Styles-of-Debate-PowerPoint Presentation

Styles-of-Debate-PowerPoint Presentation

1. Honing Critical Educators Through Debate Workshop December 2, 2022 1:00-4:30 PM, NAB

2. “ With words, we govern man .” ~ Benjamin Disraeli Voltaire B. Jacinto Social Science Department, WVSU

3. A debate is a competitive event wherein contenders argue over specific statements or policies. Debate is any type of disagreement wherein individuals attempt to convince one another of an idea .

4. The purpose of debates : to discuss complex ideas , initiate quality research , and engage in strategic yet respectful dialogue with opponents .

5. Different debate types include varying parameters , such as a limit on access to research, time for each speaker, or the number of team members.

6. Four distinct types of debate topics Empirical: That flattening the curve justifies the freedoms we have to give up. Comparative : That obesity is the highest risk factor for COVID-19. Model: That a COVID-19 vaccine should be mandatory when it is released. Abstract: That an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure.

7. Subject of Debate Motion, Proposition, Resolution.

8. Styles of Debate Some of the most common types of debate: team policy, cross-examination, Lincoln-Douglas, spontaneous Argumentation, public forum, and parliamentary debates. These debates are differentiated by topics, the number of debaters, time limits, and access to resources.

9. 1. Team Policy debate The primary objective of team policy debate is to present a huge amount of evidence quickly and coherently. Team policy debates consist of two teams, each with two debaters . The structure includes the following elements. Eight speeches Four constructive speeches Four rebuttals Four periods of cross-examination

10. 2. Cross-Examination Debate T he opponent debaters ask questions to clarify and understand each other’s points of information . a cross-examination debate provides you with an opportunity to engage with your opponent. It further demonstrates your confidence to become a persuasive speaker that helps you win more points.

11. 3. Lincoln-Douglas Debate Lincoln-Douglas is an open style of debate. It is mainly inspired by the debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas in the 1850s. It is a one-on-one debate that focuses on arguing for or against a topic. The participants agree on the time limits and topics beforehand .

12. 4. Spontaneous Argumentation Spontaneous argumentation includes two debaters that argue on a particular topic. Debaters take enough prep time for a debate topic and then present the argument.

13. 5. Public Forum Debate Public forum debate is considered as audience friendly and a current events debate. It includes two teams of debaters that argue on monthly controversial topics. The round begins with a coin toss between the competing debate teams. It is required to determine which side, either Pro or Con, will present their argument first. Each debate team will be given 3 minutes to prepare the topic.

14. 6. Parliamentary Debate Similar to the spontaneous types of debate arguments, parliamentary debates do not require thorough research. The resolutions are decided only 10 minutes before a round of debate starts. Similarly, it greatly emphasized logic and persuasiveness. They are referred to as “parliamentary” because of their similar nature to the debates that occur in the British parliament.

15. 2 Main/Common Debate Formats 1 . Cross-Examination Debate (Interpellation) 2. Parliamentary Debate a. British Parliamentary Debate b. Asian-Australian Parliamentary Debate

16. 1. Cross-Examination Debate (Interpellation ) Oxford-Oregon (NBT)Necessity- beneficiality -practicability Interpellation/cross examination Rebuttals /Fallacies

17. Cross-examination debate highlights these qualities: It rewards speakers who can think on their feet, communicate effectively, prepare thoroughly and organize their thoughts ; . Cross-Examination Debate places emphasis on questioning or cross-examination between constructive speeches . Cross-Examination Debate typically rewards intensive use of evidence , and is more focused on content than on delivery .

18. Debaters must answer questions immediately - without destroying their own case or aiding their opponent’s. They must use their best poker face to conceal any damaging admissions. And they must know their case sufficiently well to answer unexpected questions with compelling facts. It stands out from other styles of debate in that it was designed to accentuate a clash of arguments.

19. SPEECHES

20. WARNING!!!!!!!!!

21. In a Cross-examination debate, a debater will gain points for: 1 . Questioning based on what was said in the debate. 2. Ability to handle questions. The debater will lose points for: Monologues (instead of asking questions). Being flustered by questions.

22. 2. Parliamentary Debate The emphasis in this form of debate is on persuasiveness, logic, and wit. Criteria: Manner, Matter, Method.

23. GOVERNMNET v. OPPOSITION

24. Impromptu The resolution/motion is usually not established until 10 minutes before the debate round begins, and there is a new resolution for every round of debate. Since it would be unreasonable to expect teams to research every topic they could be possibly be asked to debate, parliamentary debate requires no evidence whatsoever.

25. All that is required is that the government team must establish a topic that has two (or more) clashing sides and is debatable.

26. There are only three types of cases that the government team cannot run: 1. A tautology. A tautological case is one that is immediately and logically true by construction. For example, "Bill Clinton is the best Democratic president since 1981" would be a tautology, since Bill is the only Democrat to have attained the presidency in the specified time period. 2. A truism. A truistic case is one that no moral person could possibly disagree with. For example, "Infants should not be skinned alive for entertainment purposes" would be a truism. Of course, the definition of truistic is contentious, because it is almost always possible to find someone who disagrees with a proposition, and what is considered moral is often culture-specific. 3. A specific-knowledge case. A specific-knowledge case is one that would require the opposition to know more about a topic than it could reasonably be expected to know. In general, debaters are expected to be familiar with current events and popular culture. If the case requires more particularistic information, the government must provide all necessary information in the first speech of the round. If the government fails to do so, then the case is deemed specific-knowledge and hence against the rules. An example of a specific-knowledge case would be, "The U.S. Air Force should discontinue use of the V26 Osprey helicopter because of its low flight-to-thrust ratio." Another would be, "My partner should dump his girlfriend." Unless the evils and advantages of his girlfriend were well known, it would be unreasonable to expect the opposition to refute the case.

27. Points of information (POI) are a dynamic and enjoyable part of parliamentary debate. Reminders: A point of information is a brief rejoinder (seven seconds or less) to the point then being made by the person speaking. It may be a concise statement or a pointed question and there is no follow-up. Points of information are an integral part of parliamentary debating. A speaker who declines to accept any points may seem to fear the opponents arguments. On the other hand, a speaker who accepts too many points of information loses control of his or her speech. Usually, a constructive speaker will accept two points of information. Accepting them when offered shows that you are confident of your arguments and prepared to defend them.

28. To make a Point of Information; the member wishing to make the POI stands. The member speaking can either: Accept by acknowledging the member, Defer by saying “wait a moment please,” or Reject the POI by saying “no thank you” or wave them down.

29. BRITISH PARLIAMENTARY DEBATE British Parliamentary debates consist of four teams , containing two speakers each , which are divided into two sides that speak for and against the motion . Due to the style's origins in British parliamentary procedure, the two sides are called the Government and the Opposition .

30. Two teams, called the “First Proposition ” and the “Second Proposition ” teams, are charged with the responsibility of supporting the proposition while two other teams, “First Opposition ” and “Second Opposition ,” are charged with opposing it.

31. ASIAN-AUSTRALIAN PARLIAMENTARY DEBATE There two opposing teams in an Asians format of debate: Government side- proposes and defends the motion; Opposition side- refute and negates the motion.

32. The speakers speak in the following order: Prime minister Leader of opposition Deputy prime minister Deputy leader of opposition Government whip Opposition whip

33. Prime minister presents the case, Leader of opposition presents its own arguments and rebuttals the government’s . Deputy PM has also his own argument(s) and makes some rebuttal, of course he/she should not forget that she has to speak about the arguments of the PM and reaffirm them. Deputy leader of opposition has the same task, meaning new argument(s), rebuttal, own previous arguments . The government whip is allowed to present “new matter” but is advised not to, and the opposition whip is not allowed to do that.

34. Two reply speeches First the oppositional and then the governmental reply. The speeches are given by the first or the second speaker from each side. The speeches should focus on the great ideas, arguments, clashes in the debate and present them.

35. THANK YOU