Study of Hydraulic pumps and its function..ppt

Hydraulic pumps

1. 1
PRINCIPLE & CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLE & CONSTRUCTION
OF OF
HYDRAULIC PUMPSHYDRAULIC PUMPS

2. 2
HYDRAULIC PUMPS
PRINCIPLE
CHARACTERISTICS
TYPES OF PUMPS
COMPARISON OF
PUMPS
TROUBLE SHOOTING

3. 3
PUMP - PRINCIPLE
THE PRINCIPLE OF A HYDRAULIC PUMP IS
TO CONVERT MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO
HYDRAULIC ENERGY.
THIS IS ACHIEVED BY GENERATING AN
INCREASED VOLUME DURING INTAKE AND
DECREASED VOLUME ON THE DELIVERY
SIDE.

4. 5
PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
• FLOW RATING
• PRESSURE RATING
• VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY
• NOISE LEVEL
• CONTAMINATION LEVEL ALLOWED

5. 6
TYPES OF PUMPS
NON POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
GEAR PUMP VANE PUMP
ROTARY
AXIAL PISTON
PUMP
RADIAL PISTON
PUMP
RECIPROCATORY
POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

6. 7
NON POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
INLET
EYE
IMPELLER
BLADES
OUTLET
OUTLET
DIFFUSER
IMPELLER
PROPELLER
INLET
AXIAL
(PROPELLER )
TYPE
CENTRIFUGAL ( IMPELLER ) TYPES

7. 8
SINGLE VANE PUMP

8. 9
SINGLE VANE PUMP
DISCHARGE PORTSIDE PLATE
SHAFT
SUCTION PORT
BOLT
PRESSURE PLATE
SUCTION
ROTOR
DELIVERY
CAM RING
VANE
Graphical Symbol

9. 10
CARTRIDGE
PRESSURE PLATE
SIDE PLATE
CAM RING
LOCATING PIN
BOLT

10. 11
VARIATION IN VANE PUMP DISPLACEMENT
CAMRING
ROTOR
“THROW” WIDTH

11. 12
BALANCED VANE PUMP
INLET
OUTLET
INLET
DRIVE SHAFT
ROTOR
OUTLET
VANE
CAMRING
ROTATION
OUTLET
I
N
L
E
T
ROTATION

12. 13
VANE PUMP - TYPICAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
Pressure
035 140 21017510570
10
0
30
20
0
10
kWHP
I
n
p
u
t
P
o
w
e
rO
u
t
p
u
t

F
l
o
w
L/min
75
70
30
30
20
40
50
60
40
1200 r/min
1000 r/min
1500 r/min
1800 r/min
Kgf / Cm
2

13. 14
VANE PUMP - TYPICAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
1200 r/min
1000 r/min
0 35 140 21017510570
N
o
i
s
e

L
e
v
e
l
60
55
50
45
65
dB(A)
Pressure
PV2R2-41
Kgf / Cm
2
Noise Level [One metre (3.3 ft.)
horizontally away from pump head
cover]
NOISE LEVEL

14. 15
DOUBLE VANE PUMP
DELIVERY
SUCTION
DELIVERY
CARTRIDGE - 1 CARTRIDGE - 2
Graphic Symbol

15. 16
EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
INLET
OUTLET
DRIVE GEAR
DRIVEN GEAR

16. 17
EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP
INLET
OUTLET

17. 18
LOBE PUMP

18. 19
INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

19. 20
SINGLE PUMPS
DISCHARGE PORT
ROTOR
PRESSURE PLATE
SUCTION PORT
SIDE PLATE
WAVE WASHER
SHAFT
CAM RING
VANE
PROPORTIONAL
PRESSURE
REDUCING VALVE
Graphical Symbol

20. 23
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS
SHAFT
YOKE
SWASH PLATE
PIVOT
CONTROL PISTON
DRAIN PORT
SPOOL
FLOW
ADJ.
SCREW
DISCHARGE
PORT
SUCTION
PORT
PISTON
ASSEMBLY
PRESSURE
ADJ.
SCREW
FILLING PORT
PLUG
CYLINDER BLOCK
Graphical Symbol

21. 24
CYLINDER BLOCK ASSEMBLY
PIVOT
WASHER
SLIPPER
RETAINER
CYLINDER
BLOCK
WASHER
SPRING
WASHER
RETAINING
RING
PISTON
ASSEMBLY
PIN (3 pcs.)

22. 25
CYLINDER BLOCK ASSEMBLY
PORT PLATE

23. 26
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS
( AT FULL CUT - OFF )
.
PRESSURE
COMPENSATOR TYPE

24. 27
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS
PRESSURE COMPENSATOR CONTROL
SPOOL
PRESSURE
ADJUSTMENT
SCREW
DELIVERY
ADJUSTMENT
SCREW
YOKE
INLET
OUTLET
Suction Cycle
Discharge
Cycle
OPERATING
PISTON
Section A-A
IN
OUT

25. 28
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS
PRESSURE COMPENSATOR CONTROL
IN
OUT
OPERATING
PISTON
INLET
OUTLET
Suction Cycle
Discharge
Cycle
Section A-A
A
A

26. 29
VARIATION IN PUMP DISPLACEMENT
MAXIMUM SWASH
PLATE ANGLE
( MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT )
DECREASED SWASH
PLATE ANGLE
( PARTIAL DISPLACEMENT )
ZERO SWASH
PLATE ANGLE
( ZERO DISPLACEMENT )
STROKE
LENGTH
STROKE
LENGTH
NO
STROKE

27. 30
SWASH PLATE CAUSES PISTON TO
RECIPROCATE
DRIVE SHAFT
SWASH PLATE
SHOE PLATE
PISTON SUB-ASSEMBLY
CYLINDER BLOCK BORE
VALVE PLATE SLOT
INLET
PORT
OUTLET
PORT

28. 31
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMP
- TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Typ e "A R 1 6 "
2
V is cos ity 2 0 m m /s (10 0 S SU ) [IS O V G3 2 O ils, 50 °C (1 22 °F)]
E
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
c
y
100
80
60
kW
8
6
4
2
0
HP
12
10
4
2
0
6
8
I
n
p
u
t

P
o
w
e
r
%
N=1500 r/min
30
10
0
20
O
u
t
p
u
t
F
l
o
w
L/min
0 40 80 120 160
Pressure
Input Power
Output Flow
Volumetric Efficiency
Overall Efficiency
Performance Characteristic Curve
Kgf/Cm
2

29. 32
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMP
- TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
kW
12
10
4
2
0
6
8
I
n
p
u
t
P
o
w
e
r
HP
10
4
2
0
6
8
051015 25
L/min
Output Flow
20 30
N=1500 r/min
P= 140
P= 120
P= 100
P=80
P=60
P=40
P=20
P= 7
P=Kgf / Cm
2
Input Power
Typ e "A R 1 6 "
2
V is cos ity 2 0 m m /s (10 0 S SU ) [IS O V G3 2 O ils, 50 °C (1 22 °F)]
0 8040 160120
Full Cut-off Pressure
F
u
l
l
C
u
t
-
o
f
f
P
o
w
e
r
kW
2.0
1.5
0
1.0
HP
1.5
0
0.5
1.0
0.5
1500 r/min
1800 r/min
Full Cut-off Power
Kg / Cm
2

30. 33
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMP
- TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Typ e "A R 1 6 "
2
V is cos ity 2 0 m m /s (10 0 S SU ) [IS O V G3 2 O ils, 50 °C (1 22 °F)]
Drain
Noise Level [One metre (3.3 ft.)
horizontally away from pump head cover]
1.5
0
0.5
1.0
2.0
0
80
40 160120
Pressure
Full Cut-off
Full Flow
N=1800 r/min
N=1500 r/min
1500,1800 r/min
D
r
a
i
n
L/min
Kgf / Cm
2
Full Cut-off
Full Flow
Pressure
0 8040 160120
dB(A)
80
50
60
70
40
N
o
i
s
e

L
e
v
e
l
N=1500 r/min
Kgf / Cm
2

31. 34
BENT AXIS PISTON PUMP
PISTON
PISTON ROD
UNIVERSAL LINK
CYLINDER BLOCK
FROM INLET
TO OUTLET

32. 35
COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
TYPE VANE PUMP GEAR PUMP PISTON PUMP
Working
Principle
Varying
Volume
between the
Vane &
Camring
Shifting
Volume
surrounded by
gear grooves &
casing.
Varying
Volume by
reciprocating
Pistons.
Average
Efficiency
High Low except for
pressure
loading type.
Highest among
three types.
Wear &
Efficiency
Does not
decrease since
wearing of
camring or
vane can be
compensated
Decreases with
Wear
Decreases with
Wear

33. 36
COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
T Y P E VA N E P U M P G E A R P U M P P IS T O N P U M P
S e n s i t iv it y t o
d u s t
S e ns it iv e t o
r el at i v el y
s m all d u s t
p ar t ic l es , bu t
l es s af f ec t ed
t h an p is t on
t y p e.
L ow p r es s u r e
t yp e is l es s
af f ec t e d , w h il e
t h e p r es s u r e
l oad in g t y p e is
s en s it iv e.
M os t s en s it iv e
s i n c e
c om p on en t s
ar e as s em b l ed
w it h s m all
c l e ar an c e
A p p l ic ab il it y of
var i a b l e
d is p l ac em e n t
t y p e
P os s ib l e N ot P os s ib l eP os s ib l e

34. 37
COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
T Y P EVA N E P U M P G E A R P U M P P I S T O N P U M P
L i f e o f
B e a r i n g
B e a r i n g l i f e i s
v e r y l o n g
b e c a u s e
p r e s s u r e
b a l a n c i n g t y p e
i s u s e d w h i c h
d o e s n o t a p p l y
l o a d t o b e a r i n g .
L o a d i s a p p l i e d
t o b e a r i n g i n
c a s e o f
v a r i a b l e t yp e .
L i f e i s s h o r t
b e c a u s e a l a r g e
a m o u n t o f l o a d
i s a p p l i e d .
A l a r g e a m o u n t
o f l o a d i s b e i n g
a p p l i e d t o
b e a r i n g s .
M o r e b e a r i n g s
a r e g e n e r al l y
u s e d .

35. 38
COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
T Y P E VA N E P U M P G E A R P U M P P IS T O N P U M P
D e t e r i o r a t i o n o f
E f f i c i e n c y
E f f i c i e n c y d o e s
n o t d e t e r i o r a t e
d u r i n g t h e
s e r v i c e l i f e o f
m o v i n g p a r t s
b e c a u s e o f w e a r
c o m p e n s a t i n g
t y p e .
D e t e r i o r a t e s a s
m o v i n g p a r t s
w e a r .
A l m o s t s a m e a s
g e a r p u m p .
N o i s e N o i s e i s
g e n e r a l l y l o w .
B u t s i n g l e s t a g e
h i g h p r e s s u r e
p u m p m a k e m o r e
n o i s e .
G e n e r a l l y h i g h .L o w N o i s e .

36. 39
COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
TYPE PRESSUREDISCHARGEMAX. SPEEDOVERALL
EFFICIENCY
(Kgf/Cm
2
)( L / min )( rpm )
( % )
GEAR PUMP 20 ~ 2107 ~ 5701800~700075 ~ 90
VANE PUMP 20 ~ 2102 ~ 9502000~4000 75 ~ 90
AXIAL
PISTON
PUMP
70 ~ 3502 ~ 1700600 ~ 600085 ~ 95
RADIAL
PISTON
PUMP
50 ~ 25020 ~ 700700 ~ 180080 ~ 92

37. 40
TROUBLE SHOOTING
PRESSURE NOT DEVELOPING
CHECK DIRECTION OF PUMP
ROTATION
CONDITION OF OIL SURFACE
( COLOUR WHITE / YELLOW )
SIZE OF SUCTION STRAINER
CHECK PRESSURE CONTROL
VALVE
CHECK CARTRIDGE FOR
DAMAGE
NOISE
CAVITATION WRONG ALIGNMENT
MECHANICAL VIBRATION HIGH FREQUENCY NOISE
HARMONIC NOISE
FROM TANK SURFACE
/ PIPE MANIFOLD
CONDITION OF OIL ( AIR
BUBBLES / COLOUR OF OIL
WHITE OR YELLOW )