Summer2024 intern_OMICS (Metagenomics).pdf

Metagenomics intro

1. l 05 SEPTEMBER, 2024
METAGENOMICS
STUDY OF THE GENOMES OF WHOLE COMMUNITIES OF MICROSCOPIC LIFE
FORMS WITHOUT CULTURING OF THE ORGANISMS
By: Doha K. Khalil

2. AGENDA OVERVIEW
01 05
02 06
03 07
INTRODUCTION TO
MICROBIOME
METAGENOMICS
MICROBIOME IN HUMANS
SEQUENCING
MICROBIOME IN
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH
ANALYSIS PIPELINES
04 08
HUMAN MICROBIOME
PROJECT
AVAILABLE PIPELINES

3. INTRODUCTION TO
METAGENOMICS
Metagenomics involves sequencing and analyzing the
genetic material of entire microbial communities directly
from environmental samples.
- Provides a comprehensive view of microbial diversity
and functions.
- Reveals insights into microbial interactions and
functional potentials.
DEFINITION
ADVANTAGES

4. INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOMES
[Micro+biome] The collection
of all microorganisms
(bacteria, viruses, fungi,
archaea) and their collective
genetic material in a specific
environment.

5. MICROBIOME IN HUMANS
- Human Microbiome:
- Comprises trillions of microbes
residing in various body sites such
as the gut, skin, mouth, and
reproductive organs.
- Roles:
- Digestive Health: Helps in
breaking down complex
carbohydrates.
- Immune System: Modulates
immune responses.
- Metabolism: Influences nutrient
metabolism and vitamin synthesis.

6. IMPORTANT TO NOTICE
MICROBIOME MICROBIOTA
The entire community of
microorganisms and
their genetic material in
an environment.
The actual microbes
(bacteria, viruses, fungi)
present in a given
environment.
The study of genetic
material recovered directly
from environmental
samples, allowing the
analysis of microbial
communities without the
need for culturing.
METAGENOMICS

7. MICROBIOME IN
HEALTHCARE RESEARCH
- Applications
- Disease Diagnosis: Identifying microbial
biomarkers for diseases like IBS, obesity,
and cancer.
- Personalized Medicine: Tailoring
treatments based on individual microbiome
profiles.
- Probiotics and Prebiotics: Designing
interventions to improve microbiome health.

8. THE HUMAN MICROBIOME PROJECT (2007)
An international research initiative aimed at
characterizing the human microbiome and its
role in health and disease.
- Objectives:
- Catalog the microbial species present in
healthy and diseased individuals.
- Understand how microbiomes affect
human health.
- Findings:
- Discovery of diverse microbial
communities.
- Insights into how microbiomes influence
disease susceptibility

10. SHOTGUN SEQUENCING
Sequence all DNA
More Information
Higher Complexity
Higher Cost
AMPLICON SEQUENCING
Sequence only specific gene
No functional Information
less complex to analyse
Cheaper

11. ANALYSIS PIPELINES

13. MOTHUR
initiated by Dr. Patrick Schloss and his
research group in the Department of
Microbiology & Immunology at The
University of Michigan.

14. THANK YOU
05 SEPTEMBER,
2024