPORTANT FACTS All nephron originate in the cortex. Glomeruli of cortical nephron lie in the outer layer of cortex . G lomeruli of Juxta medullary nephron lie in the inner layer of the cortex near the medulla . The kidney cannot regenerate new nephrons. Aging causes a gradual decrease in the number of nephron.

12. IMPORTANT FACTS Loop of Henle absent in cold blooded animals. Loop of Henle maximum developed in xeric animals (like camel).