Subconjuctival haemorrhage

Subconjuctival haemorrhage

1. Edson M utandwa MBBSIV Subconjuctival haemorrhage uveitis

2. SUBCONJUCTIVAL HAEMORRHAGE A subconjunctival haemorrhage occurs when a tiny blood vessel breaks just underneath the clear surface of your eye (conjunctiva).

3. CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS CAUSES RISK FACTORS Violent coughing Powerful sneezing Heavy lifting Vomiting Roughly rubbing your eye Severe eye infection Trauma Diabetes High blood pressure (hypertension) Certain blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin and aspirin Blood-clotting disorders

4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS SYMPTOMS Possible mild foreign body sensation Signs SIGNS Blood-red , well-circumscribed area overlying sclera

5. TREATMENT Reassurance Cold compresses Artificial tears

6. UVEITIS Uveitis is inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. The uvea consists of the iris, choroid and ciliary body. The most common type of uveitis is an inflammation of the iris called iritis (anterior uveitis).

7. CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS The specific cause of uveitis isn't clear. However, in some people, uveitis is associated with: Autoimmune disorders, such as Behcet's disease, sarcoidosis or ankylosing spondylitis Inflammatory disorders, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis Infections such as cat-scratch disease, herpes, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis or West Nile virus Eye injury Certain cancers, such as lymphoma, that can directly or indirectly affect the eye

8. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS SIGNS SYMPTOMS Unilateral or bilateral Pain Photophobia Tearing Normal to mildly decreased vision Signs Perilimbal flush Watery discharge Possible constricted and sluggish pupil Variable intraocular pressure

9. WORK UP Complete ocular history and exam Systemic history and exam for various associated conditions Slit lamp exam Deposits on posterior surface of cornea ( keratic precipitates) Inflammatory cells and protein (flare) in AC Adhesions of iris to surface of lens (posterior synechiae )

10. Hypopyon

11. TREATMENT Anti-inflammatory medication . E.g corticosteroids Antibiotic or antiviral medication. If uveitis is caused by an infection Immunosuppressive or cell-destroying (cytotoxic) medication. Immunosuppressive or cytotoxic agents may be necessary if your uveitis doesn't respond well to corticosteroids or becomes severe enough to threaten your vision. Surgery . Vitrectomy -may be necessary both for diagnosis and management of your uveitis ..