Summer training report on plc and scada.docx

This document gives us information about plc and Scada that are used in industries

1. A REPORT ON
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
(LEVEL-2) EE 351 C
IN
SCADA & PROGRAMMABLE
CONTROLLER
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the
Requirements for 5
th
Semester of
Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering
Submitted By
Name : Harsh Gahlyan
University Roll No.: 24011002905
SUBMITTED TO:
Department of Electrical Engineering
Hindu College of Engineering , Sonepat
2025

2. DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the PROFESSIONAL TRAINING ( LEVEL -2) ( Course Code
EE351C ) Report is a record of my own work carried out by me in PLC & SCADA
during the period from 04 / 07 /2025 to 14 / 08 / 2025 , to be evaluated in 5
th
Semester
of degree of B.Tech (Electical Engineering), Hindu College of Engineering, Sonepat.
Signature:
Name: Harsh Gahlyan
Date: 26 / 08 /2025 University Roll No.: 24011002905
Signatures
Examined by :
1.
2.
Head of
EE Department
(DR. PUNEET PAHUJA)

3. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Harsh Gahlyan has completed the PROFESSIONAL
TRANING ( LEVEL – 2 ) during the period from 04 / 07 /2025 to 14 / 08/2025 in our
Organization as a Partial Fulfillment of 5
th
Semester of Degree of Bachelor of
Technology in Electrical Engineering . He was trained in the field of PLC & SCADA.

4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I feel profound happiness in forwarding this industrial training report as an image of
sincere efforts. It is almost inevitable to ensure indebtedness to all who generously
helped by sharing their valuable experience & devoting their precious time with us,
without whom this seminar report would have never been accomplished.
First & foremost I extend my thanks & gratitude to the entire unit of “SOFCON
INDIAN PVT.LTD. DELHI” along with “ Mr. SHYAM SUNDAR ”and “Mr.
PRINCE’’ whose guidance, teaching and invaluable suggestions provided me a deep
insight in my chosen field of technology, enhanced my knowledge and supported in
widening my outlook towards the communication industry. I am also very thankful to
all the engineers of the department for their kind support throughout the training.

5. ABSTRACT
Industrial training is must for every student perusing professional degree because the
ultimate goal of every student is to get the information the industrial training helps us
to get an idea of the things. We should know in order to get a job i.e. I have a good
professional career. Industrial training teaches us lots of things. it helps us to know the
kind of environment we would be getting in the industry and help us to get with the
kind of environment. The totality the industrial teaches us industrial ethics. Some
advance technical how and help us to acquire with industrial working style.
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) allows a utility operator to
monitor and control processes that are distributed among various remote sites.
SCADA, is a system for gathering real time data, controlling processes, and
monitoring equipment from remote locations. As more companies are implementing
an open SCADA architecture through the Internet to monitor critical infrastructure
components such as power plants, oil and gas pipelines, chemical refineries, flood
control dams, and waste and water systems, vital systems are becoming increasingly
open to attack. This report provides an overview of SCADA, outlines several
vulnerabilities of SCADA systems, presents data on known and possible threats, and
provides particular remediation strategies for protecting these systems. PLCs are used
in many different industries and machines such as packaging and semiconductor
machines. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-
backed or non-volatile memory. A programmable logic controller (PLC) or
programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of
electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines,
amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and
machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs
and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise,
and resistanc e to vibration and impact.

6. TABLE CONTENTS
Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………………..ii
Abstract……………………………………………...………………………………..iii
Certificate with Signatures and Seal of the Industry Person………………...……...…4
List Of Figures…………………………………………….
…………………………...6
Company Profile……………………...…………………………………...
…………...8
Introducion to automation …………………………………………………………….9
Advantage/Disadvantage ……………………………………...………………………9
Applications...……………………………………………...……...…………….……10
Limitation of automation ………………………………...…………………………..11
PLC ………………………………………………………..………………..………..12
Architecture of PLC ………….……………………………...…………..…………..13
Ladde Diagram…………………………………………..……..…………….………15
Programming by Ladder Diagram ………………….…..…………...…………….…15
Programming and Operation in PLC ………………………………….………..……24
Application of PLC ……………………………………………………….…………25
SCADA ……………………………………………………………….……….….…26
SCADA Software ………………………………………………...………………….27
Architecture………………………………………………….…………………….…28
INTOUCH SCADA Software …………………………………………………….…30
Application of SCADA ……………………………..……………….………………35
Conclusion ……………………………………..….…………………..……………37

7. LIST OF FIGURES
S.NO Figure title Page No.
1 PLC internal architecture 13
2 Simplified PLC structure 14
3 Basic plc sections 14
4 ladder diagram 15
5 Timer on 18
6 Timer off 18
7 Retentive Timer 18
8 Addressing of timer 19
9 Count Up 20
10 Count down 21
11 Addressing of timer 21
12 AND logic ladder diagram 22
13 Or logic ladder diagram 22
14 Not logic ladder diagram 22
15 NAND logic ladder diagram 23
16 Nor logic ladder diagram 23
17 XOR logic ladder diagram 23
18 X-NOR logic ladder diagram 23
19 Push button logic ladder diagram24
20 Input sensor logic ladder diagram24
21 Output sensor logic ladder diagram25
22 Typical SCADA System 27
23 Hardware Architectur 28

8. 24 Human machine interface 29
25 Animation Link Selection Dialog
Box
30
26 push button dialog box 31
27 Fill color dialog box 32
28 object height dialog box 33
29 horizontal location dialog box34

9. COMPANY PROFILE
Best Automation Traning in Delhi, Industrial Automation Training Institute in Delhi,
Live Project Automation Training in Delhi.
Sofcon provides best industrial automation training in Delhi . Industrial automation
course & syllabus designed by SOFCON based on current industry demands that help
candidates in skill enhancement and get better knowledge so that they can get their
dream jobs at MNCs.
Sofcon is the leading industrial automation training in Delhi offering hands on
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Sofcon provides industrial automation training from basic to advanced level so that
the candidates can do jobs in any circumstances. At Sofcon industrial automation
training in Delhi is conducted by corporate professionals and subject specialist that
have more than 7years of experience in managing real-time industrial automation
projects.
Sofcon is very popular industrial automation training in Delhi where aspirants can
learn advanced industrial automation , PLC training ,SCADA , HMI , Automation ,
and AutoCAD that has designed as per current industry trends . Advanced industrial
automation course content and syllabus designed by professionals so that our students
can get advanced knowledge and achieve their career goals in Multinational
companies.
Sofcon is the biggest industrial automation training in Delhi and smart classrooms
fully equipped projectors, Wi-Fi connectivity & digital pads. Sofcon is running 8
branches in 8 big cities in India. Each and every Sofcon branch prepare thousands of

10. industrial automation enfineers and makes them able to secure their placements in top
level MNCs.
Sofcon Delhi branch is one of the best industrial automation training institutes in
Delhi provides 100 % placement support to candidates. After training completion
Sofcon provides NSDC affiliated certificate and this certificate proves that you are a
skilled engineer and helps you to achieve your career goals.
Sofcon charges a little fees amount for industrial automation training in Delhi an also
provides options to pay in installment . Sofcon also accept fees in various digital
payement modes such as Credit Card , Debit Card , Internet Banking , Cheque and
Paytm.

11. INTRODUCTION TO AUTOMATION
Automation is the use of control systems such as computers to control industrial
machinery and process, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of
industrialization, automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization
provided human operators with machinery to assist them with
physical requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human
sensory and mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be
automated.
Automation Impacts:
1.) It increases productivity and reduce cost.
2.) It gives emphasis on flexibility and convertibility of manufacturing process Hence
gives manufacturers the ability to easily switch from manufacturing products.
3.) Automation is now often applied primarily to increase quality in the
manufacturing process, where automation can increase quality substantially.
4.) Increase the consistency of output.
5.) Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous environments.
Advantages of Automation:
1.) Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or monotonous
work.
2.) Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities of size, weight, endurance
etc.

12. 3.) Economy improvement: Automation may improve in economy of enterprises,
society or most of humanity.
Disadvantages of Automation:
1) Technology limits: Current technology is unable to automate all the desired tasks.
2) Unpredictable development costs: The research and development cost of
automating a process may exceed the cost saved by the automation itself.
3) High initial cost: The automation of a new product or plant requires a huge initial
investment in comparison with the unit cost of the product.
Applications:
Automated video surveillance:
Automated video surveillance monitors people and vehicles in real
time within a busy environment. Existing automated surveillance systems are based
on the environment they are primarily designed to observe, i.e., indoor, outdoor or
airborne, the amount of sensors that the automated system can handle and the mobility
of sensor, i.e., stationary camera vs. mobile camera. The purpose of a surveillance
system is to record properties and trajectories of objects in a given area generate
warnings or notify designated authority in case of occurrence of particular events.
Automated manufacturing:
Automated manufacturing refers to the application of automation to produce things in
the factory way. Most of the advantages of the automation technology have its
influence in the manufacture processes. The main advantages of automated
manufacturing are higher consistency and quality, reduced lead times, simplified
production, reduced handling, improved work flow, and increased worker morale
when a goodimplementation of the automation is made.
Home automation:
Home automation designates an emerging practice of
increased automation of household appliances and features in residential dwellings,

13. particularly through electronic means that allow for things impracticable, overly
expensive or simply not possible recent past decades.
Industrial automation:
Industrial automation deals with the optimization of energy efficient drive systems
by precise measurement and control technologies. Nowadays energy efficiency in
industrialProcesses are becoming more and more relevant. Semiconductor companies
like Infineon Technologies areoffering 8-bit microcontroller applications for
example found in motor controls, general purpose pumps, fans, and
ebikes to reduce energy consumption and thus increase Efficiency.
Limitations to automation:
Current technology is unable to automate all the desired tasks.
As a process becomes increasingly automated, there is less and less labour to
be saved or quality improvement to be gained. This is an example of both
diminishing returns and the logistic function.
Similar to the above, as more and more processes become automated, there are
fewer remaining non-automated processes. This is an example of exhaustion
of opportunities.
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

14. HISTORY OF PLC:
In the 1960's Programmable Logic Controllers were first developed to replace relays
and relay control systems. Relays, while very useful in some applications, also have
some problems. The primary reason for designing such a device was eliminating the
large cost involved in replacing the complicated relay based machine control systems
for major U.S. car manufacturers. These controllers eliminated the need of rewiring
and adding additional hardware for every new configuration of logic. These, along
with other considerations, led to the development of PLCs. plc was more improved in
1970’s. In 1973 the ability to communicate between PLCs was added. This also made
it possible to have the controlling circuit quite a ways away from the machine it was
controlling. However, at this time the lack of standardization in PLCs created other
problems. This was improved in the 1980's.The size of PLC was also reduced then,
thus using space even more efficiently. The 90's increased the collection of ways in 10
which a PLC could be programmed (block diagrams, instruction list, C, etc.).
INTRODUCTION OF PLC:
A programmable logic controller (PLC) is an industrial computer control
system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes
decisions based upon a custom program to control the state of output devices.
It is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended
temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration
and impact.
They are used in many industries such as oil refineries, manufacturing lines,
conveyor systems and so on, wherever there is a need to control devices the
PLC provides a flexible way to "soft wire" the components together.

15. The basic units have a CPU (a computer processor) that is dedicated to run one
program that monitors a series of different inputs and logically manipulates
the outputs for the desired control. They are meant to be very flexible in how
they can be programmed while also providing the advantages of high
reliability (no program crashes or mechanical failures), compact and
economical over traditional control systems.
In simple words, Programmable Logic Controllers are relaycontrol systems
put in a very small package. This means that one PLC acts basically like a
bunch of relays, counters, timers, places for data storage, and a few various
other things, all in one small package.
ARCHITECTURE OF PLC:
The PLC give output in order to switch things on or off. The PLC’s output is
proportionally activated according on the status of the system’s feedback sensors and
input terminal which is connected to PLC. The decision to activate output is based on
logicprogrammers. The logicprogrammer stored in RAM or ROM memory. The PLC
also has same as computer, a CPU, data bus and address busto communicate with
external devices such as programmers, display monitor The next diagram shows a
simplified diagram of PLC’s structure. The central processing unit control everything
according to a programme stored in a memory (RAM/ROM ).Everything is
interconnected by two buses ,the address bus anddata bus . The system must be able
and a/d converter.

16. Fig 1 :- PLC internal architecture
Fig 2 :- Simplified PLC structure

17. Fig 3 :- Basic plc sections
Ladder Diagram (LD):
The Ladder Diagram is also a graphics oriented programming language which
approaches the structure of an electric circuit. Ladder Diagram consists of a series of
networks. Each network consists on the left side of a series of contacts which pass on
from left to right the condition "ON" or "OFF" which correspond to the Boolean
values TRUE and FALSE. To each contact belongs a Boolean variable. If this
variable is TRUE, then condition pass from left to right.

18. Fig 4 :- ladder diagram
COMMUNICATION/PROGRAMMING WITH
SOFTWARE RSLINX:-
This chapter explains how to program the PLC. It describes how to write a program,
how the program is structured and representation of the programming language.
PROGRAMING BY LADDER DIAGRAM:
Ladder logic is a method of drawing electrical logic schematics. It is now a graphical
language very popular for programming Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). It
was originally invented to describe logic made from relays. The name is based on the
observation that programs in this language resemble ladders, with two vertical "rails
"and a series of horizontal "rungs" between them. A program in the ladder logic, also
called ladder diagram is similar to a schematic for a set of relay circuits.
The Ladder Diagram is also a graphics oriented programming language which
approaches the structure of an electric circuit. The Ladder Diagram consists of a series
of networks. A network is limited on the left and right sides by a left and right vertical
current line. In the middle is a circuit diagram made up of contacts, coils, and
connecting lines. Each network consists on the left side of a series of contacts which

19. pass on from left to right the condition "ON" or "OFF" which correspond to the
Boolean values TRUE and FALSE. To each contact belongs a Boolean variable. If
this variable is TRUE, then the condition is passed from left to right along the
connecting line. Otherwise the right connection receives the value OFF.
INPUT represented by (I)
OUTPUT represented by (O)
Addressing method:
1 slot=32 bit=2 word (1 char./word=2 byte=16 bit)
Input addressing:
File letter: Slot number. Word number/Bit number
For example:- I:2.1/1
Output addressing:
File letter: Slot number. Word number/Bit number
For example:- O:2.1/1
GENERALLY USED INSTRUCTIONS & SYMBOL FOR
PLC PROGRAMMING:-
Input Instruction:
1)--[ ]—

20. This Instruction is Called XIC or Examine If Closed.ie; If a NO
switch is actuated then only this instruction will betrue. If a NC switch is
actuated then this instruction will not betrue and hence output will not be
generated.
2)--[\]—
This Instruction is Called XIO or Examine If Openie; If a
NC switch is actuated then only this instruction will be true. If a NC
switch is actuated then this instruction will not be true and hence output
will not be generated.
Output Instruction:
1) --( )—
This Instruction Shows the States of Output(called OTE). ie; If any instruction
either XIO or XIC is true then output will be high. Due to high output a 24
volt signal is generated from PLC processor.
1)--(L)—
Output Latch (OTL) OTL turns a bit on when the rung is executed, and this bit
retains its state when the rung is not executed or a power cycle occurs.
2)--(U)—

21. Output Unlatch(OTU) OTU turns a bit off when the rung is executed, and this
bit retains its state when the rung is not executed or when power cycle occurs.
Rung:
Rung is a simple line on which instruction are placed and logics are created.
Timer: Timer has three bit:
EN:Enable bit :
The Timer Enable (EN) bit is set immediately when the rung
goes true. It stays set until the rung goes false.
TT:Timer timing bit :
The Timer Timing (TT) bit is set when the rung goes true. It
stays set until the rung goes false or the Timer Done (DN) bit is set (i.e. when
accumulated value equals preset value).
DN:Done bit:
The Timer Done (DN) bit is not set until the accumulated value is equal to the preset
value. It stays set until the rung goes false.
Timer is three type:
TON
TOF
RTO

22. 1)TON:Timer On
Counts time base intervals when the instruction is true.
Fig : 5 Timer on
2)TOF:Timer off
Delay Counts time base intervals when the instruction is false.
Fig : 6 Timer off
3)RTO:Retentive Timer
This type of timer does NOT reset the accumulated time when
the input condition goes false. Rather, it keeps the last accumulated time in memory,
and (if/when the input goes true again) continues timing from that point.

23. Fig : 7 Retentive Timer
Addressing of timer:
Fig :8 Addressing of timer
Table : 8 Status of bits in timer

24. Set When Accumulated value wraps around to +32,768 (from: 32767) and
Counter:
Counter has three bit:
Count Up bit (CU):
Set When Rung conditions are true and remains set till rung conditions go false or a
RES instruction that has the same address as the CTD instruction is enabled.

25. Done bit ( DN):
Set when the accumulated value is => the present value and remains set till the
accumulated value becomes less than the present value.
Overflow ( OV):
continues counting from there and remains set till a RES instruction that has same
address as the CTD instruction is executed or the count is incremented greater than or
equal to +32,767 with a CTU instruction.
Counter is two type:
CTU
CTD
1)CTU:Count Up
Increments the accumulated value at each false-to true transition and retains
the accumulated value when the instruction goes false or when power cycle occurs.

26. Fig : 9 Count Up
2)CTD:Count Down
Decrements the accumulate value at each false-to true transition and retains the
accumulated value when the instruction goes false or when power cycle occurs.
Fig: 10 Count Down
Addressing of counter:
Fig: 11 Addressing of time

27. RESET:--(RES)--
Reset the accumulated value and status bits of a timer or counter.
A C5:0
-------[ ]---------------------(RES)--------------------------
When A is true than counter C5:0 is reset.
BOOLEAN LOGIC DESIGN BY LADDER DIAGRAM:
1)AND logic:
Y0=X0.X1
Fig : 12 AND logic ladder diagram
2)OR logic:

28. Y1=X0+X1
Fig: 13 OR logic ladder diagram
3)NOT logic:
Y3=X0
Fig :14 NOT logic ladder diagram
4)NAND logic:
Y0=X0.X

29. Fig : 15 NAND logic ladder diagram
5)NOR logic:
Y1=X0+X1
Fig : 16 NOR logic ladder diagram
6)X-OR logic:
Y2=X0 + X1
Fig :17 XOR logic ladder diagram

30. 7)X-NOR logic:
Y2=X0 + X1
Fig :18 X-NOR logic ladder diagram
PROGRAMING AND OPERATIONS IN PLC:
To understanding the programming and operation we consider a
example :-
We have a car parking place which has five car parking capacityand we want to
control the parking gate/light. We have one input sensor, one exit sensor, for power
supply start stop push button, and for indication LED light.
Making program:
STEP: 1
Making start stop push button logic:

31. Fig : 19 Push button logic ladder diagram
Here button a is start push button and b is stop push button and x is binary type
output.
STEP: 2
Making input side sensor logic:
Fig :20 Input sensor logic ladder diagram

32. Here we use one input sensor and one counter which is CTU (counter up) and take
CTU preset value 5.
STEP: 3
Making exit side sensor logic:
Fig :21 Output sensor logic ladder diagram
Here we take done bit (DN) of counter for controlling the led light.
APPLICATIONS OF PLC:
The PLC can be programmed to function as an energy management system
for boiler control for maximum efficiency and safety.
In automation of blender recliners.
In automation of bulk material handling system at ports.
In automation for a ship unloaded.
Automation for wagon loaders.
For blast furnace charging controls in steel plants.
In automation of brick molding press in refractory.
In automation for galvanizing unit.
For chemical plants process control automation.

33. In automation of a rock phosphate drying and grinding system.
Modernization of boiler and turbo generator set.
Process visualization for mining application.
SCADA

34. (SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA
ACQUISITION)
INTRODUCTION
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition. Asthe name indicates,
it is not a full control system, but ratherfocuses on the supervisory level. As such, it is
a purely softwarepackage that is positioned on top of hardware to which it
isinterfaced, in general via Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs),or other
commercial hardware modules.
SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a
plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control,
energy, oil and gas refining and transportation. These systems encompass the transfer
of data between a SCADAcentral host computer and a number of Remote Terminal
Units (RTUs) and/or Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), and the central host
and the operator terminals. A SCADA system gathers information (such as where a
leak on a pipeline has occurred), transfers the information back to a central site, then
alerts the home station that a leak has occurred, carrying out necessary analysis and
control, such as determining if the leak is critical, and displaying the information in a
logical and organized fashion. SCADA systems consist of:
1)One or more field data interface devices, usually RTUs, or PLCs,which
interface to field sensing devices and local controlswitchboxes and valve
actuators.
2)A communications system used to transfer data between fielddata interface
devices and control units and the computers inthe SCADA central host. The
system can be radio, telephone,cable, satellite, etc., or any combination of
these.

35. 3)A central host computer server or servers (sometimes called aSCADA Center,
master station, or Master Terminal Unit (MTU).
4)A collection of standard and/or custom software [sometimescalled Human
Machine Interface (HMI) software or ManMachine Interface (MMI) software]
systems used to providethe SCADA central host and operatorterminal
application,support the communications system, and monitor and
controlremotely located field data interface devices.
Fig : 22 Typical SCADA System
SCADA SOFTWARES

36. ARCHITECTURE:
Generally SCADA system is a centralized system which monitors and controls entire
area. It is purely software package that is positioned on top of hardware. A
supervisory system gathers data on the process and sends the commands control to
the process. For example, in the thermal power plant the water flow can be set to
specific value or it can be changed according to therequirement. The SCADA system
allows operators to change the set point for the flow, and enable alarm conditions
incase of loss of flow and high temperature and the condition is displayed and
recorded. The SCADA system monitors the overall performance of the loop. The
SCADA system is a centralized system to communicate with both wire and wireless
technology to Clint devices. The SCADA system controls can run completely all
kinds of industrial process.
EX: If too much pressure in building up in a gas pipe line theSCADA system can
automatically open a release valve.
Hardware Architecture:
The generally SCADA system can be classified into two parts:
Clint layer
Data server layer

37. The Clint layer which caters for the man machine interaction. The data server layer
which handles most of the process data activities. The SCADA station refers to the
servers and it is composed of a single PC. The data servers communicate with devices
in the field through process controllers like PLCs or RTUs. The PLCs are connected
to the data servers either directly or via networks or buses. The SCADA system
utilizes a WAN and LAN networks, the WAN and LAN consists of internet protocols
used for communication between the master station and devices. The physical
equipment’s like sensors connected to the PLCs or RTUs.The RTUs convert the
sensor signals to digital data and sends digital data to master unit.
Fig: 23 Hardware Architecture
Software Architecture:
Most of the servers are used for multitasking and real time database. The servers are
responsible for data gathering and handling. The SCADA system consists of a
software program to provide trending, diagnostic data, and manage information such
as scheduled maintenance procedure, logistic information, detailed schematics for a
particular sensor or machine and expertsystem troubleshooting guides. This means the
operator can sea a schematic representation of the plant being controlled.

38. EX: alarm checking, calculations, logging and archiving; polling controllers on a set
of parameter, those are typically connected to the server.
Human machine interface:
The SCADA system uses human machine interface. The
information is displayed and monitored to be processed by the human. HMI provides
the access of multiple control units which can be PLCs and RTUs. The HMI provides
the graphical presentation of the system. For example, it provides the graphical
picture of the pump connected to the tank. The user can see the flow of the water and
pressure of the water. The important part of the HMI is an alarm system which is
activated according to the predefined values.
Fig : 24 Human machine interface
For example: The tank water level alarm is set 60% and 70% values. If the water
level reaches above 60% the alarm gives normal warning and if the water level reach
above 70% the alarm gives critical warning.

39. Monitoring/Control:
The SCADA system uses different switches to operate each device and displays the
status at the control area. Any part of the process can be turned ON/OFF from the
control station using these switches. SCADA system isimplemented to work
automatically without human intervention but at critical situations it is handled by
man power.
DESIGN SCADA WITH INTOUCH WONDERWARE
SOFTWARE AND APPLICATION:
SCADA is main interface between your control system and Operator. Maximum data
and features available on SCADA give you better control and clarity about the
system. SCADA needs to read data from various devices like:-
PLC/Controllers
RTU
Energy meters/Load managers/Data loggers
Field instruments like Flow meters and positioners
Each of above data communicates with SCADA on various protocols . SCADA reads
or writes the data in format of tags.
INTOUCH WONDERWARE SCADA SOFTWARE:
First we crate the animated object from “Wizard Selection” tool than specify tag name
as require. We can create almost any screen animation effect imaginable. We can
make objects change color, size, location, visibility, fill level, and so on.
Animation link selection dialog box are shown in fig

40. Fig : 25 Animation Link Selection Dialog Box
TOUCH LINK:-
1)User Input touch links:
Discrete: Used to control the value of a discrete tagname.
Analog: Used to input the value of an analog (integer or real) tagname.
String: Used to create an object into which a string message may be input.
2)Sliders touch links:
Vertical& Horizontal:we can move the slider position horizontally or vertically.
3)Touch Pushbutton links:
Discrete Value: Used to make any object or symbol into a pushbutton that controls
the state of a discrete tagname. Pushbutton actions can be set, reset, toggle,
momentary on (direct) and momentary off (reverse) types.

41. Action:
Allows any object, symbol or button to have up to three different action scripts linked
to it; On Down, While Down and On Up.
Show Window:
Used to make an object or symbol into a button that opens one or more windows
when it is clicked or touched.
Hide Window:
Used to make an object or symbol into a button that closes one or more windows
when it is clicked or touched.
Fig : 26 push button dialog box
COLOR LINKS:

42. Discrete:
Used to control the fill, line and text colours attributes of an object or symbol that is
linked to the value of a discrete expression.
Analog:
The line, fill, and text colour of an object or symbol can be linked to the value of an
analog tag name (integer or real) or an analog expression.Five value ranges aredefined
by specifying four breakpoints. Five different colours can be selected which will be
displayed as the value range changes.
Discrete Alarm:
The text, line, and fill colour of an object can all be linked to the alarm state of a tag
name, Alarm Group, or Group Variable. This colour link allows a choice of two
colours; one for the normal state and one for the alarm state of the tag name. This link
can be used for both analog and discrete tag names. If it is used with an
analog tag name, it responds to any alarm condition of the tag name.
Analog Alarm:
The text, line, and fill colour of an object can all be linked to the alarm state of an
analog tag name, Alarm Group, or Group Variable. Allows a specific colour to be set
for the normal state as well as a separate colour for each alarm condition defined for
the tag name.

43. Fig : 27 Fill colour dialog box
OBJECT SIZE LINKS:
We use Object Size links to vary the height and/or width of an object according to the
value of an analog (integer or real) tag name or analog expression. Size links provide
the ability to control the direction in which the object enlarges in height and/or width
by setting the "anchor" for the link. Both height and width links can be attached to the
same object.

44. Fig : 28 object height dialog box
PERCENT FILL LINKS:
We use Percent Fill Links to provide the ability to vary the fill level of a filled shape
(or a symbol containing filled shapes) according to the value of an analog tag name or
an expression that computes to an analog value. For example, this link may be used
to show the level of liquids in a vessel. An object or symbol may have a horizontal fill
link, a vertical fill link, or both.

45. Fig : 29 vertical fill dialog box
LOCATION LINKS:
We use Location Links to make an object automatically move horizontally, vertically,
or in both directions in response to changes in the value of an analog tag name or
expression.

46. Fig: 30 horizontal location dialog box
MISCELLANEOUS LINKS:
There are four type of miscellaneous links.
Visibility:
Use to control the visibility of an object based on the value of a discrete tag name or
expression.
Blink:
Used to make an object blink based on the value of a discrete tag name or expression.
Orientation:
Used to make an object rotate based on the value of a tag name or expression.
Disable:
Used to disable the touch functionality of objects based on the value of a tag name or
expression.
VALUE DISPLAY LINKS:

47. Value Display Links provide the ability to use a text object to display the value of a
discrete, analog, or string tag name. There are three types:
Discrete :
Uses the value of a discrete expression to display an On or Off user defined message
in a text object.
Analog:
Displays the value of an analog expression in a text object.
String:
Displays the value of a string expression in a text object.

48. APPLICATIONS OF SCADA:
SCADA systems can be relatively simple, such as one that monitors environmental
conditions of a small office building, or incredibly complex, such as a system that
monitors all the activity in a nuclear power plant or the activity of a municipal water
system.
SCADA monitors and controls industrial, infrastructure, orfacility-based processes, as
described below:
Infrastructure processes may be public or private, and include water treatment
and distribution, wastewater collection and treatment, oil and gas pipelines,
electrical power transmission and distribution, wind farms, civil defence siren
systems, and large communication systems.
Facility processes occur both in public facilities and private ones, including
buildings, airports, ships, and space stations.They monitor and control HVAC,
access, and energy consumption.
Industries that are catered to are:
Automotive
Building Automation
Cement & Glass
Chemical
Electronics
Food and Beverage
Machinery & Manufacturing
Aerospace & Defence
Metals & Mining

49. Oil & Gas
Pharmaceutical
 Power, Utilities & Generation
 Transportation
 Water & Wastewater
ADVANTAGES:
The SCADA system provides on board mechanical and graphical information.
The SCADA system is easily expandable. We can add set ofcontrol units and
sensors according to the requirement.
The SCADA system ability to operate critical situations.

50. CONCLUSION:
With the speed of changing technology today it is easy to lose sight or knowledge of
the basic theory or operation of programmable logic. Most people simply use the
hardware to produce the results they desire. Hopefully, this report has given the reader
a deeper insight into the inner workings ofprogrammable logic and its role in
mechanical operations. The idea of programmable logic is very simple to understand,
but it is the complex programs that run in the ladder diagrams that make them difficult
for the common user to fully understand. Hopefully this has alleviated some of that
confusion. SCADA is used for the constructive working, using a SCADA system for
control ensures a common framework not only for the development of the specific
applications but also for operating the detectors. Operators experience the same ”look
and feel” whatever part of the experiment they control. However, this aspect also
depends to a significant extent on proper engineering.