Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells Cells.ppt

Structure of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells Cells

1. Structure of Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic Cells
Microbiology lecture
Pali

2. What is a Cell?
•It took a long time for people to discover cells and figure
out what they were all about.
•They needed sophisticated equipment (microscopes) to be
able to see cells.
•Every thing we know about cells we call “cell theory”.

3. What is a Cell?
•The cell theory says that:
oAll living things are made of cells.
oCells are the basic units of structure and function in all living
things.
oIn other words, cells are like the building blocks of all living things.
oNew cells are only made from existing cells.

4. Cells come in all shapes and sizes

5. Types of Cells
•Several classes of living organisms
•Based on the organisation of their cellular structures
•All living cells can be divided into two groups:
oEukaryotic and prokaryotic
•Eukaryotic cell types -Animals, plants, fungi, protozoa, and
algae
•Prokaryotic cell types -Bacteria & blue green algae

6. There are two distinct types of cells with
structural differences.
Prokaryotes
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Animal Plant

8. Prokaryotic Cell
•It is a single celled organism that does not have a nucleus.
Traits of Prokaryotic Cell
•They do not have a nucleus, and their genetic material is not
stored in the nucleus.
•They have some organelles, but not many.
•They are less complicated that eukaryotes.
•All bacteria are prokaryotes.

9. The Prokaryotic Cell

10. The Eukaryotic Cell (Animal Cell)
Organelles:
(1) nucleolus (2) nucleus (3) ribosome (4) vesicle (5) rough ER
(6) Golgi apparatus (7) Cytoskeleton (8) smooth ER (9) mitochondria
(10) vacuole (11) cytoplasm (12) lysosome (13) centrioles

11. Traits of Eukaryotic Cell
•They all have a nucleus where the genetic material of the
cell is stored.
•They have many organelles that work together to help the
cell function.
•Eukaryotic cells are much more complex then prokaryotic
cells.
•They can be just one cell or can make up more complex
multi-cellular organisms.
•All plants, animals, fungi, and protistsare eukaryotic cells.

12. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

13. Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell

14. Differences Between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
Cells
Character Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Nucleus Nuclear
membrane
Absent Present
Nucleolus Absent Present
Chromosome One circular One or more paired
and linear
Cell division Binary fission Mitosis
Cytoplasmic
membrane
Structure and
Composition
fluid phospholipid
bilayer, lacks sterols
fluid phospholipid
bilayer containing
sterols
Function Incapable of
endocytosis
(phagocytosis and
pinocytosis) and
exocytosis
Capable of endocytosis
and exocytosis

15. Differences Between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
Cells
Character Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Cytoplasm Mitochondria Absent Present
Lysosomes Absent Present
Golgi apparatusAbsent Present
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Absent Present
Vacuoles Absent Present
Ribosomes 70 S 80 S

16. Differences Between Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic
cells
Character Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
Cell Wall Present Animals & Protozoans –
Absent
Plants, Fungi & Algae -
Present
Composition Peptidoglycan –
complex
carbohydrate
Cellulose or chitin
Locomotor
organelles
Flagella Flagella/ Cilia

17. Summary

18. Questions?
Thank You!!!