summit-1

PREVIEW

New Perspectives

EX Topic Preview. Lookat the map ofthe world. Where do you
think the arti is frm?

the map depicts the world?
eying to say with the illustration? ls the artist being

2 wir

M © sound Bites. Read and listen to » conversation
Between two coleagues working tempora in another
county.

GILBERT: Oh,manl Am ready t head home

ANNA: Are you kidding? I cant get enough ofthis place.

GILBERT: Mel its been three weeks and think ve had about
‘enough, Im tired of eating strange food

ANNA: Wow! feel just the opposite {cart get over how much
1 enjoy being here. love how diferent the food is.

GILBERT: Well not me. And fonts a pan inthe neck having
to work o hard to understand what people are saying to me.

ANNA: 1 actualy think fun trying to figure out how to
«communicate. Stop complaining! You be home before you
know it

GILBERT: Fine by me. There no place Ike home.

[El in Other Words. Read the conversation again.
With a partner explain the meaning of each ofthe
following statements

‘Am 1 ready to head home!”
“I cont get enough ofthis place

think I've had about enough”

can't get over how much Lenjoy being here.”
“Tes a pain in the neck having to work so hard.”
“There's no place like home.”

>
5
6

meme
EB Pair Work. Resd exch statement and decide who you untae =
(alesis We (Gee

with information from the conversation. (renew tome”,

BB Discussion.

How would you describe Anna's and Gilbert personalities?
How are they different?

2. Who are you more like, Gilbert or Anna?

STARTING POINT

Pair Work. How do you each fel about travel? Complete the statement to reflect yout own opinions.
Explain why.

In my opinion, travel can be

a Dasein

a

J! Suggest ways to enjoy life more

EI © GRAMMAR SNAPSHOT. Read the article and notice the use of forget stop and remember.

A ou ring cate an ends?
Day et yoo havo a me ar yout?

Here are some tis for estoxing 3 ely
perspectve, Fst, remember to make time for

Do you forget to cl try on brindays or
holidays? Hove you stopped going out with
fiends because yout 10 buey? Do you have
toute relaxing and having fun?

I you recognize yourel, you should
remember to slow down an take mote tine
for every

‘he important people in you lf, Stop over
Scheduling and spond quaıy time with fiends
and tum, Second les to es, ta, walk a
Give more sw. And don't forget 10 u

cal phone off sometimes. P

o25/ and begin
‘Simple things in Mo. Stop to smell i

E Discussion.

1. Did you recognize yourself or someone you know in the article? Give examples.
2. Did you find the tips helpful? Why or why not?

sur

|
| G Grammar. Gerunds and infinitives: changes in meaning
| Some verbs sr followed by eter a gerund o an initie wth no change la meaning,
foc example: fv, bate, cata, Ik, rte bei, sta, cana
Begin enjoying he mp gs a He. OR egin o ajo sip tng ine
Some veros change meaning, depending on whether they ar followed by a gerund ran inte.
member + atte = remember o o something
member o make Uno lr Be impart pape a youre
{ave remember o Sen an -mal y end.

mener + gerd = remember something hat happened ine past Some verbs ar allowed by nine
| "remember having re Ume ia mys Tran te ein pet.
| jo remember gang tee when you wea i? Some vr ar flawed by gen
| Tenoy ende ie wh my He
firs en = trv Secon same veros are fotowed by at and
a ego un you el pone ot Lou
He a reas cal my Sy remis nto ea ny ane
net «gerund = forget amet hl happened nthe past ar cometo at of verb lowed
Ti see fogosa he mana et ie. ES oras ner, ad jeta
Cu as serlo! ng oe beac? md ns se pag A218 he
Mopars.

ag + fit = stop in order 1 do something - -
Sop 1 smell eases
Can you stp to lok up some coclts fe te pry?
09 + grand stop a ongoing action
‘Stop over-schedlng nd spend quay me wit nds ad fay.
‘You need to stop worrying so much, Former

EZ complete each sentence with a gerund o an infinitive
1. 1M never forge (travel) abroad for the firs ime.
2. When I feel stressed out, remember (put)

3. You need to stop (ty) to do everything at once,
4. IF forget (send) a card for a flend's birthday, I try to remember (al)
5. We forgot buy) flowers, so we stopped (pick up) some on the way tothe party

6. I remember (celebrate) holidays with my family when Iwas young.

| GRAMMAR EXCHANGE + Now suggest ways to enjoy life more.

Pair Work. Write a lst of suggestions on your -
‘notepad for what someone can do to enjoy lie Stop worrying about the small things
more. Use remember forget and stop.

(Group Work. share your ideas wth your
| clas. Creat a list of suggestions that everyone
agrees with

Describe people’s
personalities

2

E © CONVERSATION SNAPSHOT

Az Have you had a chance to meet the
new manager?

Liz? Actually no. Have you?
+ Not yet. I wonder what she's ike,

Well everyone says she's bad news.
y You know, you can't believe

‘everything you hear. She might tum
out to be areal sweetheart,

CONVERSATION!

@ Rhythm and intonation practice

sy to get along wih | makes people work extremely hard

aaa someon sot md | grant someone sb m
1

a am player meme ah ot VS | Taworkahaie someone a as vorne
FRS ere rap

D a a |

D eer rs ee

cine problems that are iu for thers | LL
mo ‘a wise guy someone who says or does
‘people person someone who Mies ting | nnoying thing. especialy o make himself oF
A and works well hater people oe tg, opt es

B 9 Listening Comprehension. Listen carefully to the conversations about peoples.
personalities. nfr which expression the speaker would use to describe the person.

1. The woman thinks that Shelly is
aasweetheart b.abrain © a pain in the neck

2. The woman thinks that Petr is
a-aworkaholic ba tyrant € a team player

3. The man thinks that Paul is
ama tesmplayer bapeopleperson € awhe guy

6 wur

I Word skills. classifying by positive and negative meaning. Filin the diagram with
the adjectives inthe box, Decide which adjectives describe personales positively negatively. oF
both. Add other adjectives you know.

annoying funny Tovable outgoing ly
essygoing hardworking modest professional smart
friendly helpful nervous reliable talkative
fun impolite offensive serious unfair
Positive Both Negative

EB Pair Work. with a partner, write adjectives from the chart you think match each of the
personality types. More than one answers possible. Explain your choices.

1, asweetheart
2. ateam player

3. a brain

4, a pain in the neck
5. atyrant

6. a wise guy

7. a people person
8. a workaholic

{conversion STARTER + Now describe people's personalities.

Pair Work. Describe the personalities of people you know, using the
‘vocabulary fiom page 6 and other adjectives. Give specific examples
Lo explain.

Role Play. Role play a conversation about a person you
havent met yet. Use the Conversation Snapshot on page 6 5
a guide. Startle this “Have you had a chance to meet...

READING

25 Compare perspectives on life

ED Reading Warm-up. Look at the glass of water. Do you see the glass as
alffullor all empty? What does that say about your perspective on lie?

EI G Reading. Read the article about optimism. How do optimists

and pessimists respond to problems diferent?

by Kall Muro, MES, Psychotherapist
Have you ever wondered why some people fel down and
defeated when faced with felt tutions, we others fee
alrged and hope? These different ations re ue to how
Prople nepeteints-nhether they nk poste om an
‘optimistic vewpoint o ep. om a peste venal.
Optimists and Pessimists

The difference between opis and pessimist a difference
ile apes be ho pe eve pons
to problem. or example. an optmst who gone though
3 fad time feels confident that Le wil get better whe à
eses mese cyl and bebeve Le wil hay e fi
and pond. Pests tend o expect the mort and see any
problems, Opis, contorted wih the sae Stun espe
the best. Vila pest may ge up, an opti wil ok on
‘the bright side ad steno sega problem wi se solia.

‘The Pros and Cons
‘There are pos and cost both aps and pes. A bel
ose lapin can de oping and opel we ahy dose
of pes can be etic nd wie Achieving a blac of being
resi opel nt away ey.

Staying Optimistic
Wie we cn lean fem beth opis and pes, mest of
15 need help bere. optimistic. Mantanig à opel postive,
ye east pespetve the face of hard tines can Bea real
Salenge-one mary ae fae tht nom in the wold—but ls
seal 10 Ivo peaceful and happy. jst a important
10 recoge wtf rst and ur nour es and the ward,
"Rs important to see the beauty, oe, pesos, and goers
ave

ussion.

Sauce yr Soano

1. Do you agree with the author that “most of us need help being optimistic”? How do you think
people can avoid negative thinking? Describe experiences from your own life

2. In your opinion, ae there times when optimism can be bad, or when pessimism can be good? Explain.

E Pair Work. How optimist or pessimistic do you think these people are? Rate them on scale of 1105
(1 being very optimistic and 5 being very pessimistic). Circle the number. Explain your answers,

Le had ome ba
Ithinkcan keep things) | Iuytolokenthe | | Indiiffkulihen | experiences but think
Inpespecive. iuymet | brehtside.ihmkit; things gettough. | | theyvemademe more
{othinknegaiveh but betertotytosee sometimes fel reste nota
Timreblsticaboutthe | asoluenintendef | Complreyhopeles | pese ohope forthe
things lent change. | seenga problem. Hjostdontexpect” best god things
| AN thingstoget bette, do app,

EA UAT E ES izes aes BIOL

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now compare perspectives on life.

Step 1. Complete the survey.

ae
negative or positive perspective?

1. Yow wakeup inthe mide ofthe igh win 5. hen a end fet down. ou
2 Stomachache. Your frst thought f= Biene
understand and no offer support
DD m sure its nothing” & tol! him or her about your problems too.

D +11 take some medicine” ED tel him or her how much worse it
‘ED *1 think | should go to the doctor" could be.
2. You apply for your “perfect” job, but you 6. Your boss asks you out to lunch. You think.

ont get it. You think «= - 5
1 must be geting a rise
DD “Never mind. N find something else.” Soin

D "Thats realy unta an ‘
GD ques. never get he ob | want ee

3. When you are introduced to someone ctedly mocks on your

new yous .
@ “ wonder which fiend is dropping by.
UD make trends easy with that person. penca peto

"warm up" 1 ral person gladly. A
ID male nt person prove oyo tat he or =f so anew Kom
‘she is likable, =

A News about crime or disasters makes you

* door: you think +

‘Ada up your points.

3.10 aan pi vas se ls a
UD want to do something to het. 1 1a ea bitoni Yi ve ea
TD realze that sometimes bad things happen. 15-21 Vai pei. You tend tose te gas a empty.

D feel unsafe and depressed.

Step 2. Pair Work. Compare and explain your responses
to the survey items. Does your score describe you and
your perspective on fe? Why or why not?

Step 3. Discussion.

1. In your opinion, in order to succeed, how
important is your perspective on life? Do you
think is better o be optimistic pessimistic,
‘or somesshere in the middle? Explain

2. Read the quotation by Winston Churchill.

Do you agree with him? Why or why not?

The pessimist sees dificult
im every opportunity. The optimist ees
the opportunity in every dificlo:

Winston Churchill
rush Prime Minister
(9874-1965)

3

LISTENING!

EY © Listening Comprehension. Listen

Share a life-changing experience

10 each person aking aboutalife-changing
experience, Then choose the best answer to
complete each statement

1. The most significant experience ofthe

first speaker's life was when he
became a father

ba began working
traveled to another country
4. got married

2. The second speaker’ fe changed
when she
a. got a ultime job
bs had a baby
€ got more feee time
4. got married
3. The third speaker's perspective on lie
changed when he
a. lost his home in à fre
bo lost his job
€ got divorced
had à serious illness

EI © Understanding Meaning from Context. Read the statements. Then listen again to

infer hat each speaker means.
When the ist speaker says, “Iwas really able
to sce other people's points of view,” he means
that

he could understand how other people feel
about things
bh met people of different nationalities

2. When the first speaker says, “It was areal eve
opener for me,” he means that
a. the experience was a bit cary
bo the experience taught him alot
3. When the second speaker says, “It hit me that I
was responsible for her” she means that
‘she realized she had to take care of her baby
bo she regretted she had to take care of her baby

4 When the second speaker says, “Hts
finitely a life-altering experience,” she
means that

the experience is not rewarding

the experience changes a person

5. When the third speaker says, “That put things
in perspective,” he means that
a. he realized some things are not so
important
bead to work day in and day out
6. When the third speaker says,
‘the big picture, he means
a. he understood what was really important
inlite
bo he realized how much he had lost

"You sort to se

BB Discussion. in your own words, summarize each person’ life-changing experience from
‘the lstening, Which persons experience can you identify with Ihe most? Why?

10 uns

f
DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now share a life-changing experience.

Step 1. Pair Work. what are some experiences that can change a
persons perspective on life? Complete thelist with your partner.

the birth of à chile

Step 2. Think aboutalifechanging experience you have had, “A atisastor
Take notes about on your notepad. rare!

‘What was the experience? When di it happen? Where?

How did the exporionce change your perspective? How did you fel at he une?

Step 3. Group Work. Share your life-changing experience with your classmates. Explain
‘how this experience changed your perspective on life.

“tastyearmy mother had seriou nes. tray put

thing perspective forme ithe disagreemens
vets hadin the post seemed so unimportant”

Step 4. Writing. On a separate sheet of paper write a paragraph about life-changing
‘experience you have had.

Writing: Describe personality types

The paragraph
A paragraph consists of sentences about one topic. The most
important sentence in a paragraph she topie sentence, i
Is usually the first sentence and introduces the topic of 8
paragraph, For example

‘Workaholies lead unbalanced lives.

Morkaholtes Yeas unbalanced tives.
They spend al) their energy on er
work. They rarely take tine to relax
and let their ings rest. 1 boos

An ei ii ai supporting SOS CET because ay father was a workaholic.
(lr pk a ne rio and he worked every day af the

facts—must be relate tothe tple presented in the week. We hardly ever saw nim. Even
tye rien he was not at work, we knew he
ee sr voz thinking about work. He seed
as a ag ter cedo [never to think of anything cise
strc cede enn ea In summary. not snowing how te
Seen m begann Sscape From work makes it astficult
= Inconclusion for a workaholic to find Belance re

Step 1. Prewriting. Brainstorming ideas. We atopic sentence fr each personality type.

team players tyrants wise guys

2
3.

‘Now choose one of your topic sentences. On a separate sheet Workaholics lead unbalanced Ives.

of paper generate ideas you could use to support the topic. -ahrays think about work

„can? relax
Step 2. Writing. On a separate sheet of paper wie 2
Paragraph about the personality type you chose in Step 1, Make sue al the supporting
sentences relate tothe topic. End with a concluding sentence.

Step 3. Self-Check.
i Does your paragraph have a topic sentence?
Do the supporting sentences in your paragraph al relate to the topic?
i Do you have à concluding sentence?

12 unr

EX © Listening Comprehension. ustento the people aking abou hei eactions o
‘vensin the news. Decide each speaker an optimist. a pest or areal,

4 John. 2. Susan 3. Matt

EB iow read the statements. Write the name of the person from the listening who is most
likely to have sid each statement. Listen gain necessary.
“You've got tobe practical. There wil be some problems in ie that you can solve and
some that you can't. What's important is realizing when something is beyond your
Control. Then it’s beter just to move on.”
2. “Lifes full of hard times. You just have to accept the fact that bad things happen and
‘ow that there's very te you can do about i.”
3. “IES important to see a problem as both a challenge tobe faced and as an opportunity
for success. Difficult experiences can make a person strange”

I complete each conversation with 2 personality ype.
1. Ar Looks like Ihave to work overtime again tonight. My supervisor just gave me three
projects to complete by the end of the day
Youre kidding. He sounds like areal ñ
Az You know, without Sarahs help, I would never have completed that presentation
in time.
8: Tell me about it. She really helped me out with my sales campaign last month. She's
such
3. ArTomis really a | ran into im in the pack last weekend, and he was siting on
‘a bench and working on that report
8: Yeoh, thats Tom allright. He never stops!
2 At I don't think ll had a very good timo atthe party
‘evening,
Well, ill doesn’ feel comfortable in social situations. She's just nota
Have you heard the news? My daughter Audrey got a perfect score on her entrance exam
to lane school
8: Congratulations! T always knew she would do well in school. She's such a
6. At Im so tired of Ken. The other day I made a mistake at the computer lab a school, and he
‘sid something that rally made me fel dumb.
8: Donit et it get to you. Everybody knows he's a Justo

she didnt say a word the whole

Lo ignore him.

I ona spin het of pape adie or ech peon Wiehe ue atop working to mich

D Severs up amber and get wi ndo fis. —

| 1. Samantha has a demanding job and works lng hours. When she filly gels home she's
nn. She spends al reckend tying 10 ch up on howevork and shopping

| 2, Michal sponds most ofthe day at the computer. Some days he doesn't even get outside
‘except to walk tothe bus stop. On the weekends, he just watches alot of TV.

3. Philip isa single father with thece kids, and he travel a lot for his company. He fels his kids.
are growing up so fost that he hardly ever sees them.

4. Marisa has been using her credit cords a lot lately and she can't keep wp with the monthly
payments. And now: she's having a hard timo keeping up sth al hr Bil

3

Musical Moods

EY Topic Preview. Look at the eviews from the music website

EI Discussion.
un did you find the most appealing? Why? Which musical genres in

interest yo Ihe most?
2. Can you think of other artists for each gene

I © sound Bites. Read and isten to
à conversation betwen two fiends
Comparing musical tases.

TANIA: Wow You've got quite a CD collection!

KEN: I guess so. Let's put something on,

TANIA: Got any jazz?

KEN: How about some Gato Barbier? Ive got
Fenix

TANIA: Actually his saxophone playing kind of
gets on my nerves on that one.

KEN: Real? Im totally into hie, Fenixis one of
my alltime favorites.

TANIA: Yeah but it pretty hard to dance 10.

KEN: Well have you heard some of his ter stuff?

TANIA: No,whatS ite?

KEN: les got more of Latin fel. I definitely
‘get the party stared

TANIA: Oh yeah? Lets give taste

El in Other Words. Read the conversation
again. With a partner, explain the meaning
of each ofthe following statements or
questions.

1. “You've got quite a CD collection.”
2. “Lets put something on.”

3. “His saxophone playing kind of ets on my nerves on that one”
4, “Tim totally into him.

5. “Have you heard some of his later stuff”

6. “Tell definitely get the part

7. “Lets give ita listen”

started.”

STARTING POINT

at recordings are your all-time favorites? Complete the char

Artist or group Genre of music

Pair Work. Takwitha partner (ym exam Coupuy

about the musicin your chart.

‘Compare your musical tastes. A _) (-werckusvaly gets on my nerves but
»S maybe give ten somatime”

15

1 Describe the music you listen to

Yous Dour

EI © CONVERSATION SNAPSHOT

Az So what have you been listening to lately?
Mostly world music. Ever heard of Youssou N

think so, He's from Senegal, right?

Thats right.

Az You know, I've actually never heard his music
What's he like?

8: Well, he's gota terrific voice and a unique sound.
F be happy to lend you a CD if you'd lke.

[Allright thanks, HI lt you know what think

CONVERSATION!

{beat the rhythm ofa piece of music sound the particular style or quality ofan
That song has gra beat ou can dance to. artist’ or group's music
ds ofa song The band crested a nes and exciting sound,
cy lyrics make you oat to ing long. voice the quality of sound produced when
the order of notes in a musical piece onesings

"His son as an unforgetable melody. ‘She is a nn soprano oie

El Grammar. The present perfect and the present perfect continuous: Words nd ptrases used
finished and unfinished actions ee erect
Finished actions sod eer never yet
‘Use the present erect nt ie present erect continues, when an action I completes non tice tee tne
atan unspecie ime nthe post. (Remember hat acen completed ata specie tine nH many...

the past requir the simple past ese)
Fre at nerd at CD. thes esta
ow many es ave yu een Youssou IDOL In cocer
Te seni ice, Aa mtr fat st si ast week ead mem ot
“ed tn untied actions

vor recon tied actor on emp. pon
AA E
‘when results can still be seen. Là ?

“nerve been pacing. Lie an pt he tuners aay Bay mors

Untnished or continuing actions
Use the present perfect OF the present pere continuous o dns ations that began
inte pas, continue nto the present an may conve Into the Future.

ave you tones t sy ar ey? OR Hove you Ben isting 1 an zz ty? paa

I tend 1 Setiore ce was a cn. OR Ive Been sein o Bective se as a chi

16 wura

E reautne semences. Wie fhe action ished. Wit Ui the cio unio conning

1. He's played with their band for almost 5. Ladysmith Black Mambazo hast been
ten years. playing many concerts lately
2. Cactano Veloso has made dozens {6 Have you ever gone to a classical
of recordings. concert?
3. They've never heard of Alexandre 7. How many times have you heard
Pires Carmina Burana?
4. We've been listening to that CD all day: 8. They've played Brahms’ First
Let's play something different Symphony twice this year

Ed complete the biography of Vanessa-Mae with the simple past tense, the present
perfect o the present perfect continuous. Use he present perfect continuous
ifthe action is unfinished or continuing,

Vanessa-Mae muse since she was litle gr.
Bor in Singapore on October 27,1978, she be

fist plano lesson at the age of three. A year later, she
taking violin lessons, and when she was just ten yeats old, she

er concert debut withthe London Philharmonic.

Since then, Vanessa Mac ‘numerous classical
recordings, butit was in 1994 that she the fed of
Pop music with The Violin Player. The album immediately extremely

popular with pop and clasica! music fons
In more recent years, she : ‘with other pop artists such as Annie Lennox,
Janet Jackson, and Prince. Vanessa-Mae’ her audiences for over a decade,

and she continues to astonish them with her innovative sound,

CONVERSATION STARTER + Now describe the music you listen to.

‘Write some ofthe musical antss or bands you've been listening to lately.

Arist or band ‘What you ike
Etoile de Dakar great aance beat
Art or band ‘What you like
Pair Wor

Find out what your partner has been listening to lately. Ask what he or he kes oF
doesnt ike about the musi. Use the Conversation Snapshot on page 16 sa guide. Start ike his:
“So what have you been listening to lately?”

Explain the role of music in your life

EI © GRAMMAR SNAPSHOT. Read the commentaries and notice the use of noun clauses.

| 3 E&
aw

Its my open hat mus sa kind
Franky contagio what y Srimermetena language ae,

GEANMAR,

Nieweabetewiteamne | | Seapaigcowmese in colar er
tet ee meine | | anna nee

day, tengo musi show get Snleymen of muslo is universal hater or po param sot rent
teens tama | | Tam reas | | sere D cm tt

Fine sty prosuewe. A ne
‘reg what aps me uns,

{Downe Vase on open des or

happens ding he day “Guedes
eu every you 9 he wor i

[EI Discussion. Do any of the comments above ring true for you? Why or why not?

noun cause ca bein wi at

| Gi Grammar. Noun clauses Aronian coon a

| Ancum clause canbe a subject à dire bjct an arc bc, CAL yw
2 Subject complement othe bjt ofa pape. oes

ta hem they coud ly ta

Whatever happens during the day comes etn my mus. sc) Mog tor son.
ed a me
pen Dee) Ken
eu era

een cas pan

They es neta we cul recommend some geod recording, aba

The viernes that e concerto was quit el po. men a noun cause se dret be

A novn cause cn also be inrodued by ment, humeves, or whatever, ‘he word at may Do rite

manie any person r any in, À ne wos e emy
meer can combi hip-hop wth pop sue tb ai. Mensa muse.

Te anesceavay ves whatever they ay.

own causes ote lo phrases wit impersonal subjects, Pepe)

Its my epic that muses a Kin International language, rota, Do der re ces
In writing, sujet sun causes are ete preceded by phrase sven dinning win question rés
5 heft thee, to. NOT Tray aka her ho he

Te ac that enjoyment of muse universal quo tres Tr her voce ob so beaut,

18 unre

EI introduce each noun clause with that if- whether ‘or nat), or a question word.

1. és his opinion classical musics boring ~
2. Buying old records is 1 spend my Saturday aftemoons. |
3. Yin having fu recaling and played atthe dance
. "ike most it take a ot bath while listen to music
5. Did they il you the concert would star? I don’ want to be ate
6. Lean’ realy tll you Like some pieces of musi. Maybe i's because
they remind me of songs my mother sang to me wher was à child
7. Rober asked me Thad bought tickets yet
8 She can't imagine she would do without music

I complete each statement with a noun clause that represents each question.
1. I don’t know <=
2, Thave no idea
3. She told me
4. Tdon’t know
5. Ymnotsure

GRAMMAR EXCHANGE + Now explain the role of music in your life.

Pair Work. Read te folowing quotations end underine the
oun clauses. Casi each noun clause by its grammatical
function within the sentence subject, direct objec, et).
"Then discuss the meaning of exch quotation.

Restate each in your

“The audience knows when theyre
Just listening to notes and when theyre
tray listening to music
Sarah chang US vost

Discussion. Explain the role of music in your life. Do you sten to music at
speci times during your day? What sorts of music do you ste to? Try to
use noun clauses to explain your ideas.

19

READING!

Describe a creative person

(2 Vocabulary. Dese

ing creative personalities.

Positive qualities
sit page mar y conn
Een ve

"Sry ac, st aa ect
ce enna opens weg et
Inada Dong race oS

Reading Warm-up.
Doyouagree?

sten and practice.

Negative qualities
{etl sta rit ay pun
{tt stato rro ps

ORO uy ses seais veas ony
ta oir ars a lts one
rn o see

cis often sid that gifted people have eccentric or dficut personales

1 © Reading. Read the short biography. What effet did Beethovens personality have on his fe?

Beethoven:,

A Passion for

rn 1770 So, Geary, Ludvig van Beton stared

laying te lam ae h as ls pas. By e tine
waste, is cd rc had aa campos his rt
eee of muse. When Buetow was ut se, e wero
‘tua Vena Asta, ent center European cal e
nome 1 oc am ad puse asin a
compners le paros. Bein pod gts paris
‘and a agave compose:

Brenn remember is get gens huso or
tas sor and erat. non moss net,
Beben became o use ia mater at he empre pte
ln ove rans ead, Despite ths pe leas, many
in muses ad astra cres mis Beethoven and muse
loves were nays Bets gets spre’. Ts ct
98 ot event m om od is tempe wit ano arte of
them. Hower, because os ter, Beever Hands away
rss ts and 009 Tempera

Ben aso posts econ bahar. He
cen wad Bro he ss Vera mute 1 st
nd sage ise. He complet epee is pera
amparan; is es wal gets ey tha is end mon
ane an take Dem any dig ag. When hy replaced
‘el bes win now cows, Behe eve ated te
‘ieee,

Aug Beeboren was especie an tite y is audencn,
he as concept tem. Beeren ol ey

20 uma

Music

te pan so beauty
some stn ces.
home: when es
is as ey, Bon
ony tte ands
they me os. He
a o posal ati
peor ae nene
"prin, wos
‘op ard wah aay

reborn rte o
amos works, Moon Sona and FE, fr to eet
‘oman he ved. a vas ast vas nv, en wih 2
‘woman owas ara mare ras. lt even.
sed several women to mary in, ty aed i, But
the mat ap aspect of Bester He was is radia ss
feng, Dg net ters ut e was compite
‘at Bere sena hs hz gr more, erre
ou e et an product; is rare at
Female ense, a 2udenes red his mus. a 1828
Beton hi st pub pertemarc is anes Ninh
Smprry y is te, e maestro was comple el Wen
he was tr run oh ol sete ering apse athe
oud ot eas, einen en oy

‘Beebe odin Vera 1827 age even. nec
ofan el os Vena cane o anar

Source: rn lsicalcivecon

[E Pair Work. Read each fact about Beethoven. Discuss which adjectives from the vocabulary
you think best describe his behavior and actions. Complete the statements,

1. Beethoven was already publishing music
and caming a salary atthe age of twelve.
He was very

2. Becthoven once told a prince, "There
will be thousands of princes. There is
‘only one Beethoven.” He could be quite

3. Beethoven would work long hours
‘composing and never seemed to tire. He
was always when he
Performed for his audiences,

4. Beethoven had many close friends who
trie to help him with his problems. He
continually pushed them away and refused
their assistance. He was considered to be a

person.

5. Beothoven became frustrated when he began
to lose his heaving. While socializing with his
friends, he would often have sudden bursts of
anger. He could be rather

6. Beethoven said that his music expressed what
‘was inside of him and that he had no choice
but to compose, He wasa
composer.

7. Beethoven's attention to feeling in his music
began a now "style different in some ways
from Baroque music, which was popular atthe
time. His compositions were

8. Beethoven's friends thought he could be

at times. For example, when
The made coffee, he used to count out exactly
sixty beans for each cup.

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now describe a creative person.

Step 1. Pair Work. Rate your own personality ona scale of 0103,

(Compare your answers witha partner’.

= etat a
tes mine
sitet coer roy (

2 somewhat
pa]

32 een
‘magiatne

“Timan extremely passionate person.
{think ely important rolove what
ou da What aboutyouz"

Step 2. Discussion. Read the quotations from three famous musicians. Which one do you find the
‘most interesting? After reading the quotations,how would you describe each musicians personality?

se nothing seperate fom me,
Iria me... Youd hac orm

| ER

“Msi il ave e word“

“Tre antdone anyone you can
name-Mozar, Beeren, Bach,
Sres. Ieing Beri, he wrote

11001 tune. I wrt 5,500

Step 3. Writing. On a separate sheet of paper write a brief biography of a creative person you know. Describe
his orher personality. Explain how he persons creativity s related to his or her personal and achievements.

2

2, Discuss the benefits of music

ES © Listening Comprehension. Read the questions, Then listen to
Pat ofa takabout an unusal use of musi. isu the questions
wth partner

1. What does De Schmidt do?
2. What sorts of people does she work with?
Esplin how she works with hese people

EI © heat tne questions. Then sten to Part 2 ofthe tk and
answer the questions

1. What are the four benefits Dr Schmidt talks about?

2. What is one example of each?

»
a

Discussion.
1. Can you think of any other
benefits of music therapy?
2. Can you think of anyone
who might benefit fom.
music therapy?
lso, how?

22 unr?

EI word Skills. Using participial adjectives

The present and past participle forms of many verbs function as adjectives
‘The past participle has a passive meaning. Most sentences using past participles
can be restated with a by phrase.

“The patient is depressed. = The patient is depressed [by his life)

Vm bored. = Ym bored [by his movie]
“The present participle does not have a passive meaning. Most sentences using
present participles can be restated with an active verb.

That book is depressing. = That book depresses [everyone]

If so boring, = Itbores [me]

BI circle the correct adjective to complete the sentence about music therapy.
1. Music can make patients fel (ane / relaxing).
2. Listening to music makes patients fe) les (doprssed/ depressing).
3. Patents ind some types of muse tobe very (soothed / soothing
4. For patients in physical pain, the benefits of musi an be (surprised / suprising)
5. Studies show that a student’ ability to lean i (stimulated / stimulating by muse
6. For patients with emotional problems, music an be very comforted / comfort)
7. Many doctors report they are (pleased / pleasing) by the effect music has on thei patents
8. Many patients say that music therapy is (entertined/ entertaining) ms

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now discuss the benefits of music.

Step 1. Pair Work. What do you

think are some benefits music Bonet, Bamples
brings 0 peoples ives? Makea 15/2 man de soothing. paying aie gh
ews pen ng mesio at work can rejas
People 0 they're more prometía
Benefit =

Examples

Step 2. Group Work. Present your ideas to the class. Comment on your classmates’ ideas.

Writing: Describe yourself

Parallel structure
Ina par ora series be sure to use parallel structure. Al the words phrases, or clauses should be in the same form.

Incorrect Correct

He's a compose, singer and a violinist. He's a composez a singer and a violinist.
(article no article, article) (article arce article)

OR He's composer singer, and violinist
(one article fra three)

Tlike dancing, painting, and to sing. Tike dancing, painting, and singing,
(erund, gerund infinitive) (gerund. gerund, gerund)

OR Tike to dance, to paint, and to sing.
Clive infinie, finite)
OR Like to dance, paint, and sing.

(one to foralltee)

‘The picture was framed, examined, and they sold it. | The picture was framed, examined, and sold,
(passive passive active) (passive, passive, passive)

ike people who have the same interests as Ido, | Tike people who have the same interest as do,
make me laugh, or who like outdoor sports who make me laugh, or who like outdoor sports.
(cause verb phrase clause) (clause, cause clause)

OR I ike people who have the same interests as
1 do, make me laugh, o like outdoor sports.
(verb phase verb phrase verb phrase)

| error conrecrion RE

Step 1. Prewriting. Clustering ideas. have always boon a relaxed, passionate, and been

ookat theideauserbelow. Ona a meody person, love rara
separate sheet of paper create your Y person. I love traveling to meet new people,
‘wn idea cluster, Draw a cicle and write *R4 learning about new places. 1 have been to
MEinsidet. Then wrteanyidessthat interesting places;

cometo mind in eles around the main ing places; for example, Ihave b

on op of Mount

(ide. Expondesch new ea incude __ Kilimanjaro, have gone ice fishing with Eskimos in lash,
hobbies accompshments places you d
Pa traveled interests goals ete

‘and lode on a camel in Morocco, These were some of

Step 2. Writing. Ona separate sheet of paper write a
paragraph describing yoursel using the information
from your cluster. Make sure o se parallel structure

Step 3. Self-Check.
7 Did you use parle! structure with pairs or series
‘of nouns adjectives and adverbs?
D Did you use parallel strcture withthe causes,
phrases and tenses?
Does the topic sentence introduce the topic of
24 unit the paragraph?

BY © Listening comprehension. steno the conversos about musica preferer
Deremine ech person tes the air row, Check he appropriate boo boss Then en

unit 2 CHECKPOINT

summr

again and write what the person kes (voice, melody, ic, beat, or sound)
the man the woman whathe orshelikes

Andrea Bocelli o
2 Cato Barbieri a
a
a
5. Antonio Carlos Jobim. a

o
0
0
0
0

[EL Complete the statements with an appropriate adjective rom the box.

‘ccentric egotistical energetic gifted moody — passionate

2
2
4

Sarah isa very musician. She started playing the piano when she was three,
My neighbor has thiety cas. You could say he's a bit

. Franco is an extremely person. He only thinks of himself

. Dalin is so lately. She gets angry at the smallest thing,

EL Circle the correct form of the verb to complete the paragraph.

Sandile Khemese (1. has played / played) the voli sine he was a child in Johannesburg,
South Africa. In 1989, Sandie (2. formed / has formed) the Soweto String Quartet with

his brothers, Reuben and Thami, and their friend, Makhosini Mnguni. The group

(3. played / has played) at President Nelson Mandela inauguration in 1994. The Soweto
String Quartet (4. won / has won) many music awards in South Africa, including Best New

Artist. They (5. have recorded / have been recording) a number of sucessful CDs. In recent

years, the Quartet (6. has been giving / gave) concerts all around the world

EI underine the noun clause in each sentence. Write whether its a subject a direct object subject

complement oran object of preposition.

. That's why Jorge likes only pop music

5. They liste to whatever music is playing

believe that without muse life wouldn't be as much fun
2 Whatever's playing on the radio is fine with me.

Do you know here some good music is playing?

25

UNIT GOALS

Money Matters

EI Topic Preview. Read these financial tips
Do you think you have a high financial 10?

3 Describe yur spencing hs

PREVIEW

Three Tips for a
High Financial IQ

1. Spend less than you earn.
The ey to weak is Iving below your
means. Ifyou make $500,000 a ear and
Spend ital youre not ieh—you ust ave a
lot of suit Ajob lose or serious lines could
ip you out ma ew wets, Your neighbors
io make $50 000 and ive on $40,000 are
‘much weather Fortunate with today
technology keeping a budget has never been
easier Ives nancial planning sofware
that allows you to add up your income and
expenses and keep a recor ol your spending

2. Have a savings program.
Stan saving cry. ou invest $30 a week for
40 years and cam 9% interest, you wi end up
‘wth $1,026.53. People spend because they
feta good (ein rom spending money. You
Ean get hat same good feling rom patine
our money aay in savings.

3. Pay off your credit cards.
Cee cn cn wonder things. You
can est oursel 0 4 spa eat or gourmet
ine vito voi heer ys ve he
ash o pay fort The downside, o cœur, I
tha credit ears lt many people Ive beyond
their means. So use credit ear, bu pay he
bol fl each month

“Source: USA TODAY, December 31, 1999. Reprinted with permission.

E Discussion. which ip do you thinkis the most importan one to follow? Why?
Can you think ofany others?

26 rs

EI © sound Bites. Read and listen toa conversation between
tho frends about saving money

DAVID: Hey new entertainment system! What did you do—strke rich?
JUDY: I wish! No, saved up fr it
DAVID: Theres no way could do that. Too many bil.
JUDY: tknow what you mean. My credit card bills used to be totally
out ofhand,
DAVID: Really? Then how did you manage to save up that cash?
JUDY: Wel just decided i waste t start ving within my means,
‘cut way back on my spending
DAVID: Wasnt that hard?
JUDY: Kind of But Fm glad ii

EL Pair Work. Discuss the questions and explain your answers,

a Es
STARTING POINT

oca

EZ ===

| = u

te a

2.| D trey ponent ie eee ra |
mm 0 genes |
5: | D Lalways have enough money for what I need. | O 1can't make ends meet! |

Pair Work. Compare your answers with a partners. Who do you think has the higher financial IQ?

27

2/2 Talk about your financial goals

EX © GRAMMAR SNAPSHOT. Read the interview responses and notice how future plans are expressed.

What are your short-term and long-term financial goals?

He trea ha me y ana pee
tbr arto be verte ent fe
see By nxt year, hae te have gotten
{goed eb ava francia constant. Tate
A oro goa My ner go?
(plan te have reached as trans

GRAMMAR

add tag
BE; as
a saan) een
en | Serena
Seton tae manne [Isere
es o | mimes
o ON |
Samen te ee
Sie Beinen | | mes

(mens. Once ve sates Enga pent plan ony lora. Then.t | | Seen aa te
Sioa to rra Fe Va! bythe in ie oc
LEE have pid bac eveything owe

= | Sn ES

EI Discussion. How similar are you to any ofthe people in the Grammar Snapshot?
Do you share any ofthe goals they mentioned? If not, what are some of your goals?

Grammar. Future plans and finished future actions

Future plans
xpress general future plans with ec, hoe Ind or la and an tive.
We hope 1 start pte some money away.
1’ pan 1 be tray dependent or o reso! mye
Use the perfect rm o an infinite to expos that an eon wl or might ak place
before species me nthe fut
1 ti mene yar plan o ha saved up enough cash toby a new ca
Me a have al o ar dh in yer,
Finished future actions
‘Use ie future perfect 1a inate an cion that wl be completed by a epee ine nthe ft

"y ret er | wl ave completed my sui bt war have gain mars
ow much wl youve saved by net month?

Usa the present perfect nan aderil louse to stingush between completos future action

and one that wi fw
Once le competed my tes, ge mamis.
Fi ging Sp wen Pe isos y er

BE CAREFUL! Dont use etre pret in the veria aus, ee

NOT Fm gig stoping when areas yep.

EE complete the paragraph about Ms. Kempers future plans. Use expect, hope, intend, or plan and
“nine form ofthe ver

Jessica Kemper business school this semester, and then she
2 2 job in the financial industry: However, Ms. Kemper has alot of debt
to repay. She's borrowed some money from her parents and some fom the bank, but she
‘everyone back as soon as she can. She a paretimejob to
help make ends meet while she's paying off her deb.

[EL complete the paragraph about Mr Randalls future plans. Use expect hone intend or plan and a

perfect form of the infinie.
Paul Randall has been “drowning in debt” so he's decided to make some changes in his
financial habits By the end of this month, he realistic budget that he can
follow: As a matter of fact, he ‘one of his lat credit cards by October
In addition, he putting some money away in savings. Ihe can stick to his
budget he most of his debt within the year

dona separate sheet of paper, use the cues to write sentences with the future perfect.
1, By the end ofthis month / 1 / put 10 percent of my paycheck in the bank.

2. By the summer / I / save enough to go to Italy
3. you / pay off your credit card balance by December?
4. When / they / pay the bill in ful? NT

r
| GRAMMAR EXCHANGE + Now talk about your financial goals.

‘Write your short term and long-term financial goals on our notepad.

ea ao
ony ei
o y mear

Pair Work. Describe your future financial goals o your partner.

9) thetimeroduate¡hopeto he
soved enough to buy anew co

Express buyers remorse

EI © CONVERSATION SNAPSHOT

Y Hey, heard you got an Etec MP3 player. Lucky you!
Be Well, tel you the truth, I coul kick myself
Aw
1: had no idea it would be so hard to operate
I took me hours to figure out how to download a song
A: What paint
B: You're telling me. Had I known, I would have gotten a
iferent brand

do you mean?

4) Rhythm and intonation practice

EI © Vocabulary. Expressing buyer's remorse. Listen and practic.

J

Icostsso muchto Ittakesupsomuch _ ssohardie
‘maintain room. operate

KB © Listening Comprehension. Listen t the conversations in which people regret having
19 the reason fr buyers emorse

bought something. Complete each statement by infer

1. He's sorry he bought it because

it costs so much to maintain", ittakes up so much room

2. She's sorry she bought it because

3. She sory she bought it because

4. He's sorry he bought it because

5. She's sorry she bought it because

sohard tooperate is so hard to put together
it takes up so much room bo just sits around collecting dust
just sits around collecting dust b, ¡és so hard to put together

os o much to maintain i's so hard to operate

EI Grammar. The past unreal conditional: inverted form
Past une eondiieal an be stated without. vert ag and the subject
Had own ould ke up 20 mich rom, -» Haß kam oud ake up So much om,

Tr hve bog noué are buon
mit ae ten amer band Thad -+ might have on anotar brand nad ul
realized two bes ar oper nos ore para,
Item hag been 5D we coco > Had we not Beans busy, we col have
Shoppes roues stopped vom.
een tl ey wei toro DU» Ha Den tld ey wou operate WER ay pps
ats, woud pre have considered tees, oud never Pao condos USE NE pot ren
stig the. sting Ben. ‘rr or untrue cordons

rra. |

I ona separate sheet of paper rewrite the following past uneal conditions sentences,
ing he inverted form,
1. They would have lent her the money ifshe had asked
2. If had been debt fre, I would have considered buying that house.
Cason had en able suppor ts sn, he would ave hd to
find a part-time jl
4. Could you have gotten the carif they hadn't raised the price?

Ed Pair Work. make statements of buyer's remorse, using the inverted form
‘ofthe past unreal conditional and the vocabulary.

1. would never have gotten that espresso make,
2. +. we never would have bought such a large sofa

3. ... could have gotten an entertainment conter with fewer pieces.
A. ... we probably would have bought a more economical car.

5. ...Invould have gotten a DVD player with simpler directions.

r =

CONVERSATION STARTER + Now express buyer’s remorse.

| Pair Work. On your notepad, answer
the questions about something you regret
buying. Tell your partner about.

‘What id you buy?

Wy ai you buy 0

Role Play. Role playa conversation
about the item on your notepad. Use the
Conversation Snapshot on page 302 à
guide. Start ike this: "Hey. heard you so, where is
at

Do you st have i?

not har id you do witht?
Would you ever buy a similar em again?
Why er why not?

a

Describe your spending habits

EI & Listening Comprehension. Read the statements,
Then stent a radio cain show and check rue or Fals.

=o ne ne
z 1. Steve finds it hard to save money 50
= 2. Steve bys ala once 0 0
ú 3. Sevespend ls money thanhemakes. © D
= à Sereheabemenaindgitfetieenonis D O
El
EB © out again, Mat the re ps Lar Soo ges
ee?

B Discu:
1. Why do you think Steve has a problem with money?
2. Which tip do you think fs the most useful? Why?

[El © Vocabulary. Describing spending habits. Listen and practice.

nee ‘big spender someone who likes to spend generous willing to give more money, time,
Large amounts of money Ste, than is expected

2 spendthrift someone who spends money
atelessly especially when he or she doesn’t
havea lorofit

cheap / stingy unwilling to spend or give
money, even when one a tof

ADJECTIVES

thrifty / frugal using money carefully and
acheapskate /tightwad someone who ‘wisely ©
does not lke spending money and can be

unpleasant about it

I complete tne sentences about peoples spending habits
1. Can you believe what Martin ist He refused to leave a tip forthe waite!

2. Our grandmother donates to many organizations, She's always been very
with her money

3. Hesso that he wouldn't even lend his own son money

4. George must be wealthy: He's such He always insists on treating his
friends to dinner

5. Ifyou uy tobe more With your money, youl have enough when you
really need it

6. Unless you stop being such soufre going to got deeper in debt

32 wurs

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now describe your spending habits.

Step 1. Pair Work. Fist cl the letter that best completes the statement for you. Then compare
‘yur answers with a partners. Find out if your spending habits are the same or different.

A. buy the CO atthe est store you init.

8 shop sound you tnd te CO on ae
ES borro rom a end,

D: ote 3

2 Youd love state-of the-art big-screen
“TV But you fut don't have the money right

ea tan core e
moco ajos nor en ey
Maio Ei en

A A

you ce en or more De

2. You have lunch with your two best fiends
Your meal was cheaper than theirs. When
the bi comes, you

Step 2. Group Work. Tel your cassmates about your spending habits or your partners

Step 3. Writing. Ona separate sheet of paper descibe your spending habits.

E make à goad Wing, bot 2 hare trouble sticking to a buagot and

ZM Discuss reasons for charitable giving

@ Vocabulary. Charity and investment. Listen and practice.

charity /'feri/ 1. plural charities 1 1C) an vvestment /in'vesmant/ 1. 1 [CU] the

‘organization that gives money, goods, or help ‘money tat people or organizations have put
to People who are poor echo 2 [U] charity Ina company business er bank Ines
‘organizations in general to gota profit orto make a business ac

succesful” 2 [CU] lange amount of time,
comtribution /Konrabsufen/ m. 1 IC) ‘energy emotion te that you spend on something
something hat you give or do in order to help .
Something be succesful 2 IC} anamount of Phamthro-pist /fianOrapist/ n. [C] a rich
money that you give in order to help pay for person who gives money to help people who are
something Poor or che nad mone to do chal things

profit /‘prafit/ n. [C.U) money that you gain by
Selling things or doing business

{cepted rm Longman Aévoned Amencon Dior ©2005.

EI Reading Warm-up. what ae some reasons people donate money? What kinds of people
or organizations get contributions? Why?

[E © Reading. Read the article. What reasons does Paul Newman give for donating to char?

Paul Newman: actor and philanthropist

Pan bn ca ine St eae ete a ps | whee yn egy ae
Dh me asf o Me | oda tesis os | none lema dos
a 10 | se in Mi | sete oes Rt shen
Clg nists Henning US | tn ec
od loe] pl le
| e gg] armen
Spares er ee
1190 enn A tn | Sb ed pce ey ‘toa nt ty dh hes
founded Newmans Own aratforgaét Newman donates 100 percent SEE
Food puts compar. Te companys Ps ofthe pais fom te sl of Paul Newnan does tink hat
id ET ang pare een
mn anios | smc cc md way cn a
Ven ara ibe oporto aed Fre
Rue een ao
Sao | Va dp. Se 1 ~ Biplane
Se | arm macs (A,
En
Mes mos | ot poesie | mm Dolo rt
teen | toot ee be watts | Make fare it
sa re errar
Eh ein Alarme _ or st eae
CRE nu ss | isan”

FT don't look at it as philanthropy.
see it as an investment in the community.”

Source munınenmansanncen
34 wura

B Discussion.
1. Why do you think Paul Newman's fae has helped to sll his products?
2. Do you think thatthe work Newman is doing is making a difference?

3. In your opinion, do famous or wealthy people have a responsibilty to “give back”
for to share what they have with others?

( DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now discuss reasons for charitable giving.

Step 1. Pair Work. Read thelist of possible reasons some people donate money
In your opinion which are good reasons? Explain,

to change society + to give now opportunities to people
2 to fool good about themselves + to satisfy religious beliefs

2 to get publicty or advertising + o other people will thank them
+to say thank you" forpasthelp + so other people will admire them

+ to share what they have with others # other:

Step 2. On your notepad check the people or organizations to whom you might consider making
2 contribution, List your reasons forgiving or nat giving.

People / Organizations Reasons forgiving or not giving

Dahomeless person
Da serious ll person
Dapoltica candidate

Da disaner let agency

Da hospital

Da school ina poor neighborhood
Da hester ora museum
Datocal charity
Daninternationalchariy

Da religious notion

Dotter:

Step 3. Discussion. Talk about the people and
‘organization you would or would not give
money o. Explain your reasons.

Step 4. Writing. Choose one person chat or type of organization people donate money to.
‘On a separate sheet of paper write a paragraph explaining the reasons people have for of
against donating

as

Writing: Explain your financial goals

en

When writing a paragraph, the sentences need to be

Marois reas ani

er eee error, Berk:

Special time order words and expressions help make lan ove win my

poses rauen
ee
hope to open up my own business.
Ferne lern
en
ee
Finally, by the time Ham sixty, wi)
een,
buy a nice weekend house.

Step 1. Prewriting. Listing ideas. Choose topic. Then complete the chart. | fy nem ines gate
a certo bay
pie.

Goal orstep My plan ‘Completion date

Fist,
Then,
ater that,

Falls,

Step 2. Writing. write a paragraph using your notes, Use time order words and
‘expressions to organize the sequence of goals or steps in your paragraph
Remember to write atopic sentence

Step 3. Self-Check.
Di you use time order word or expressions in the paragraph?
Goes the sequence of events in the paragraph make sense?
Goes the topic sentence introduce the topic of the paragraph?

36 unre

EY © Listening Comprehension. Listen ro the conversations about money matters. Then

Conversation. Conversation 2. Conversation 3.

[I complete the statements with words from the box.

‘Write a conditional sentence for each regret below. Begin with an inverted form ("Had |.)

EI Express your future plans and goals. Use the perfect form of an infinitive or the

decide which statement best summarizes each conversation. Listen again necessary.

he'd known it would just sit around collecting dust, he never would have bought it
He's too much of a spendthritt. He should be more frugal

He's not a spendthrit, He's just feeling generous.

Ifhe‘a known it would be o hard to put together he never would have bought it

1. Steve Gold, an assistant oa big executive at World Corp, saved his charities
company alt of money by purchasing airplane tickets online rom à aus
discount travel website, His boss appreciated his being so. =

2. Bill Gates, founder of the Microsoft Corporation is not only one of the richest | FE
men in the world, but he's also one ofthe most Since 2000, he | Benerous
has donated over USS7 billion to improve global health and education. investment

3. Dan Fickding expected that his in the Comtech philanthropist
Corporation would result in a nice However the profit
‘business filed and Dan lost al of his money. aes

4. One of the richest women in history, Hetty Green was also notoriously tightwad

She once refused to light the candles on her Birthday
cake so she could return them to the store for a refund. Hetty is considered
tobe history's greatest,

5. Andrew Carnegie was a famous who gave away over
USS350 milion to His largest was for
[USS56 milion dollars, which was used to build over 2.500 fee public libraries
Around the worl,

1. a regret about your financial situation

2. a regret about something you bought

3. a regret about a relationship

future perfect.
1. Before the end of today, I plan
2. By next month, Iwill,
3. By the end ofthis English course, I expect
4. By the end of the yer, intend
5. Within five yeas, hope

37

PREVIEW

Looking Good

EI Topic Preview. These pictures depict concepts ideal
beauty at dere times and in different places. Do you find
any ofthese fashions attractive?

Bessey à in th
ana

38 unis

TF © Sound Bites. Read and stn to conversation between a couple about dressing up and dressing down.

MARGO: Dont you think you might bealitde PAUL: How’s this?
overdressed? MARGO: Now that atl oo casual.

PAUL: What do you mean? PAUL: Margo! wish yous make up yout mind.

MARGO: Hel! The invitation sald casual MARGO: find whats withthe baggy pants?

PAUL: Oops. Ithought we were supposed toget PAUL: OK. If change into a polo shit and a pair
dressed up. Be ight back ‘of slacks wil thar work?

ARGO: Perfect.

BD Pair Work. use the following words to tell the story of what happened in the conversation.

underdressed overdressed formal casual

STARTING POINT

Pair Work. Lookat the pictures.
Are the people dressed appropritely
foreach event? With partner,

se the words fom Exercise D

to describe how the people are
dresse. Then compare your answers
‘with other students

Discussion.

1. When was the as ime you got dressed up?
‘What did you wear?

2. Have you ever been underdressed or
‘overdfessed for an event? What happened? How did you fel?

39

7 / Discuss appropriate dress

EX © GRAMMAR SNAPSHOT, had the article and notice the use of quantifiers,

Dressing Up for Work :

om en ido One hr

Most profesicnais US companies rae
wound the wed wet the untied burmese it
formal busines are ee]
vd meomany i Seng evry do
fen nny Shore rent dal of
nen mer Dre cl
marin des code eat
lg mund Seton one
Beaman wens layer
Sent weten Peeves seme cites
{es woman to nee conan mat ana den
Sri Btn pete caer ot o
Serena case. Poblems among hem let some comptant

GRAMMAR)

trove compare e Produ txhimaager uranio poo
SEE ith cA famines ate Feeder dede unes
Bes ces dung wering Ca al sight fr his or et company. A few
| hour Sprint enon indy am tht he end
in nual. ag the hotter summer mor ‘hard ana often ess on the way out Bars
| anunber of campuses se slowing employee to eve ‘rece soe) ound at a mori of employees
‘harm at hone. Angin the Une Staten alle {Sy ter con pay de cook alent co or

rer bal fal fice sir me sowed to set

EI Discussion.

1. How do professionals dress for work in your country? Do people ever went "business casual”?
What kind of clothing are mandatory?

2. Do you think the way a person dresses has an effect on how he or she works? In what way?

1 Grammar. Quantifiers
Some qunttes can ol be used wt singular exon mous.

re peo ach mana Wr engine
Some ganes can ny be se wt pra cont ours OTe, Te game aac
to ten pl orgias, bo conpann {hot incida mor thon one person Use
Stew mors mandats sett women DÉC
any Jon pele ty opens A rajoy le ass ink buses
Some queres cn ony be ne wt eco nouns. des
ie cam enc à rt eal etes Any ce popuatenpretersa
spy Rata meh matin sde cove
Some quan can be usd with Bt count an on-court nu.
open recone
Some om empress See acota
tot tats comes stots aa
nie oro companies 21 ere mes
Bley tus lent ot sasacton
fost manages Irina
Sie ae nan ho
cae ‘retest ms.

40 unre

EI cie the correct qua

ie.

1. (Most / Much) businesspeople today prefer to dress casually

2. (numberof / A great deal of) companies would prefer not to change their dress codes.

3. (All / Every) manager hs to decide whats best for the company and its employees.

4 (One / Several company in New Zeland decided oe a “asl summer” Bene the

5. Research has shown thata business casual dress code has resulted in (es / few) job dissatinfction.
among professionals

6. (ite / À fe) companies are retuming toa more formal dress code.

IE Pair work. read

1 Grammar Snapshot again. On separate sheet of paper, rewrite the

article using diferent quantifiers with similar meanings.

A malority of professionals around the wort

Me uma) business attire fo
a work in company offices
Era rss ate

ps

IB © tistening Com;
formal res. Deter

1. He'd prefer to
2. She wants to

3. He's prety sure a ties
<a dress is

4, She

¡prehension. Listen tothe conversations about casual and
ine how best to complete each statement.

a. dress up dress down
a dressup by dress down
a. optional ba mandatory,
optional, mandatory

[ oramm EXCHANGE + Now discuss appropriate dress.

Pair Work. How do you think people in your country
would general suggest dressing for these events? |

Discuss appropiate and
inappropriate dress for
each event

Group Work. Compare your classmates opinions.

a MA re,
a Fe
en

Use quantifiers to summarize your classmates ideas.

Discussion.

Amar of he si.
Carnota...)

1. Do you think i's important to dress according to social conventions?

2. How does what

people wear affect how others pereive them?

a

22. Comment on fashion and style

© EN © CONVERSATION SNAPSHOT

3 Check out that guy over there.

Which guy?

Xs The one on the cll phone. Can you believe what he's
wearing?

8: What do you mean?

As Don't you think that shirt’ litle ashy?

1: Wel, the colors are petty loud, but that's what's in style,

& Rhythm and intonation practice

GONVERSATION

EB & Vocabulary. Describing fashion and style.
sen and practice.

attractive
site Fetish modem

‘wendy Iber temporary popuar
ego tie in good taste

itertion geting

ue
dr age popa

er ner aie

tye

eu =

EX E 3 sy Le

EI © Listening comprehension. Listen to the
conversations about ation and ae, Choose the
Scie at bet summaries eh speakers pant
Give

1. They think the purses in the magazine are

a hot bo lashy elegant
2. He thinks the jacket Carl is wearing is <A

a stylish bash € striking Es
3. They think the gir'shairstyle is

striking oldfashioned € shocking

4. He thinks the dres the salesperson is suggesting is

avclegant bs striking trendy
5. She thinks he Blouse her fiends holding is

a outofstyle By tcky hie

42 unite

EE Discussion. what do you think ofthese fashions and hairstyles? Use the adjectives from
‘the vocabulary to describe them in your own way

I. Pair Work. Read and match each quote with a person in the photos in Exercise.
Explain your answers. Which quote sounds the most like you?

thing shoud express your indvidulty. dont “draw telineot wid ond cory dates. jus dot ike
‘want to confor tohow other people ok what 0 tract attention tomysll Irma ot more comfortable
they et prefer to stand outine crowd” In subdued colors ond classless.”

“Mat weor moy not be the mos tendy— “Ipretera ook thats just afd tha wot Bein sy for
utile the wo. Trote be comforobe rylong.Ipteter clothes that re wellmade—the moy

than fahionbie” ‘costa it more but they lestlonge”

“the way you det fet how people perce you, soit important
todress wll. alway choose designe labels thee the best”

CONVERSATION STARTER + Now comment on fashion and style. | wsimase

ee Se,
Ben =—lz
Apr cs at Se. (mame | So

Pair Work. Discuss your own fshlon tastes and syle. Explain why you find
some fashions attractive and some unattractive. Reet tothe photos on this page
‘ring in others. Use the Conversation Snapshot on page 42 asa guide.

Check out es:

À

LISTENING

Evaluate ways to change one’s appearance

@ Listening Comprehension. Listen to Pat 1 ofa ato program about mens
halstyes. Then rea the statements and listen again. Complete the statements,
according tothe Information in the program.

1. Inthe eighteenth century, wigs were considered

a chic bo tacky € outof style
2. In thenineteenth century wigs were considered
acinstyle Bokdfashioned € striking

3. Before the twentieth century, short hair would not have been considered
a stylish boutofstyle «shocking

EB © Nowiisten to Part 2. what generally happened to mens hairstyles in the
mi twentith century?

TG head the following statements and listen to Part Z again. Complete the
Statements, according tothe Information inthe program.
1. Men changed their hlesyle in the 1960838 statement
a.foshión ba social and political « religious and moral
2. Twenty years ago, the bald look would have been considered
a ccentie "8 stylish < old-fashioned
3. Young people who dye their hair want to
a. bestish _ b.confarm. + express their individuality
EI Discussion. Do you agree with the hair stylist that “anything goes” today for men's
hairstyles? Are there any alstyles that you realy dont ike on a man? Do you think
mens haisyles have improved or gotten worse in recent times?

44 unre

4

|

8

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now evaluate ways to change one's appearance.

Step 1. Pair Work. Discuss and complete the check.

to make

‘Which do you think are good ideas for women? How about for men? Which do you
think are good for both? Check the appropriate Box.

sinlightening DD conactienses DD
stntming DO DO fe eyelshes DD
bodypiecing O makeup 0 a
tattoos 0 0 air coloing D 0
facials DO pemanents(pems) OO
manicures D 0 hairanspants OD
malexensions =O O wigs oa
rallpolssing DD hale removat o 0
cosmeticsugey O D other oo

os

Step 2. Discussion.

1. Who do you think should spend more time making themselves atrativo—
men or women? Why?

2. Can people do too much to try to make themselves attractive? If So, what do vou
think is "too much”?

READING:

self-confidence the belief that one has the ability
todo things well
Parents cn build er ern seoufdence by
prising er compliments.

self-esteem the attitude of acceptance and
Approval of oneself
Tigh festem can help a perso succeed and Io
seston cn be damaging.

salfimage the opinion one has about one’s own
bilities, appearance, and character
‘Mark's image impr afer he sat his
ne
selepity the fling of being sorry for oneself

cy fondue Syl you faced
wi pol

Describe what makes a person beautiful

EY © Word Skills. Using the prefix self. Use à dictionary t find other words with he prefe

self-centered interested only in oneself
Children are naturaly sentra they usually
ler be more interested aes ey ra up.

seltconfident sure of oneself: not shy or nervous
in socal situations
net ia ery seconde! young worn. Shel do
lo the nicest

self-conscious worried about what one looks lke

‘or what other people think of one’s appearance
Everyone at the meeting tos dressed osa, o 1/4
onto in my su

‘ADJECTIVES

sales tending to find fault with oneself
Paul too serie, He lys Jocs on his
nists athe Min hs accomplit

[Bl Reading Warm-up. Do you think most people are self-conscious about how they look?

[KB © Reading. Read the article about female body image. What do you thinkis expressed in the song lyrics?

Anima rey erst?
\ oS ce 35 omar ros
O ae
A AA
Se ets
=
ee

Ms teas etna seine
sg a re nage pto
Spy be, an et Sgn
Swe ew rain wt to
Pekan sey neta tc,
‘gn ap rt em

nthe pa ate
sn sae a mé
Serger ge

and ected.

tt at ea 7 ptet of
women nthe Ute Sis tk tat hy lo a

‘ye ould who be het,
Besen he age tn and oe, ot
tf gat hore "spy uh ay laos
CEA

80 tear us re on is.

Bree Sand 10m tage ad yong
momen han an ng dor tee ding
IS

Tage come surges more hn dete inthe bs
cade gg ta mingr

fs e ae vated ok ea aes
Ab 0 ve y ea.

Bt may pope de ta Bn the es att

ny Ia hn fled teenage adie. Yo det

etalk mc es an à ia si apie

brit o popular ee sh tes o gls
nennt on

namen bg rest ad
ehem.

m

46 wir“

‘ag pele unbe tm rung how much
ty ar Dem gd cane gap nd ho ea
mena are ef br sl hem poses oy
‘esas abut ody ag, tem, seal aes,
Pr

Source: monderdeenoet

EI complete each statement, according to the article. Then explain your answers.
*. The media can be damaging to young peoples
a. selfimage bo high self-esteem € selfpi
2. Mgirls had more, they would not want to look like fashion models
a salt bo selfconfidence € selfimage

3. Before the age often, most gies are
a. self-conscious bo selfconfident self-critical

4. After the age often, a lot of teenage girls suffer from
a. 100 much selfconfidence b. high self-esteem € low selfesteem

B Discussion.
1. Are girls and women in your county afecte by images in the media?
‘Are boys and men also affected? How?
2. What do you think young people can do to avoid being affected by the messages

they get from advertising, TV, and the movies? What can they do to be more satisfied
withthe way they look and to develop their self-esteem?

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now describe what makes a person beautiful.
Step 1. Par Work, Tae the survey, Then comparan exh your choles. —

How much do you agree with each statement
| about men and women in your country? ARRE wur

8 Mort men think but is nat important. 123 4 5
à L Step 2. What do you think makes a person beautiful Deva onthe sido Besa one
on the outside”? How abou on the inside"? 2 foray ace

Take notes on your notepad.
Beauty on tho outside Bes
uy on the inside
Step 3. Discussion.

1. What is more important to you—a person's beauty
‘onthe outside or on the inside? Explain.

2. Do you think lie easier for people who are
attractive? Why or why not?

3. Do you think people should just accept the way
they look or ty to change their appearances?

Writing: Compare two people's

Compare and contrast
Connecting words can help a ter examine simios

tastes in fashion

and iferences.

Compare (show similarities)

“Contrast (show differences)

ie
Like Sylvia, 1 wear jeans al the timo

but
Wendy wears fashionable clothes, but her sister does not.

simiariy

1 grew up paying litle attention to fashion.
Similarly, Mel was not very interested in clothes.

(OR 1 grew up paying litle attention to fashion;
similarly, Mel was not very interested in clothes

however

Lily had to weara uniform when she was in school
However, was able to wear anything I wanted

OR Lily had to wear a uniform when she was in school;
however, was abe to wear anything I wanted

100/also

Henry used to wear faded jeans in high school
1 did too.

OR I did also.

OR also aid

whereas / while

‘Sum spends alt of money on clothes,
Jeff shops in thrif stores.

OR Sam spends a lot of money on clothes, while
Jeff shops in theft stores.

Step 1. Prewriting. Organizing ideas.
‘Choose a topic. Then ona separate sheet
‘of paper draw a iagram Similar to the one on
‘the ight. Label he eles with the topics
you ae comparing and writ Bath inthe
Idle. Ust the aiferences in each cre
and the simlres inthe middle

Step 2. Writing. On a separatesheet of
paper wit two paragraphs comparing and
contrasting ideas within Ihe topic you chose,
refering tothe notes in your diagram. In your
fist paragraph write about the eiferences.

In your second paragraph, wit about the
similis. Remember to use connecting
words and include atopic sentence foreach
aa.

Step 3. Self-Check.
DD Did you correct use connecting words
for comparing?
Cid you come use connecting words
for convasting?
LCI Does each paragraph haves topic sentence?

8 unite

Pers ir More

My brother Erte and I nave ver
different tastes in fashion, I veer
conservative clothes, wntte he prevers
tore ecentrig eu tis" etnias de
ant 9008 In nie ashy clothes Sat
think his style fs enatlraetios Mt 1
However, there are sone sintlarities
tn our styles, Erte titas do ner
hate. and 160 tan, Like Eric on

not

UNIT 4 CHECKPOINT

EY © Listening Comprehension. Listen carefully tothe conversations about tastes in fashion
ie which adjective bes describes what each person thins
1. Te man thinks the suit is
al Boutoisyle etc
2. Te woman thinks the des is
ie Boldshioned& flashy
3. The man thnks the tes
a. lshionable B.outofsiyle «shocking
4. The woman thinks the shoes ae
autos brinde € sing

EI complete each statement with an appropriate word or phrase.

1. Aset of rules fr how to dress in a particular situation isa dress

2. Inthe United States and Canada, many companies allow their employees to wear
“business on Fridays-—thoy dont have to wear Sut, Srs or Hes.

3. Some companies allow employees to dress for some business meetings
‘where the focus ison getting to know each ther in a more casual setting
4. When a fashion is style, people no longer wear that fashion. When a fashion

TF cross out the one quantifier that cannot be used in each sentence

1. (Every / A few / Most older people find today’s fashions pretty shocking

2. Our company says that it wl allow us to dress doven (one / a couple of / a feu)
daysa week

3. (Most / Many / Every) young gris aren't worried about the way they look

(Much / A majority of / A number of researchers are concemned about the effect
the media has on young boys as well

(Many / Most / Much) men wore their hair very shor inthe 1930s,
tle / afew) fashion help.

5. 1 say your sister could use (some / a
. There ae (several / most / many) reasons why so many people have eating disorders

Anew study says that (most / many / every) children who watch TV for more than
six hours a day may have problems with self-esteem as teenagers

El writing. write a paragraph explaining your opinion about one of these expressions.
Give concrete examples from youre

hin-deep. © exe of the behalit

Beauty is only

PREVIEW

Community

EN Topic Preview. Look tthe graph and photos. Where do most
people Iv in yourcounty—in rural or urban areas?

(perts predict major changes in | = ‘word DER ec pon on)
the distribution of the world’s 3 ed
population in the 21st century

[EI Discussion. ts there much migration in your country? What are some reasons people migrate?

so wurs

El © sound Bites. Reac and tisten toe
conversation about city ite

DON: Hey Kyet Sohow the big iy treating you?

KYLE: Funny you should ask. Not great.

DON: What do you mean?

KYLE: il, on my way her, fm crossing the street
and this guy in an SUV tums the corner and
almost rns me over

DON: Ar you serious?

KYLE: Yeah. The driver wasn such a big huy he
iit even notice. just cant keep up withthe
pace here.

DON: Wel, you do have tolearntostay on your
toes inthe cis

KYLE: really gets to me sometimes, I dont
think ever get used tot guess Em justa
country boy at heat.

IB in Other Words. Read the conversation again.

With a partner, explain the meaning ofeach
ofthe following statements or questions.

1. “So how's the big city treating you?”

just can’t keep up with the pace here.”
3. "You do have to learn to stay on your toes.”

2
4. “Teeeally gets to me sometimes.”
5. "Um just a country boy at heat

| STARTING POINT

hat are some advantages and disadvantages o living in each type of place? te them in the char.

the country

[esas

Discussion. Where would you prefer to Ive-in the country, the dy or the suburbs? Why?

si

Politely ask someone not to do something

EI @ CONVERSATION SNAPSHOT

as Doyocaiotoysnciómtaa [Sanaa
lly, smoking kind of bothers me. objection en

as not à problem. ‘ope at ot prb

Le ou sot mn

As Not at al. Lean step outside

Lo ts Ox ep

8: That's very considerate of you. Thanks | !dertmeanig 7
for asking ‘eons yu,

@ Rhythm and intonation practice

GONVERSA

ED Grammar. possessves with gerunds
Yo pene nd wn uw de por
bed

Thain vs on

Tectia page pie nan.

Weasel Ban ae

an an ett

‘The thing that bothers me is her smoking. |
Inte Eng, rm oe! om dé pr

condoning pe er aka re

A ees

contin he wo sutement. ung a posesie wha ged

Example: They allow smoking. Im not in favor of.

1. He plays his MPS player inthe library: I dont appreciate that
2. They smoke cigars inthe car. My mother objets ti
3. She's talking on her cell phone. We don’t mind it

4. My brother litters, I'm rally annoyed by it

52 wurs

E © Word Skills. Using negative prefixes to form antonyms

ees a ee aI -
a, Ms |
tau a fo

CPR --
pee =
Lane © Se

EA ice your oun esmplesofiappopite behavior. Ue the acts rom burches Dan

2
2
a
pS

CONVERSATION STARTER + Now politely ask someone not to do something.

Pair Work. Discuss situations in which you would probably ask for permission to do
Something. Make à st on your notepad

a
ao ana min m actora mit roe
à my cali phone in public.

o cnet ney et

Your list:

Role Play. Role-play a conversation in which you ask your
partner for permission o do something. Your partner pate.
sk you not to doit. Use the Conversation Snapshot on page 52
sa guide. Start ike hi “Do you mind my...

aie a sober
eyo ee

| gémrarenenee
nono arte py aos
Meng Maya ey | | an pub paces. Dont
A uc alo ong toner Pave ha

agen =

(mar Sn such
Soins mar go
feryounorslesiato
numa, Fait 00
ting banned ton

Being: china Paces. They a00y ater

roti, nol ony ns
sten They oud
Rae corey.
eier on ther pones
Store em a
Ber. ros aes me
ory louse kn ot
mu pore.

ry oer
Noten trait

pope's eins ne
bate neh

BD Pair Work. Do any of the behaviors described in the interview responses “ick you off"?

With a partner, discuss and rte each of them as follows

rene anoying soneutat majng

Grammar. Paired conjunctions
‘ou ca cone tats ins wih pls conjuntos.
ier 0

lhe moto ose o cont sake at

‘el pones sau lor be tuned of ore thon
er.

{woud low peter sto nr ring on he test.

Nate at nor cent guns cepa css.
atone)

Tot CD payers but to cl phones sau be tamos

trem a.

et sno a at

o

BE CAREFUL! Wen po ony. uals) is wo
aussie te sujet-erb postin in the st
use of he sentence.
Te the fret tro tee pes, ut
hey als talked uty dng he exes
ote are they ny ut tee
Verb agreement with paired conjunctions
nen ing two sabes, make sr ne verb ares
ith sujet closet the ver.
es he maj ea businesspeople ned to ei
ne oe tunes o mayor neds ede.

ED ons separate sheet of paper combine the sentences with the paired conjunction indicated.
Use or na or but als)

1. My uncle isn’t willing to give up smoking. My grandparents arent willing to give up
smoking. (either)

2. People should speak up about what bothers them. They should just iam to live with
other people’ habits. (either)

3. 1 dot like it when people use cell phones in theaters, I don’t like it when they use them
‘on buses. (not only)

4. The smell of the smoke bothers me. The danger to my health bothers me. (not only)

GRAMMAR EXCHANGE + Now complain about public conduct.

{On your notepad, make a ist of some ofthe things that realy get on your nerves in public paces.
“Then write sentences with paired conjunctions to express your opinion.
Use some ofthe adjectives you aeady know.

mrestsarane: faking on eel! ones =
Tre met any annoying, but tt ao vers int

Inzentaurans
Instores:

On bases and trains:
onthe street

| motion:

Group Work. One students an’on-the-teet interviewer" and asks the other students about
hat gets an ter nerves. Use the sentences from your notepad in your responses.

What really ticks me ofS cast understand why...
IM tell you what really You want to know
gets on my nerves. ‘what really bugs me?

Discussion.

1. In your opinion, how should people behave in public places? Do you think it’s important
to speak up when people behave inconsideratel in public?

2. Do you ever do things that annoy other people? Explain.

Discuss social responsibility

@ Vocabulary. Ways to perform community service. Listen and practice

el

Pair Work. Would you ever consider doing any of
the community service activities in the vocabulary?
With a partner explain why you would or would not

@ Listening Comprehension. Read the questions and
listen to Par 1 of the story about Nicholas Green and his family
Take notes on your notepad, Then summarize the ist part of
‘the story with your partner

Ver wer the Greens om?
‘Wat were they doing in tay?

Vina happened to Nicholas?

‘nat decision did his parents mala?

How ai the alan people rac?

EI © read the questions and listen to Part 2. Discuss your answers with à partner

1. What changes occurred in Italy after the Greens made their decison?
What is "The Nicholas Effect”?

2. How many people received one of Nicholas organs? What effect di his gift
have on ther lives?

3. Asa result ofthis incident, what ae the Greens doing today?

56 unis

3

BU Discussion.
1. Do you think you would have made the same decision the Greens did if you had been
in thee situation? Why or why not?

2. Why do you think people responded so strongly to this story?

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now discuss social responsibility.

Step 1. Pair Work. Consider each situation and discuss what you might do. Based on your answers,
how strong do you think your sense of community" 5?

“Tbe happy o donate money
rohep a srange People
Should nein eachother

¡There has been a terrible storm, and many homes have been
N destroyed. You're asked to let a family live with you until their
| home is fixed.
What would you do they were
a your etes? €: your colleague family?
bo your neighbors? 4. complete srangers?

a Cee eee
they can use a piece of your liver to sve that perso’ Ife
hot wouldyoudoifthepeson were
>. 2 amy mentes yo rime
À journo E Seonpietestonge?

¡Developers plan to destroy a well-known historical
‘monument so they can build a new office building. You're
asked to donate your time to help save that monument.
What would you do if the monument were...
a. inyourneighborhaed? € inanother yin yourcountyy? |
bo. inanotherpartofthecity? din another county?

Step 2. Discussion. Have you or someone you know ever volunteered for some Kind of community
‘service? How important sit fora person to be active in his or her community? Explain,

Identify urban problems

BEB renting warm-up. wha rte yoo tits 10 ion e people ih set

EI © Reading. Read the interview. Do you agree with Dr.Periman’s views?

The Advent of the Megacity

Since Peuman founder and prevaent Mexico City.
Of ego cities Project ne har over milan (8005), = ee ==
Srganation attempts to mate ces

aride more abl places by
ng good ideo from one pate and
tring fo make them workin another

Sen le tah CT
rer
9, veyed aes ing ee

Gi check the types of urban problems Dr.Periman mentions or suggests in the interview.

D poverty pollution unemployment inadequate public
D hack ofhousing disease O disceimination transportation
TD erowding Clerime O comuption

Understanding Meaning from Context. Read each statement from the interview.
“Then choose the sentence that closes to what Dr Perlman means. Use information from the
reading to help explain your answers.

1. “By coming to setl in the city they have in effect ‘voted with their feet.
2. People ate making it clear which kind of ie they prefer
bs People would rather live in the country than live in the cit:
© People don’t have as much opportunity in the city as they do in the country
2. "Every ‘fistworld’ city... has within ita ‘third-world’ city of poverty and
deprivation, And every third-world city... has within ia firstaror city of high
culture, technology fashion, and finance.”
a. Some megacites have more poverty than others
b. All megacitie have both poverty and wealth
€ Some megacities have more wealth than others.
3. “The Mega-Ciies Project works to share experiences that work across boundaries of
culture and geographs:”
3: The Mega-Citis Project helps megacites communicate their succes stores tothe
people who live in that city.
1. The Mega-Cities Project helps megacties communicate their succes stores 10
other cities in that countey.
€: The Moga-Cities Project helps megacitcs communicate their success stories to
smegacitis in other countries,

Discussion.
1. Why does Dr. Perlman say she prefers cities that are not planned over planned cites?
2. Why do you think Dr Perlman thinks megacites are exciting? Do you agree?
3. Do you live in a megacity, or have you ever visited one? What are the pros and cons
‘ofiving in a megacity?
4. Do you think life in megaciis will improve inthe future or get worse? Why?

Coscusson BUILDER + Now identify urban problems.

Step 1. Pair Work. checkuhich ten problems = in
‘you think exist in your area. Discuss and provide. re Qn

“rampes O sim Deomeption
OS aowding O tack ot housing
‘Step 2. Discussion. Talk about the problems youve | CD disease O discrimination

denied. Asa group discuss atleast five ways | inadequate publie CD unemployment

10 make improvements in your town or cy transporiation other

‘Step 3. Writing. Describe the socal problems that exist in your town or city.
‘Suggest some possible solutions.

Writing: Complain about a problem

Formal letters

When writing 03 frend family member a informal tone,
casual language, and abbreviations are acceptable. However

res
nt]

en ring to the head of company. bos, o someone Pr
You dortknow standard formal language shoud be vse,

dnd regular spling and punctuation rls apply Formal Pad pie cae

leer are usualy tpewrten not handen, The owing TV Fe Se
salutations nd osas are approprate ar format: pin. Pernia 19108

aan {peur rr Maan

Formal salutations Formal dosings |
ie à fx bok om yo
a restan Fo

ge sn aoe rn
[ae Kain, | sa ern

=:
en Er Seach anual er

‘Wher formal letter of complaint, first state the Be en
A ed
a M ame | sansa Eten ma
you are writing what you would ke him or her to do aboutitor Your being Loot en ea
eee SSC eyes
Going +L Respety
un

Step 1. Prewriting. Listing ideas. Think ofa problem
In your community that you would lke to complain about. - =
Lite reasons why problem.

Probe frech on site of being Step 2. Writing. Ona separate sheet of paper use
Reasons: -meinasant to wor at your notes to wit letter of complaint. State what
“heath here you intend t do or what you woul lke o see
‘done. Remember to use the appropriate level of
Problem: format,
Reasons:

Step 3. Self-check.
©) Did you use the proper salutation and clos
© re te tone and language inthe eter

appropriate forthe audience?

Bid you use reguarspeling and punctuation
and avoid abbreviations?

Step 4. Peer Response. Exchange letters with à
patter. Write an appropiate response to your
—— Partners letter asf you were the person o whom it

Vas addresse.

EX © Listening Comprehension. sen cea tothe conversos abot ce. Chacune actives
thar in ening owt the people sy explo Le Ga nen

= £ E
| ee CEE EE À
1. rural China © © (oxo roi Qs 20
rina DO OO 9 90 90
sap OO OO O 99 99
Are ¡TORO g0 06

EB Respond to each question in your own way.

1, “Do you mind if cll someone on my cell phone?"

2. "Would you mind not smoking in here?”
=
23. “What bugs you about living in your town?”

=

“Who do you know that really gets on your nerves?

I ate each sentence logical by ataching a negative ref to one ofthe adjectives. Use

Gitionary if necessary.
1. Painting grafiti on publie buses and trains is
really excusable

2. Y etieve littering and spitting on the street are
responsible behaviors,

3. Young people who play loud music without
‘consideration forthe people around them are
‘exhibiting realy proper behavior.

4, [think i's very appropriate for people to
scream into their cel phones in heiter

When a salesperson is rude, find it not
‘only respectfl but also annoying,

L should warn you that the aie pollution
downtown i really pleasant

[think politicians who are honest and
corrupt should be punished,

It doesn’t help when people ate courteous
to each other:

EZ combine the sentences with the paired conjunction indicated, Use or nor or but se
1. Restaurants shouldnt allow smoking. Theaters shouldnt allow smoking. (neither)

2. Smoking should be banned. It shouldbe restricted. (either)

3. Littering doesn't offend me. Spi

doesn't offend me. (either)

4. Think loud music rude, T think loud people are rude. (not only)

6

PREVIEW

Animals

EX Topic Preview. Find your birth year on the Chinese Zodiac.
mars your animal sigo?

[M © sound Bites. Read and listen to a
conversation between end the 200

ALICIA: cat believe et you tlk me into coming
here. realy have à problem with 200s

BEN: Cmon. These guys have got made. Theyre well
‘cared or They e healthy. They've got plenty of food.

ALICIA: You could say the same thing about people in
prisons, What about freedom? 1 hate seeing animals
Cooped up in cages.

BEN: You think animals are any happier in the wild?
‘Always hungry? Running rom some bigger animal
that’ yin to eat them?

ALICIA: 1dontknow. Maybe not.

BEN: Just ook at that tiger over there. Where else
‘could you se sucha beautiful animal up close?

ALICIA: Youre ight about that, He s magnificent

[EI Pair Work. Read the conversation again, Discuss.
the questions and explain your answers.

1. Whats Alicia's objection to 2008?

2. How is Ben's attitude different fom
Alicia's?

3. What does Ben mean when he says,
“Those guys have got it made”?

4, What do Alicia and Ben agree on about

r —
STARTING POINT

Pair Work. What acjetves do you associate with diferent animals? Choose ve,
adjectives and discuss with a partner an animal you think each adjective describes.

. iendly
frightening [pren ET Er
usuel 1 independent
fun |;
: | shy
friendly r |
1 disgusting

calm irritating attractive

loving hardworking Quiet

cy

7 / Exchange opinions about the treatment of animals

EI @ GRAMMAR SNAPSHOT, Resd the posts on a discusion board and notice the use of passive modals.

GRAMMAR!

‘Does anyone es get 2 ed up as! d abou the ntumano estmart of anal? ny opin, animals should
‘ever be hile ut for sport or esten Hurting, lighting. and any eer “spor” a Hales he HI
Gt dtenelss animals shouldbe compete banned What do you tn? king animas ve justa?

| agro with Resto peopl test Bu hat does mean animal shouldbe trate inhumaney Recent |
‘was rn about corporate cate farms, an was shocked at how cowed and ty e condon re
Fin sir mao don't ave lobo raed ike tat

Bd Discussion. Do you agree with any ofthe opinions expressed on the discusion board? Why or
why now?

Gi Grammar, The passive voice with modals

an eset pst er iy Van / 22 sión |
eo en MMM on lc be ung?
papa ade tm be ow? |
ew mace cod o ion sama eo sr
pere enna oe ob era?
cite MN mise pes ke Inlermaton questions
ec neon sons ie ep man? |
Alben ne ipo ctor. a ue con o mp tor?
a av can presen igor y mu er es e epa
esa Coda sde oe bos ins. y do Dr es have I respete?
ng nt ene |
Shan ma er ty

Cort chicha arms should e shat dm.
Pepe shoul e rotes on Punt

anand mt or cesa ‘or ort hve

Sone rma ove be rre

"estos the bt ese preserve FRE Pt ts ms, |
TE rey sen fra Eng. De) pan |

sa unite

By write sentences using models and the correct form of the passive voice.
1. People / should / allow to hunt deer.
2. Alternatives to animal research / might / discover.
3. Wild animals / shouldn't / keop as pets.
4. Fox hunting / should / ban
5. The treatment of animals / could / improve

IB © Vocabulary. Ways animals are used or treated. Listen and practice

(M <a Y

‘Theytetaned to peiorm

M ns ‘Theyrewsedtor medica eva

Meyrekiledier
S lider and fr

Thread torino. N Mee wid fora,
‘Theyre agde food

einer al

people wih is

I ona separate sheet of paper, write your opinion
about each of the ways animals ae used or e
treated, Use the passive vice with modas © people san enjoy them,

GRAMMAR EXCHANGE + Now exchange opinions about the treatment of ai

Pair Work. Exchange opinions about the ways animals are used or Disogrecing
rent, Ask and answer questions, using passive mods. Ho wat You maa, ut

A ner, | Stree |
|
| see | | fee |
A |

Discussion. Compare your classmates opinions on the treatment of animals.
Does the majority ofthe cas fel the same way?

24 Discuss the benefits of certain pets

EX O CONVERSATION SNAPSHOT

A: I've been considering geting an iguana for a pt

8: Are you out of your mind? I've heard they're thy

A: Actually that’s a misconception. Iguanas are very clean
and make grea pets

In what way?

Well for one thing, they're very intelligent. And believe

itor not, I ind them nu

el

@ Rhythm and intonation practice

GONVERSA'

[I © Vocabulary. Describing pets. Listen and practice.

Positive traits

adorable [cute and charming
affectionate

loyal / devoted —

rie violen sometimes dangerous
cosy pense obuy and tome rest]

estrctive armé to mire and other things

m

y nel makes a mess

high maintenance — | time-consuming o take care of

I © Listening Comprehension. Listen to the conversations about pets, Then sten again
‘and complete the chat. Use adjectives you know that best describe the advantage and
(isacvantages the people talk bout, Discuss you think the people wl ete pe.

Conversation 1 |

Conversation 2

| conversation 3| |

Conversation 4

66 unre

BD Discussion.

some people get so close to their animals?

CONVERSATION STARTER + Now discuss the benefits of certain pets.

Pair Work. Which animals do you think make good pets or bad pets? Discuss and make a st
on your notepad, Use the pictures or other animals you know. Wite complete sentences using

the vocabulary.
Good pers wry?
Bad pets wy?

Role Play. Roleplay a conversation

about geting a pet. Use the Conversation

Snapshot on page 665 a guide. Sar ie

this Ive been considering getting
forapet.”

5 Compare animal characters

BY © Vocabulary. Describing character traits. Listen and practice.

ever able to use one’s intelligence to do something
gullible to ready o believe what other people say, and therefore easy to trick
mean willing to hut others, especially with words

selfish cating only about oneself and not likly to share with others

sincère saying what one realy feels or believes

vain too proud of one's looks, abilities, or postion

wise able to make good decisions and give good advice based on life experiences

EI compiere each sentence with an adjective from the vocabulary.

1. Don't beso When something sounds too good tobe rue, it usually it
2. Heisso that he won't go out if sais a bit messy.

3. Cara is really open and You can always trust her to say what she means

4. My parrot isso thot he's learned how to say three new words this week.

5. Our neighbor is relly ‘When kids play in font of her house, she aways yells at them,
6. My grandfather knew how to help me with my problems. He was rally

7. Is normal for young children to be ‘They usually don’t want other children to play

EI © Listening comprehension.
Lien tte ble of "The Fox and
the Crow” Choose ajecivesto
desc each anima. Then ten
Again and write the mor the
ican ofthe story in our own
words

‘Adjectives for the fos
Adjectives forthe crow

‘The moral of the story

“The fx saa row inatrec”

68 wurs

E 9 nowisten tothe fable of “The
Penco Tal: Choose adjectives
Ko describe each anima. Then ten
in and wre the moral ofthe
Sry in your own words.

Adjectives forthe peacock

‘Adjectives forthe sparrow

The moral of the story

A small Brown sparrow sat in a tree watching the peacock
IB Discussion.
1. How are the crow and the peacock alike? What trat or traits do they share?
2. Have you ever known anyone who ha the same trate as the peacock, the row,
the ox, or the sparrow? Explain

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now compare animal characters.

Step 1. what are your favorite animal stores rom books, cartoons TV programs, or movies?
‘Choose three animal characters and describe the animals character ats on your notepad

Animal characters Character waits
1

Step 2. Pair Work. Compare and discuss the animal characters you chos, What moral or
lesson about fe do you think the characters ty to teach?

Step 3. Discussion. Why do you think writers often use animals instead of people in stories?
‘Why do you think so many chdrnís stores ae about animals?

6

threats to their survival?

The er hi dr wth ion offen

spaces of pats and ira Monts may ace

apar an msg. Bey fried ben

costes are mid abs pls and anil re
dsrapd. Mecre
‘pecs tica
spinnen
op chaman
of pecesetnctins
Shale once
agp of

the creme moe

tan an ys
2p. Garey od

1000 specs st

plead rma ce

e180 mars

ary pees int sua. eu oy China te pat
thas ben cutee on an

pant
feet whee the prem
Berg dese ad, senate ta as
feas 109 gut pars eva the wid
tod, Inthe Act the pla be bra
dear rento! gal weg
ars anal sa ik nd Creal mé
at Aia hich ave noe decades of
va mou pl pepe oon
Fat ove DO as

peer end one any
sd oes ae orton ofits rata
bere. ton one norman
problem ttn ivenle-orce soe,
thee pees coo be br ick

‘Wht cm bene? Wer Wii Fin
Cov etl comen craton,

70 unre

Debate the value of animal conservation

Reading Warm-up. what are some endangered animals you cen think of? What are some

@ Reading. Read the article. Do you agree with the point of view expressed?

hasbeen wring since 16
tonne e dey of
fon vce per,
WHF as danced are panda
Corera by aw mae
tha 300 pad see aft
‘dla pre fal,
orig with e commaty
Tobe se abat and und
apes ene, dy
deg anaes of
ge cab ds rien ar by poate we of
rente ery tsa uch a mid ad ol pote WW
‘yg toed the eles of lb vam, te pol
ear arce sue. Wh Re ep of teenie
1 la Wha espe à et mentre ta of
‘evan older beabe ode pte hes
Uy areas edged aa? The we many
reis for preci eyed specs nd own
al. Mayo oc nd mens cone fon wil
‘pee and ec i ec depends an partir a fr
fad and desa tently soa. oe prin
nes gps, te space reale. And whe
ne ste leer desto. pp fc oc and
the neigen fl ung tng becomes
ea, iat o ry ee protection to
‘ear the on pci aia bt thy ao
seve as umbels specs hig them els.
ec ae bee
Bord crois daran meten,
howe he exil a omy
rues on planet es pod ia
mal quite. What ot of ward wl
cide her? Do we wat the reto
ea ice where ans nd ol ey eit
pra 100 ne we abenot
lip te protec the anal we sive
ou lan va wat des tat yak
ands hue one

er mae latin on WF andi war Wat wv nevi a

Understanding Meaning from Context. Use the context ofthe article to determine the

meaning ofthe words and phrases
1. biodiversity (ine 1)
a. endangered animals
2. habitat (lines 4,28, 28, and 61)
‘the food animals ent b, the place animals i
3. extincion (ines 12,36, and 72)
global warming bey
conservation (ines 40 and 45)
ping to protect animals b. dangers to animals
5. ecosystem (lines 4,63, and 64)
a. tying to protect animals b, threats to animals

ing to protec ani

EI Discussion.

b. the variety of living things

threats to nature
ve € theextintion of animals.
imals ¢ the disappearance ofa species
« feeding animals

€ hour plants and animals work together

1. According tothe article, hat are some reasons animals become extinct? Can you think of
any other reasons?

. What arguments are given inthe article to support animal conservation?
. Look again at the last paragraph in the article. How would you answer the questions it raises?

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now debate the value of animal conservation.

‘Step 1. Pair Work. Read and discuss the arguments for and against animal conservation
‘Which arguments ae the strongest foreach side ofthe animal conservation debate?

Which are the weakest?

Human bongs havea esporabity to protec a
‘ing nae

‘Species soul present tr generator,
sua parana wie se ig oust train
{hoy generate bs and come ferial economies.
pac extincion a fe curar at cou ea 10
sheceopea ste. .
e mies e chance or en coves, uch as
(medien, win evr spies wee.

Extreton spy part te naturel process
Bee pence of sural fhe est”
Envecmant protection costs tf money 1
Au Le counts nat have mor sar robes.
nao pecs have ead become extinct ith no
nant pact on he amorr r Sa
enseres und mais o mar, voa.
‘ed Mariam

Do we ru ne 2000 specie of mice?

You ose TT You om ss =

Step 2. Debate. Isitimportant to spend money on animal conservation? Form two groups—
one for and one against. Take tums presenting your view

Step 3. Discu
1. Why do you think some animals become endangered? What are some threats to
the survival of animals inthe wild?
2. In your opinion ae species worth saving even if they arent popular“ or of any
‘known value to people? Why or why not?

Writing: Express an opinion on animal treatment

Pein :

To persuade readers to agree with your point of view provide examples, 200s play an important oe

Tor instance,
Studies suggest that research a more
easy conducted in 2008 It can be

Sappo your pola of view e expe opinions Argued that animals shouldbe fos
and that tis unethical to keep theme

For cumple {Smith ates that =

‘Another examples. ‘According to (Rivera. rr inkl

For instance studies Ih conclusion wane
Should be kept 2008 hore to

aya o dicos po arguments — ya consid orargoment | PRO consorvaion efx

Tecan be argued dat In eoncusn. =

Some people think.» | However, | in summary,

iste that, [rosum up

fact or experts opinions tha support your argument. Another es
elective technique isto demonstrate the weakness of opposing errar
arguments. Summarize your main pain in your concluding sentence,

Step 1. Prewriting. Planning your argument, Choose one ofthe questions n he following bo or
‘write your own question, State your opinion and lt our arguments, Then think of posible opposing

Srgumens.
Your opinion:
+ Te research on animals necessary yor aguas
in ordert develop new medicines |" 5
and procedures? >
+ Are some traditional forms of E
entertainment such as cure, =
bulfights, and cockigts,cruelto | Possible opposing arguments
animals? a
Your on question: à
2

Step 2. Writing. On a separate sheet of paper write paragraph arguing your opinion fom Step 1.
Remember to include a topic sentence at the beginning ofthe paragraph and a conducing
sentence atthe end

Step 3. Self-Check.
O2 Did you state your point of view clear?
O Did you provide examples facts or experi opinions to support your point of view?
Did you discuss opposing arguments?
id youindude atopic sentence anda concluding sentence?

Step 4. Peer Response. Exchange paragraphs with a partner. Do you agree or disagree with
your partners point of view? Write a short response explaining why. Star ke this agree /
Gisagree because...

72 unis

EI © Listening Comprehension. Listen to Part of a radio program. Choose the phrase that
best completes the statements, according 1 he listening
+ Capuchin monkeys can be
2 used for medical research loyal friends to humans €. trained to perform in circuses

2. These monkeys are useful to humans because they
a. do simple jobs push a wheelchair € wash dishes

IB @ now Hsten to Part and choose the phase that best complete he statements.
1. Dolphin-asisted therapy had a positive effect on children’s
a. moral or ethical development — la speech development € physical development
2. Children respond to dolphins because dolphins are
a. good swimmers bo intelligent € plot

ofthese children respond better to people after
à enr of treatment boa few treatments € a few weeks of treatment

EI change the adjective in each statement soit makes sense
1. Arolaxed pet that never bites is destructive.
A cat that bites or scratches people is afctinate
A pet that likes to be with people is aggressive.
‘A dog that chews on shoes is adorable
AA pet that makes a mess i sacl

EL complete each statement with an appropriate character trait
1. A person who says or does unkind things to others is
2. People whe can't passa mirror without looking at themselves are
3. Ifone expresses oneslf honesty o others, we say that person is
4. Someone who is too trusting of others is
5. People who think mainly about themselves are
6. People who are skilful at getting what they want are
7. If people have good judgment on matters of importance, we say they are

EB choose four ofthe topics from the box. Use modals with the [endangered animals hunting pas
passive voice to state your own opinion about each opi. | _horseracing lighting 2008
Bramples ny shout de bannone be fe than

3
4

PREVIEW

Consumers

EI Topic Preview. Look at the types of advertisements companies use to try to get
consumer to buy products. What types of ads do you think you are most exposed 10 daily?

DETTE

Bl © sound Bites. Read and listen toa couple taking about ads in a catalog.

208: | thinkits about time got myselfone of these electric massage chairs
ANNE: What on art for?
08: would just be nice to have one. Tht’ al.
ANN: Sounds ikea waste of money to me. Dont they have anything useful in there?
808: See for yours.
ANN: Now here's something keto get my hands on—a selewateing

flowerpot

308: Youve got tobe kidding
|ANN: No,fm not, [thinkoneof these could
come in ally handy.

[EL in Other Words. Read the conversation
again, With partner find an expression in.
the conversation thats sel in meaning
to.each ofthe following statements or
questions

1. Why would you do that?
2. That's a useless thing to buy.
3. really love to have one
4. You cant be serious

$. It might be very useful

r
STARTING POINT

Discussion. What do you think
ofthese products? Do you think
any of them could be useful?

Air Pollution Mask
CAD ES

CONVERSATION!

Give shopping advice

EX @ CONVERSATION SNAPSHOT

As [think Vd like 0 pick up a few souvenirs
before Igo back home. Any suggestions?

8: What do you have in mind?

Be Nothingin particular. Just something to
help me remember my tip.

B: Well, the central market would be à good
bet if you want to find a bargain

Az Can you haggle over the prices?

B: Ofcourse!

@ Rhythm and intonation practice

BD © Vocabulary. shopping expressions. Listen and practice

browse take one's time looking at goods in «hop | haggle / bargain discuss the amount of money
without necessarily wanting to buy any one s willing to pay for something
Fi nt hong or andhing portico. in hate gol er prices. / 1a rot pac yon
jist bros. et targa

bora amd fr gods tons an | sop aruná compuso go deen
ani rors Daniel Stain ener lnea pas qu
A | eee ee it
age. (era,
ht ag copa so oo by
EE
ito ptm tie cdi oy then
Pep pees thr ey
ns

KB © Listening Comprehension. Listen to the conversations about shopping, Decide whether
or not the people think the shops prices ae high. Then ten again and choose te best shopping
‘expression to complete each statement

[othe abe pag
he cite

a: ‘They’ (oarpain-hunting / haggling)
ees ‘They're going to (window-shop / comparison shop).
| == _) There just browsing / haggling). |
“ ‘They just want to (argain-hunt / window-shop).
5 They're going to (browse / bargain),

76 wur?

D PairWork. witha
partner filin the
uty fre price ist wth
brandname products
you know. Then agree
‘ona pice foreach
product

Trendy
I Group work. congue migas |

youritems and pies
it other classmate
Discuss whether or not
you think the tems are
2 g00d buy.

Varese! u] “Handmade

“Youve orto be kissing
That’ hay rober”

CONVERSATION STARTER + Now give shopping advice.

Where are the best places 10 take a visitor shopping in your ctor town? On your notepad, make list

Name ofplace orlocatlon What you can buy there ESTIMA

2 sg mal
seve
Fe

Role Play. Role play a conversation in which one of you isa visor and the other gives —

Shopping advice for his or her tour or ty, Use your notepad and the Conversation Snapshot on

page 7635 guide. Star Ike this "tink ike to pick up afew souvenirs before | go back home”

ussion.
‘Are you a smart shopper? Do you comparison shop or buy the fis thing you see?
‘Are you good at spotting bargains? Where do you find your best bargains?

2. What kind of shopping do you do when you're traveling? Do you shop differently
1. when you travel from when you'e at home?

77

77 Discuss your reactions to ads

GRAMMAR,

Ter a br ra phone company Put! se evry ay
my wy tome añora Om mea a sesh
ocn pr Foren EN
ins ages. Onsen ah. anos tbe reminded
ci hamper tinge ne

hats te mest

‘Tat ode ben ou a ey hee lpn on my ora
‘russ on, Tren nee ton et Ce Got
rares o forced o ates 10 curb ad overdone
mon Imponen mee

PS
Erin De nog en ses ect
Sen amy os q up whe as RT) hing y
nana ua Ia. oven tt rom ana

RV reste most
“interesting dou

Wa, snow one at comes prety os, Sun = pe à
Enr) tat proces spars an hey nad comer
SN orang Chase ars Tw une yO int
‘Bot aa 1a ua I mr ut ao
‘nbd beng entered ty god re

[EI Pair Work. Use he context of the interviews to explain the meaning ofeach expression below

itblows me away.
It gets on my nerves.

El Grammar. Passive forms of gerunds and infini

‘sea passive fm ofa gerun ran nie 1 os on an action

Insta of who performed teat
Une ben a à past ari 1 form a pase grand
roy blog atrae y comme
esr Dl on o wath a bt mods
apte ot being tete ne Fa css.
Us te an a pst participle 1 orm a pasiva init.
n't expect to be tl o ta by are.
Bert want ar post to berementered.
diras dispone ol ode had parte ni sane

78 uno

It cracks me up.

Itchokes me up.

ussion. Do you genera find advertisement annoying or enjoyable? Why?

+ Some vrs ar seed by run, som by
+ Gran ase a on ote by
Sue page AS na Hopence oa compe

E

I complet cach sentence witha passive gerund or infinitive

1. Think people enjoy Gorm) aout nee products
2. Companies want thir products (advertise) on TV ding prime ine—vshen the most
people are watching
2. When Tread an ad, [would lik (cl) the whole rth bout the product, not hala.
A My siste was disappointed (not / give) the change to appear in hat new commer
Eh on separate sheet of paper rem each sentence. Useapasiveform ofa gerund MEET
oraninfintve to replace the underined words. Do ot use By pases A ten ns ve
amar te soon
Example don't mind when advertisers inform me about new products The conn wae
1 aon? mind boing informed about nom products Fi mins ot

con't stand advertisers forcing me to watch commercials over and over again.
2. Tresent one company’s telling me that | shouldn't buy another company’s product.
3. You're lucky the company-is giving you an opportunity to work overseas.

4. We can't tolerate their calling us while we're eating dinner.

GRAMMAR EXCHANGE + Now discuss your reactions to ads.

‘Complete the chart with ads you are familiar with Then ona separate
sheet of paper ite sentences with passive forms of gerundsorinfinives, Same pes of as

serbia hon os ed bash ad ou an. Rome

ana ou ind
ando

amada gets

an adehar blows |
un | ES

Sek | —

Pair Work. Compare the ad you listed in your chart
Describe each ad and how you eel about it.

“Theres. aTV commercial for shampoo
that see almost evr night dt

‘eal gets on my nerves cot stond
being forced towetch every oy

‘endorse personaly recommend a product in exchange fr paymen

a productin exchange for payment

Promote make st eee
ute people know about anew produc in

Imply suggest hat somethings tre without saying or

Persuade someone to buy a product

EI © Vocabulary. Ways to persuade. Listen and pra

EI PairWork. Read about eight advertising techniques. Write the letter of the example that you

think each technique uses. Explain your answers

used

1. Provide facts and figures
Prove De pi pad wit sla rd
‘ete, ta natn

2. Convince people to “join the bandwagon”
ny a eon ing a rea a ones
nada o er be an le GP

3. Play on people hidden fears
np at go pr e om sme

| egin state

4. Play on peoples patriotism
ny tat bg a adc sews no nes co

5. Provide “snob appeal”
ty tm ve ot sit males te cite pal
mete ge

6. Associate p
Pro rs wth ers des Rai poste
eigen scons

7. Provide testimonials

rc ne consumer ons to
Manipulate peoples emotions

Use mages tape castes tei, sch a ee,
CCE

Er

bys advertisers

sea famous pon ran “aaa taser" tendra

dl A a El

a

Bf es Ga

Oo

Examples

a. A professional soccer player
romande a parco br
recommend prt: brand of

1 A hotel chin shows a businesswoman
inher oom cling home fo tak
her children. 5 ‘

© Asa rink manufacturer shows
young people having» great ine
inn ie product beach

À car manufacturer states how quick
A carcan o rom 010 100 mete
pero

coffe manufacture shows people
ese informal ate sng lo
brand of cole aan an ae

1. A credit card company aime hats

‘ard is used by more people than any
Gard sed by more people han any

9. Aclothing manufacturer promot
“othes by saving they are made by
And for pope in this count.

h. Alaundry detergent manufacturer
‘suggests that i will be socially
embarcassing if your whit clothes are
rot ely white

I © Listening Comprehension. Listen to each ad. Then isten again. Decide which technique or
{ectngues he advertiser sing to perde the consumer o buy the product. Elan your answers.

Pa

||

[El Pair Work. Describe some ads you know and explain which techniques you think they use.

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now persuade someone to buy a product.

Step 1. Group Work. Choose a product and create a magazine,
newspaper. TVor radio advertisement frit. Choose one or more
advertising techniques to persuade your classmates to buy the
product Make notes on your notepad.

‘Type of produc:
Name o product
Type ote:
‘Technique(e:

Step 2. Discussion. Present your ad to your dass. Show i read itor act tout. Analyze your dassmates
‘ads and discuss which techniques were used. As a class assign awards for these categories

2, Describe consumer shopping habits

EI Reading Warm-up. Are you a careful shopper or do you buy things on impulse?

Ed G Reading. Read the article. How is compulsive shopping a problem?

READING

‚At in de lat cer, the way in wich we
consume rater! goods has shied rascal. For ar
gerdherens, ond some of oir pares, shop
men Da proies 10 say physical ees
Te, in sion to bung necesi, we ep to
idee cursahes In luis hard gem shes
or he let, most hc errtanment stem.
nd we sho for the seer a Nast us anque
a ean tae a a
‘ating to tienes, em home hensnrgs to sports
exe =and trough ot costos, we expres 3
see of iri, asta, ond ese

| Compulsive Shopping: € RQ! Cost

Ba some people go mors Ther sparing becomes
excessive and ofen caries touting coneqerees. Same,
people cart resis te temlata, and very on ey buy
Frey a aer. Tis Hype of rule buying can become 50
cheese hat perl fod emcees in consorte Fecal
due and porto cress. cert stas suggest
that extreme puise bujng is onthe crease, acing an
esta 5 0 10 poco of he ad poplin a many

‘We ud o dein setas by wht we by ard hve. This
(tn tcs how we fol a wei For many, buy Page on
pal is à may of sión or Rdng eings al amis are
Ioeinss

However. shopping 8 away of eng ich nel stress
is sam eze for ln, I at, restore suggests that
peopl u cane shopping be 8 party inthe es und
10 eperance more any and depression as wel 6 a lever
lee eig han tse wo dort

Te og aná sor of is iso crt buy app,

ipstorContrling Impulse Buying

(© Men you jst browsing and get the urge to buy
Something ask yous fist yo realy edit

+ Ai sale. Spending any money on someting you
don neds pen.

+ Follow the24hout le” Dent buy amina new on
thespat Come back the next doy fou tan you ey
reed

+ Sückto a budget. Panto slug onthe ocasional
Purchase but dont by il our budge

Source: wtbeengeuncon

E Understanding Meaning from Context. Find these expressions inthe article, Explin the

meaning of eve,
A. indulge ourselves 5. gettheurge
2. go overboard 6. overspending
3. resist the tempt 7. splurge on

impulse buying

|

EI Discussion.
1. According to the article, hou have shopping habits changed over the last few
enerations? Do you agree?
2. Do you think compulsive shopping i a common problem? Do you know any
‘compulsive shoppers? Give examples.
3. Do you think the tips in the article might be helpful for someone who wants to resist the
temptation to overspend? What tips would you suggest?

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now describe consumer shopping habits.

Step 1. Toke theselt.quiz. Checkthe statements that are rue foryou.

Are you a SHOPancliic?
1 somatimes fo ult about how | spend my money shopping. Toral the number
Of boxes you
checked”

If your total is:

0-3 Great!

Keep up the good habit

4-5 Not too bad!

Congratlations for

ting youre not
et

6-8 Un-oh!
‘Sounds ke trouble may
‘around the cone
Is ie pen your
pure stags

9-10 Red alert

ies me total e
Baby the home aná
hang some othe
Sos shop and
Spend mene

My shopping habits have caused problems in my personal
relationships in some way.

Step 2. Discussion. Choose one ofthe following discussion topics and meet In smal groups with
‘other classmates who have chosen the same one.
1. Do you think most people tend to go overboard with their shopping? Explain,
2. Do you think people are too influenced by advertising? Explain.
3. Should people only spend money on things they need and never on things they don’t need?
Ta OK to Buy on impulse sometimes? IsitOK to splurge once in a while?

Step 3. Writing. Explain your views on consumer shopping habit. In your opinion what should
people doto shop esponsiby?

Writing: Explain an article you read

Writing a summary

A summary isa shortened explanation ofthe main ideas of an article. When writing a summary
include only the authors main points not your own reactions ar opinions. Be sue to paraphrase

what the author says instead of ust copying the authors exact words
ies Ban PARAPHRASING |

A ee
ee ent O Pmrenteatnt
ee nn lle ee,
nn nun

ne

=o
soncoereres tones | Sen ete
útepor. say, believe, point out, and conclude, mero) to aca la

a] Mate cr ne cuco
LÉ da

st buy anything they cas.

Step 1. Prewriting. Identifying main ideas. Read the article -

“compulsive Shopping: The Reel Cos on page 82 and underline
he important pars. Then read the article again and identify the main ide: below.

‘Main idea of paragraph 1:
Main idea of paragraph 2
Main idea of paragraph 8:
‘Main idea of paragraph 4:

Step 2. Writing. On a separate sheet of paper combine the main ideas to write your summary.

Be ure to paraphrase what the author says, using your own words. Your summary should be
no more than four to sx sentences ong.

Step 3. Self-Check.
UD your summary ot shorter than the orginal article?
I Does your summary include only the authors main ideas?
I Did you paraphrase the authors ideas?
1D Dis you include your opinion ofthe article? to, rewrite the summary without

84 wur

EI © Listening Comprehension. Listen to the conversations about prices. Then read the
Statements and ste agai, Circle the phase tha best completes each statement according to
‘what the people say

. 3. The woman thinks the price ofthe ist vase (abit steep / a real bargain),
The man thinks it’ (a steal / a ip-0.
The woman thinks the second vase is (a steal / a good den)
The man think (a ripoff / no bargain.
2. a. The woman thinks the exercise bike from Freeman's was (a great offer / à ip-ff}
Tho man thnks it was (no bargain / à steal),
lo. Tho woman thinks the price ofthe bike from Mason’ is (abit steep / a great de)
“The man thinks is (a better offer / no deal)
3. a. The man thinks the price ofthe necklace is (bit step / no deal
‘The woman thinks is (prety steep / a bargain)
b. The man thinks the earings are (a good deal / à rip-off.
The woman thinks they're (a great deal / no bargain.

EI complete each statement with your own ideas

Example: match charlie Chtplin movies aimtye cracks me up.
1 cracks me up.
2 blows me away.
a chokes me wp.

gets on my nerves.

1 complete the statements with passive forms of gerunds or infnities.

1. don trea any information,
2: They want sore time forthe project.
2 She arranged tothe airport

4. Lwas disappointed. 2 the news.

5. Herisked from his ob.

6. We were delighted to the wedding

ED ona separate sheet of paper answer the questions in your own way.
1. What kinds of things do you lke to splurge on?
2. Have you ever gone ai

le overboard buying something? Explain
3. What can't you resist the temptation o do? Why?

UNIT GOALS

Describe family trends

Family Trends 2 pe

EI Topic Preview. Look atthe two cartoons about families.
Then answer the questions with partner

PREVIEW

1. Who do you think was speaking
before the father spoke? What do
you think was said?

2. Is your family a “democracy”?
How do decisions get made?

"Because this family isn't ready to hold
democratic elections—that’s why!” <<

3. What didn't the father have when he
vas young that the son has now? Do
you think the father has a good point,
Oris he being ridiculous?

4. In your family is there a “generation
gap” between older and younger
Family members? Explain.

"You have it easy. When I was your age, T
had to walk all the way across the room
to change the channel,”

EI Discussion. Do you think the cartoons are funny? Do you think they portray typical families?
Why oruhy not

86 unre

@ Sound Bites. Read and isten toa conversation about
‘loons.

TERESA: Did you hear that Som and Margaret got back together?

BETTINA: Wow! I didnt even know they split up! Itshows you how
‘ut of touch am.

‘TERESA: Well they had this major fang out about two months ago,
‘and they separated. But look ike they've patched things up.

BETTINA: Good. Theyte a nice couple. 1 hope things work out or
them.

TERESA: Me too. So how your family?

BETTINA: Not bad but we've been having some touble with our son.

TERESA: Realy? What kind of trouble?

BETTINA: Well he's been acting up in school. You knows talking back
to histeachersnot doing hs homework.

TERESA: Eric? cant believe il Hes always been so well-behaved!

BETTINA: Wei, told him he's grounded until he shapes up. No
mondes, no games, no eps the mall

TERESA: Smart move. Eis good id but you dont want him to
turn into 2 troublemaker.

EZ in Other Words. Read the conversation again. With a partner, use the context ofthe
y
conversation to figure out what each ofthe expressions means.

1. They got back together. 6. My kids have been acting up.
split up. 7. Don't talk back’
had a falling out. 8. Your sons so well-behaved

4. They patched things up. 9. He'd better shape up!

5. Things didn't work out. 10. That kid s such a troublemaker.

EF Discussion. Doyoutink grundig cia smart mov? Wihyorihyoa Inyour api,
wa he best way han or ne eager ahs has et SMS |

STARTING POINT

Pair Work. Choose one ofthe topics. Tell your partner about aime you .

had a difference of opinion

dé 4 had a falling out with à

friend, a family member,
{another generation. eracolleague.
helped patch things up

for someone ele.

87

11 Describe family trends

Core end show the ie of
families changing impacting societies
sotide Women ae marng te
nd couples ar wating longer ave
len, And the longer couples wait
do He cen, the fener chen they
ho

Tio hey cos Mat impact
family ie ae he education andthe
employment of women. Sis sho
‘hat the more educaron women pt the
male fleshy have. Mare
{he longer women ym coo,
‘the bete tet oppanun es or
employment Waring womens es

GRAMMAR!

Discussion.

Falling Birthrates

ily to marry young and have large
fais

nain to the fling bitte,
hee sing lie expectancy. Wh
people in longer and longer. is
bre ginge have faethe challenger
posed by an agg population. The
lange people in, the mor are
they require, Tato children
hive afd or hei ee parent
ame. However the more he ise
fal, the harder the tre maybe
forte ele With fewer chen,
families may End mor and more
cult to car lor oer members

Source: Unite Nations Statics Don

1. According o the brochure, what factors explain why more couples are having fewer children?
2. Why do you think populations aro living longer? What problems does larger elderly

population pose?

Grammar. Repeated comparatives and double comparatives

Fuepetes compares are use o describe cios and things ha ae Inerseng o deceso.

The estes geting lowe and tor

{yh en ie ent cent, copes were vaio longer

Moro and mare pei ze ary ter
Fr and eer oe
ts becoming mere and more cia

nd ong to ar.

are ein sos

Dee opie reo eee cnn rc.
"hn cats ne ir bay er greg ne en eye none
‘Des en sae rd ei, lin ao bay ane a So

OTE Venus no conan is same omita.
he bete he uy le ewe (ee e locas (a S

RE CAREFUL Don't use continous verb forms in double comparas
enge culs walt ave dan, on e ay hove
OT The logo coupes are in ore cn, e fener D hi.

ED complete each statement logically using double comparatives.

1. people are when they marry children they have
2, the feexpectaney, the elderly population is.

2 popeuek they a.

4 the quality of health care i, the death rate

s the county i, the life expectancy

6 somenare shen they ave chien, hey ae to get higher education

I © Listening Comprehension. Listen to tree people talking about ends in mariage and
family fe. The ten aga and complete each statement according to what he speaker imps,

sing double comparatives.
te education mothers get medical care they receive,
2 couples date, they marry
* children stay in school, thei life expectancy.

| GRAMMAR EXCHANGE + Now describe family trends.

ir Work. Use repeated comparative o discuss the weysfomitesare IZA
hanging in your county. et

FE

Writing. Ona separate sheet of paper write about he
impact ofthe changes youve discussed, Use repeated
comparatves and double comparatives. m

In fhe last fon decanos, family eine has aueimen.
Foor ant fewer pecple aro having big fanilies, eo
Phoir srantara of Ining ía higher. The higher Phe

etantara e Ining ie, the healtnier the population.

Discussion. In small groups, compare the tends you've identified. How wil these changes

impact families in the Future?
more and mee people are
This coul bo problem ltr

ss

IA: What do you think parents should do if their
teenage kids start smoking?

8: Well, hate to say it, but there's not much they can do.

As Why's that?

8: Wel teenagers are out of the house most ofthe day,
0 parents cant control everything they do,

A: suppose. But they can ground them if they
dont shape up.

exames bad behavior
+ beng nee ard pic
+ boca a tober

@ Rhythm and intonation practice

Æ © Vocabulary. Describing parent and teen behavior. Listen and practice.
Parents can sometimes be

low nes and othe HE The expect to have rd whatever
E Pe

EI correct the adjective in each of the following statements.
1. Parents who always allow their teenage children to stay out late are overprotective
2. Teenagers who demand that hei parents buy everythin

3. When parents never let hei children do things because they are afraid that their children.
will get sick orhurt, they are being strc.

y ask for are rebellious

4. When a ten gets a tattoo against a parents wishes, we say that he or she is istepecfi.

90 unre

5. Parents who make their teenage children clean their rooms every day are lenient
6. Teens who don't listen to adults and often talk back are spilt

El @ Listening comprehension. ustentotheconesstions about paren and een behav. Then
ten age and determine wich acne om ie voce) bet compte eh emo

1. She thinks he's 4. He's angry because she's being,
2. She thnks he's acting 5. He thinks she's
3. He thinks she's 6. She criticize him for being

IB Discussion. Can you identify with any of the people in the listening? Are any of the speakers.
like anyone you know? Explain.

CONVERSATION STARTER + Now discuss parent-teen issues.

|| Pair work. cu and complete te wey. Compare euren. Give pei examples
appears

Circle the rating that most closely expresses your opinion.
1 = umgleyage 2 some age, dsg nthe cates 3 came) dp

Me [rase
es
| Es OK to give in to kids demands sometimes in order to “keep the peace.”
Parents should include in family decision-making. After all, kids"
| Fra

5 god ies fo parents ue phykalpunishment odie ei een.
parent ae st the ds wl become wouter.

vor owe is:

Fares shoul lt ts male enn mias. Big ones wih chien
aos Lis les response.

"Teenage don't always have 10 bey te parents. Sometimes ifs OK 1 sy "na
Teenage sh’ ha 1 hp acude Rose Tre end have enough to de
| ith he schooner
Teenagers are mature sought mae th own decos They hood Rave To
| ak parmi for seno
|
|

Teenage have ight opt They SRG VE ot the parents about
veg ey de
our ow is:

Role Play. Roleplay a conversation in which you discuss parent or ten behavior.

Use the Conversation Snapshot on page 90 asa guide. Sart ke this:

mat do you think parents should doif OR “What do ou think is should do
theirteenage id. bei paren 7

Discussion. ifyou could give parents one piece of advice, what wouldit be? Ifyou could give
teenagers one piece of advice, what would it be?

Compare generations

EI © Word skills. Transforming verbs and adjectives into nouns

un pt — onen for — tame
= sigan — glas enormes
= ‘sara — feta ‘ete — sims
mi min CRE
pr cenas = dominent ons = sect
(mon 2 amen u ie — Mat
= a ‘tle — mty
| Tac = sites | | ce = say
À onde — rasen | | mon = pote
un vase — by saree end — ingentes
ce 2 aa E nent = knoe
ceo Seeesoity | | ont = cede
NOTE Sora ge rer nou IE Bab ana €
EI ice athe words thtarenouns. checkin a dictionary you re not re alii

bout the meaning of word

1. dependency”
2. impatient
3. confidence
4, unfir

5. consider
6. closeness
7. diferent
8, happily

3. attraction

1 © Listening Comprehension. Listen to Par 1 ofa mans description
ofthe generation gap in his Fami. Then answer the questions.

depend dependence
impatience impatiently
confident confide
unfairness unfairly
consideration considerate
close closely
diffrence differentiate
happy happiness
ateact attractive

dependent
confidently
considerately
diferentiation

1. In terms of family size, how did Rimas grow up diferent
from his parents?

2. Why does Rimas' father think teenagers nowadays have more

problems than when he ws growing up?

EI © listen t Part 1 again. Then complete each statement.

1. Rimas grew up in

upin

but his parents grew

2. Rimass extended family includes
and uncles on his mother’s side

3. When Rimas's mother was growing up, every evening she ate
However, when Rimas and his sister
‘were kids, they sometimes had to eat

dinner

92 unre

Vins e apt tn

IB © NowistentoPar 2. Then Isten again and complete the chart by describing the differences
between the two generations. Compare your char with a partners.

How are they different?

(oi rrp antenne |
as
a

iscussion.

1. Why do Rimas's parents worry about him and the future? Way do you think parents always worry
bout their children?

2, In what ways is the Villas family story similar to or diffrent from yours?

r
DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now compare generations.

Step 1. Pair Work. Compare your parent generation with your generation. Wite your ideas on
your notepad. Discuss them with a partner,

My parents’ generation My generation
music
style of clothes
hairstyles / facial hair
atitude toward elders
family responsibilty
language (idioms, slang)
mariage and childbearing
values and belies
other:

Step 2. Discussion.
1 In what ways is your generation most diferent from your parents generation?
What do you like best or respect most about your parents” generation?
2. What contributions do you think your generation will make tothe next generation?
How do you think the next generation will differ from yours?

Describe care for the elderly

© BY Reading Warm-up. mprevous generations how have older fomiy members ational
= been ad or your county?

I © Reading. Read the arte. What impact has China one child policy had on cate or the elder?

Uncertain Future for China’s Elderly

| due to a sham | feu stunten of caring for both thee parents and
increase in As aging | the grandparens, Ms phenomenon is known at à
population, China faces 1-22 fly For everyone ci, there are mo parent
ew social problems in and four grandparents to lock after reli wth
future, according región, many young adults who can afford ae
10 a recent report fom begining to tonstr the responsbiy long after
the Chinese Academy of the elderly rates to pate nuning homes, Th
Sciences. InChinatoda, change in attitude causing some confit and anger
theeldey—peopleaged betusen generations.
60 or olde-—mate up The aging of Chinas population wil have a big
about 11 percent impact on the coontyS future. The less the old an
population. However, depend on the young, the more they may have 10

‘according to United ‘per on the government. In ene attempt del wth
Nations statisti, by 2050 the number of dey | the poble, the goverment has started a nator
wil increase to more than 31 percent hs wend | lottery to re money for ler cre, However, may
tives, the ele could eventaly outnumber | sil need to este more resources 1 care for gayng
young peoples dramas change or China. pepuaton

Wie lowe bintrats and higher fe expectances
are causing sl population shits in mary counts,
‘hs warsfomaton happening fate in China dueto
the stictonechid policy invoduced in 1979. Under
ths pol, couples can have oly ne cd The okey
purpose was 10 stop Chinas bugeoning population
from grosing 100 fast created à generan 0
“eal iden” growing vp via brotes or sites
vo can share th borden of cing for ele fami
member.

‘According to Chinese on, the ele have
‘ays een Ponced and respected by the young, for
ereratons, parents and grandprets have rele on
thes chiden to car fr them in 0d age. But today

an increasing number f ange young ads fae the | Cnel eat ehesten

Source: Adapted ham the Bing Times (August 21,2002)

Discussion.
1. Describe how Chinas population is changing. What is causing those changes?
2. According to the article, what challenges are China's young people facing today?
3. How may elder care in China dife in the future from the traditions ofthe past?

94 wre

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now describe care for the elderly.

Step 1. Pair Work. Discuss he statement and check those you think are rue about care for the
‘elderly in your country

O Most elderly people are adequately cared for
© The way the elderly are cared for has been changing,

DO The elderly usually live with younger family members

DO The elderly usually lve in their own homes or apartments

D The elderly usually live in special nursing homes.

DO The government makes sure the elderly have affordable care.

1D Younger people accept care for elderly relatives as ther responsibility
1D Older people generally prefer not to socialize with younger people.
D Oter:

‘Step 2. Pair Work. Read each case stay. Discus the challenges each person is facing and
recommend solutions.

‘another ea the
ee. cir ee
hoy venga orga
or Sao seen
uo van coking an car

teenage gen Ha mote

te every a

Sern Maa om
Ie nave al parent,

‘tho baca. nas
euro nr can nalen ‘lps mcrae mae
ae a el mont He ten ods mus Nek cones
{eres ign She worte at Bea ma mans has ard
ner get hat , | “vers

Step 3. Discussion. How do you think the elderly wil be care for by the lime you are old?
How would you ik to be caed for? Descrbe the idea situation for elder care, Use language
from the checklist a Step 1

Step 4. Writ

19. Write a description for a visto o your count of how the elderly are cred for.

TL

nit

a

Avoiding comma splices and run-on sentences

+ Use period and captaine
the flloning word
+ Use semicolon.

2 Use a comms anda

ae =

Step 1. Prewriting. “Freewriting” to generate ideas.
Writing quickly without stopping is one way to generate ideas.
Fist choose a family relationship you would keto write about.
‘Then. write anything that comes to mind for ive minutes.
‘Write quickly and do not worry about peling, punctuation et
Finally read what you wrote. Select some of the ideas from
your freewiting and organize them logically

by gracapareste
malayo sap me

Writing: Describe your relationship with a family member

Note two common errors hat writers often make when joining two sentences

‘Comma splice (connecting two sentences with a comma and no conjunction)
INCORRECT: My grandmother taught me how to bake, now Tow how 0 make great cookies

Run-on sentence (connecting sentences without using punctuation)
INCORRECT: My grandmother taught me Row to bake however I neve do.
To comect à comma splice or a un-on sentence, choose one of he following
My grandmother taught me how to bakeiNow I know how to make great cookies
My grandmother taught me how to bakes However, never do
My grandmother taught me how to bake; now know how to make great cookies,
My grandmother taught me how to baky however, ever do.
My grandmother taught me hoe to bake now I knov hows to make gres cookie.
(@ordinting conjunction. My grandmother taught me how to takes never do

ERROR CORRECTION [PERTE
Everyone tel me am a great cock
honte, everything Hew about
baking learned tem my grandmother.
{always helped my grandmother when
she baked we made cookies, cakes,
les and breads together 1 even had
more fun baking than eating the food!
‘At fret | wondered how she was able to
Put various ingredients together witout
measuring cups and rien recipes with
tie, also learned the tricks When my
grandmoter died. she lef me al her
Baking and cooking equipment and many
years of wonderful memories.

‘Step 2. Writing. On a separate sheet of popes wre a paragraph about the relationship you
chose. include a topic sentence that expresses your main ida, Avoid comma splices and run-on

Step 3. Self-Check.

Dia you write any run-on sentences? Comma splices? Ifso,corect them

Bo aithe sentences support the topic sentence?

O Isthe paragraph interesting? What could you add to make it more interesting?

96 wre

unit § CHECKPOINT

EN © Listening Comprehension. Listen othe conversations about generational issues. Then
lstento each conversation gain and complete each statement with the correct comparative

1. Philipiespending time on his homework
a. more and more bo less and less
2 the more her mother worries.
a. ThelaterSandistaysout b The older Sandi gets
3. The stricter is father ges, she becomes.
a. the more rebellious bo the more spoiled
4. The older the sisters get,
‘a thesmarter they become the more they appreciate their parents

ED write the adjective that best describes the behavior in each statement.

1. Marks parents don’t allow him to watch more than to hours of TY à day but
most of his fiends can watch as much as they want. He fees that his parents

Karen has a closet full of expensive clothes, yet she always complains about

ot having anything to wear. Her parents usually buy her whatever she wants.

‘Alot of people think Karen is

3. Even though she has had her drivers license fora year and a half Mariss'
parents worry about her diving at night. They say that i’s too dangerous, but
‘Marissa thinks they re just being

4. When Clyde's grandfather asked him to torn down the volume on his
CCD player, he ignored him and continued to listen to his music. Clyde's
grandfather thought this was very

$. Rodney and Carolyn believe parents dont need to be so concerned about their
children, They rarely set rules fr their kids. Carolyn’ sister thinks this Is a bad
idea. She feels they're

6. Deanna wears clothing that her parents find shocking. She also has friends that
her parents don’t approve of. Her mother wishes she weren' so

TE cowect the part of speech of any of the incorect underined words.
1. Teenagers were given alot more responsibility when I was young,
2. Y think teenagers today lack the mature te make decisions for themselves.
3. The main reason young people ae rebellious today is slfishness.
kids today were taught about courteous, they would be better behaved,

There's no question that teenagers today demand more independent than they
did ity years ago.

I important tobe involved in your childs development
7. Young people havea lot more mobile than they did several generations ago.
Te scems like there's lot more rebellious among teenagers today

4
5

97

PREVIEW

UNIT GOALS

History’s Mysteries

EI Topic Preview. Take the quiz with partner and discuss
your answers,

The World's Easiest Quiz...
OFS i neg era a ru a

gn Wall the answer may not be what you think Take a stab ae this quiz and
“ow ag the ane ve wha wating Gao Vo

‘Warn ese Europe Engst nme

scons Soya ose

Boyes je Bas a ter

Ed een
ni
Be ee
el bcrimsonred dd white

a

3. rom wich animals do we
seca toon ng?

9. at cour do Cinesa
Be doe pind

teers: come fom
Soha Snte
Ele New Zend
A. Thefomer USSR used 1 celebre
‘Oaober Rein a hen men
Wonder € Becenber
a ane io ng se ay Ys
sos caen

variar Frs Dress
parade ot
Se à Era ECTS
Se Sem
= cornet Hm... Maybe your
Neier pear sa
Net ny ©,
16. The Cary sd nthe Atar rar
Owen er chat ar smear
LEA es 610 coma. Ba sg pans
DEN Eee

stot gon D nd qe rap non nm ou LES
“Som tat psn poy cries kar oe me pci in pono
en Lot He Aa. D et
QD a Ge PL NY

[EI Discussion. Did you have a particular reason for each of the answers you chose? Did you just take “wild
guesses” or did you use “the process of elimination”? Which method do you think works better? Way?

98 wurs

I © sound Bites. Read and listen toa conversation about a
wren mystery
{TOR sw the mos fascinating TV program about Bigfoot ost ight.
Part Boo Dont el me you boy tat tone
VICTOR: Youre sucha skeptic Who tay tose things don ext?
ow ee woud you expli lose sightings over the ean?
arr Couldve been gra
VICTOR: nthe US? Ion hinkse. Tere’ o qustion—Bgfotis reat
PATTY: Get ou feet Theres no such hing as Bigfoot You have
Such a imagination

VICTOR: Youd change your mind ifyou seen that program. Bigfoot
PATTY: The only vay Td change my mind sf saw one of them Mary people ohne een hay,
with my own two eyes, Seeing ls believing as far as Im concerned, tae Cero Saleen te

El in Other Words. Read the conversation again. Withapartne, OMR famous 1967 image
Se an ne
1 Don ayas by test “onthe!
mapa À ute sha nu
A “Sagi

[sans poner

Pair Work. Read about these two mysteries. How possible sitiar each is tue?
Discuss your opinions with a partner.

‘The Bermuda Triangle |
er sever enuf ina vagues oh

The Loch Ness Monster Sree acs,
manner ra
ea rt
in Send ce EBENE
FREIE

O——O-

He)

| GONvVerRsA

bi

Speculate about the
out-of-the-ordinary

EX © CONVERSATION SNAPSHOT

Az I wonder where Stacey is.
She said she'd be hereby ten,

8: Do you think something
happened?

Ar Beats me.

8: Well Im sure t's nothing
il bet she's stuck in trafic

Be Youre probably right.

8: Why else would she be late?

Ar Lean’tim

@ Rhythm and intonation practice

[EL Grammar. indirect speech with modals
REMEMBER: hen reporting verb sia a pst orm, ver
inthe nat speech statement usualy changes r "Docs"

weal to tesa.” + Shes ase had gen

‘Some medals lo Dni in inge! speech
ite thereby su.” > tsa (Pal would e mor by 2.
a ey at cae on tie

Tey tame (a tna egy ican

Same moats dont back in inet seee.

Sos sal uy” "à She 1 at be shoud ur
Ho might eal ungen“ I, Mesa al] ho mht a eg

Pris modae never takai in inet see,

“he must ha frotan -> He sad hat hy mast have frat,

TF change each sentence rom direct to indirect speech.
1. He told me, "You shouldn't worry if arrive a itl nt.”
2. He said, "Students must arrive fifteen minutes col:
3. “Jack may have goten lost.” he said
4. “They might have forgotten their luggage,” she said
5. She told me, “cal you as soon as get there.

6. She told us, "may have to cancel the meeting”

7. He told me, come car

8. “You ought to phone firs” she told me.

100 vus

iy tober te ag” She sad
{Bat her ber ad goto der it

EI 9 Vocabulary. Ways to express certainty. Listen and practice

} sertsoning

‘Most likely
Probably
mie

EE
| Tews tenon

CC EC

guess | Maybe
Limos} sheet, wepoible } tetonas
Tatppote Teo be

CONVERSATION STARTER + Now speculate about the out-of-the-ordinary.

Pair Work. Choose one ofthe out-ofihe-ordinary situations below
À | or create your own. Discuss and speculate about the situation. On a
‘separate sheet of paper use the vocabulary to write four sentences
about the situation in which you are very certain, amos certain,
Somewhat certain and not certain.

ZU ber the elevator iit working.

10,920 nd you enter hast
AS

vote ting tate ne tr domi
| rogetsememnen You've been wating for
BEE een mine

Role Play. Roleplay the situation ON
you chose or choose anather one, Monday aj dl icon.
Specilatng about what you think Rte
happened, Us he Conversation

Snapshot on page 10 a a guide
Strike is: wonder

101

© Present a theory about a past event

EY © GRAMMAR SNAPSHOT. fead the arcs and notice the us of perfect modalsin the passive voice

—______
An Explosion in Tunguska

STONE BALL Bauern]

= catastrophic proporens tha he area mat ane

GRAMIVAR

Su Siam
on sects, meme atts
Seat. a a le

metes in dametet. investigate te cien

À fau centimeters to over tuo, .
ns Almost al of

me weigh as much as 16 10
Se en So ard sone and are deny mage

Toure ano mass con

Æ Discussion. Are you fair wit either of
these stories? Have you heard about anyother
similar mysteries? Describe them,

GB Grammar. Perfect modals in the passive voice for speculating about the past
‘You can use may, mi, oul, miso hada 1 speculate with trot dgres of erat bout the past. Use
the pas wee Ihe pre fhe ation i know oi ou want o ecos on rece el Sc.
‘The cosas might or may) nave been ile ya ets
fot catain {The tees cous nae bem det ya
The que foes might wtf may nt hae been ot
‘The sone bats must hae been moved wing aras

atest conan (e mon hr nen doco on ie.

The cae has ha bon cours bya mettle

nero { écarte ae

‘Short responses with perfact modas in In passive voice
Is poso ey were ls by meterte? They moy have been

Do eu uk hy mar mao y Rae? Ty ha o nave been,
wonder ey coda have ut ls y calé have been
Cal tay ar om sl They might have been

102 ura

EI complete each conversation about these sensational headlines, using perfect modals in the passive voice.
Make sure each conversation makes sense.

SHOCI REVE E
Harvard Professor Claims Egyptian | Per

Built by Aliens from Outer Space

nn) A Do you ink van Gogh
% Ar Do ou thnk the pyramids ty hi bro?

By lens from ouer pace? 8: Oh come on! He

No way! They Ajust dont ‘Everyone knows he killed himself

Bere tat

rs Woman Attacked by Tiger
New Zealanı HUE
Dinosaurs killed by Giant Tsunami While Shopping in Londo:

— Do you think someone
2. A: Do you belive the dinosaurs bya tiger in London?
by à giant tsunami? 8: Get out of here! That story
They It might explain how mode up!
‘hey all disappeared so quickly Az 1 guess you're right. I

| CRAMMAR EXCHANGE + Now present a theory about a past event.

Pair Work. Read about each mystery and the theorie explaining it. Which theory do you thinks the
most posible? Speculate with perfect modal in the passive voice when possible.

The Nazca
Lines
‘ee sages
mann
euro nen
Hayes
0 ore he pele nto mie em u Ga ad Ana He css
he en ma y wee cage gues Sa Manga ses
Canon ese tam an apie. Noa ames 0:8 ee says ue cores om
Pon te er mac. Puros apt

Pace Moore

They canes by ance pepa une fort are commun estaa
een ea ta vasco a
ln mer, asia ad tk he ot
Cad 827 br ware dus Are pce acord by acen
‘Spoons ce totes We brow toca aso”

© Pato was chad nto bavi a
‘pene tha scot ci

) Stonehenge
se aw e
rl
a eto ee
one salami
AA
ae
sere
Ben
en

Eu

© They ware crate yas, who wer
‘Mio oe ta fom ne aceon

“ese be enema
Presentation: Gocteone cle A

| postie gls eme andes why you bles. | Riese That what ees
themostsensetome”

5) Discuss how believable a story is

EY © Word Skills. Using adjectives withthe suf

cable

debatable not easy to prove because more
than one explanation e possible
The cose the explosion i debatable expre
disagree.

o D compe xt sect wth
believable can be accepted as true because it a Tape a

2 seems possible id en the suffix -able. Use each adjective only once.

5 TI Eye et Hee op Leu Tout

Í ad a coal fave

E fell

=

2. think she's telling the truth, He
description of the events sounds very

3. Itishighiy whether
sed

provable can be shown tobe definitely true
Ton’ hin your theory lb robe unless detector” testing should
lor eidener cn be found as evidence. Experts continue to argue

|
| about what the test results realy mean,

questionable uncertain but more ely © | 4. What happened tothe dinosaurs not
|

Sanne relly here nothing
Ha omc ema ihr beri Bat an show with ean hat ely
va happened
ngotable impossible to prove 3. The mystery of what happened tothe
This metry any ewe Exeyne tof famous US pilot Amel Earhart most
st ppt ne ongle thay Since her body aná
= ws = y the plane have never been found,

sv]

1 © Listening Comprehension. Listen t Part of historica mystery. What happened to the
Russian royal ami? What's mysterious about this event?

Russia’s Royal Family: An Enduring Mystery eine"

empres Amanda
Sith nee eae, Oo.

DD 9 now listen t Part 2. what happened in 1991, and what facts id it seem to prove? Why sit
sta mystery?

EB complete each statement according o the listening, Listen to Part 2 again
inecessar
1. The gars son, Alexei,
might have been executed with the rest ofthe family
bo must have been executed with the est ofthe family
2. Rescarchers believed that five of the nine bodies
discovered in 1991
3. couldn’ have been the royal family
bo. Had to have been the royal fami
3. Anna Anderson, sho claimed to be Anastasia,
a. @uldn’t have been Anastasia
bo might have been Anastasia
4. More recently some scientists believed thatthe bodies
‘ight nat have been the ezar's family
bad to have been the czar'sfomily

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now discuss how believable a story is.

Step 1. Group Work. Think things you have done that
might surprise your classmates. In groups Of tee tell each
‘other about one such experience.

T studied to
bean
opera singer

studied to
Step 2. Game: Totellthe truth. in your bean
group choose one experience that al opera singer.

re of you wil claim a your ov, The

resto the class asks members of yout Some ia or
Sroup questions in order to determine re
eh ofyou'steling the wth. Moke your par
Sores believable to your dssmats. Dore
Final after al questions have been Md
asked the lass takes a vote on who epa
they ik seing the ra ra

Step 3. Discussion. After each group
plays the game, explain why you think
Some students stories were more
elevable than others

though jour story wos

questionable because
vor obvious thatyou were
teling the wh because...”

| Evaluate the trustworthiness of news sources

EX Reading Warm-up. Lookatthe photos

READING)

Rough they ocaurved fey years

>»

and headings in he magazin ate, Are
you familar with ether ofthese tories?
‘What do you know about them?

EI © Reading. Read the aci. why do
You think so many people beleved these

‘par, bath ofthese

‘Bectoctlor hoaxes took the word by storm.

ra

The Loch
Monster

Ness
Story

Imereti, Ka mae à

Pair Work. Discuss how best to complete each statement with names from the article.

The Loch Ness Monster Story Tre Hier Davis” Hoax
1 admit that he Loch Ness 1 lied wo have discovered the Hitler
Monster photo was has. Diaries
2. The fake Loch Ness Monster was made 2. Der Strclaim that had writen the
yy diary was questionable
2 didntreally take the photo ofthe 3. Konrad Kajas was simi tobe
¡Loch Ness Monster; the photo was, 4. The evidence showed that the Hitler Diaries
actualy taken by ren aca writen by
al i i al 5. Der Stern na almost 10 million marks to
by „not to Dr. Fischer,
EI Discussion.

1. Why do you think the media get fooled by sensational hoaxes? Why do they seem to
publish these stories so quickly?
2. Do you think hoaxes should be considered a crime, or are they harmless? Why?

(osscussion BUILDER + Now evaluate the trustworthiness of news sources.

Step 1. Pair Work. Complete the survey. Which of you do you thinks more skeptical? Explain your answers.

nat percentage cf th news you red in the newspaper do you ins te? DDD IT
Wat percentage ofthe news you hear on TV or aso do you inkistme? À À À OU 0

Mat percentage of what pican say do you think is tue? 200000
Mat patcemage of what ou rad on ie Internet do yu think is ua? 000000
Wat percentage of what adverse say do you thinks te? 000000
Wat percentage of what you fa says do you thnks tue?

Step 2. On your notepa ist media news sources from print rao. TV othe Internet that you trust and
‘ones hat you dont. Give reasons fr your choices.

‘The news sources I trust the most

Step 3. Discussion. why do you trust some news sources and not others? Do you and your assmates
agree on any? How can you determine ithe information you read or hears true or not?

Writing: Write a news article

‘Avoiding sentence fragments
[sentence fragments a group of words that does not
express complete thought
Two common fragments are

pendent ius: 2 ou of worst contes

a sect nda verb tu begins with a storing
Conjunto, making en compete hog

FRAGMENT: Because the banker admite 1 frau

phrase: a ou al worst oes ot man
2 beet anda vet.

FRAGMENT: With his help.

FRAGMENT: At the end of the you.
FRAGMENT: The man giving the spec

To correct a sentence fragment. do one ofthe folowing
Ach age a independent cause 1 compete
ine Do.

Because the Banker admitted 0 fu, the bank
ar closed down
We found the hospital with his help
+ Ad asc an ra ver emake te agent ino
‘She graduated atthe nd ofthe yeas

‘The man giving the spec needs a microphone,

Benefit to Save Library

La Motel, our ton Dose a ere cancer. To
be ste the od Bug that un to te ane
DovlorsamnuncedapaionarticbulUng dean Re
ions go. Besse many people fel a coment one
bay. The town decided te money le os
Pole. The ei comen was atc Ma ls
‘skis peter, nd loo

Step 1. Prewriting. Generating ideas with information questions.

A news arce usualy answers information questions about an event,

ola

recent news even, This wil e he topic of your atic. On your notepad. write
information questions about the tope to help generat ide,

‘Topic:

Wee

wae

When?

Were?

How?

108 unis

Step 2. Writing. Ona separate sheet of
paper write an article about the event
answering your questions rom Step 1
“ry o include as much information as
ou can. Choose a title that eflctsthe
main idea of your article.

Step 3. Self-Check.

D Did you write any sentence
fragments? ifso.corect them.

© De you havea clear topic sentence?

D the article interesting? Could you
add any more details?

unit 9 CHECKPOINT Es

Som Companion Webs à

EI © Listening Comprehension. Usten tthe conversations. Then ste to each conversation
again and choose the statement thats closer In meaning to what each person sid

1 The woman said she thought
a. it was possible Bill had overslept
bo. most likely Bil had overslept
The woman said she thought

it was possible the wallet could be Gina's
bo itwas obvious the wallet was Gina's
The man said he thought

a. the president may have been involved in the seandal
bo the president had clearly been involved inthe scandal

The man sad he thought
the story could possibly be a hoax
bo the story couldn't possibly be true
EI change each sentence from directo indirect speech.
1. She sald, “The job will be completed by Monday“

He told me, “Your parents should take the early Aight”
My boss sai, “Rita may be interested in visting the art museum.”
The school director told us, "Your children must come to clas on time”

‘The clerk said to him, “Your package can be picked up anytime before 5:00 Pt.”

‘The agent tld them, "Your passports have tobe renewed by tomorrow

[ona separate sheet of paper write your own response to each question, using varying degrees
‘of certainty. Explain your theory.

2 space ite possible, but 3 ray don? belive it

1. Do you think Bigfoot is real? Me
‘We know that the photograph ofthe Loch Ness Monster was a hoax, but do you think
the Loch Ness Monster exist?

Do you believe there's something mysterious about the Bermuda Triangle that causes ships
todicappear?
Do you think the damage to the forests in Tunguska was caused by a meteorite?

PREVIEW

Your Free Time

A Topic Preview. Red abst hes rcclsl vas

at didnt achieve their

110 uurso

UNIT GOALS

I © Sound Bites. Read and sten 0 à
conversation between two close fiends at
the office,

ED: [caí take anymore. This jobs really
getting tome.

KIM: Hey sounds ike you could use a break

ED: Are you kidding? Im up tomy eosin
paperwork

KIM: Wen was the st time you took some
time off

ED: Come to think ofits been over a yet 1
vas Supposed to take off afew wee in
January, bt tust got too busy around her.

ie Then it sounds Ike à ile Rand R" would
do you some good.

ED: You right. And anyway, cn always bing
my laptop along and catch up on my work

KIM: Listen, leave the laptop at home! You need
to ust take it easy fora while,

[El in Other Words. Read the conversation
again, With a partner explain the meaning,
ofthe following statements

1. This job is really geting to me, 4. “Alitle Rand R would do you some good.
2. "Are you kidding? 5. “Lean catch up on my work

3. "Tim up to my ears in paperwork” 6. “You need to jus take it sy

STARTING POINT
How do you usual spend your ree time? Check al that apply.

O thang outwith other people

O Ispend my time alone.

O rtake easy

O Hina something exciting to do.

O Leatch up on the chores never
have time for

O Tech up on work.

O tuse my time to learn something new.

1 sitaround and worry about what need to do.

O otter:

Pair Work. Compare how you spend yourfre time. How similar are
youand your partner?

3

Explain the benefits of leisure activities

EI © CONVERSATION SNAPSHOT ek

—
EEE à fre taken up Go recently. Do you pay?
sea 2 A,

: No. I've never even heard oft. What's Go?

FF

a great Japanese game. Kind of like chess

+ That to say this, but I find chess a litle boring $
A: Well even so, you should give ta try Ithinkits à

intellectually stimulating. Im sure you'd like i
@ Rhythm and intonation practice

@ Word Skills. Using collocations for leisure activities. Add your own game, fitness activity,
hobby or handicraft.

APP a
| J F
"lay Ping-Pong”
Fu dra a

a

IB Discussion. which, if any. leisure activities do you do? Which would you like to take up someday?
Which activities are Ihe most popular in your class?

112 ur

El Word Sk. Moditying with adverbs. Use an aveo modifs baron
jet: Many res fomes ang tan sete

un
Karate challenges you physically. You have to work your body

© resis A

eave — rota
oia! — emotional
(once inercia
Mana teeth
ses arya

really hard if you want to be good a it. (modifies verb) Solar oa
pod on air
| find ches intellectaaly simulating. You have to use your head to play =
it wel, (modes adjective

complete the statement with an appropriate adverb. Compare your choices with a partner. bree

1. Building one-of-a-kind furniture is what makes woodworking so satisying
2. While it docsn’ feature the punching and kicking found in karate or kung fu, a serious yoga
workout can be as fu as any martial art.

3. Even though there are computer programs that can defeat the greatest chess players, there has
ever been a program “smart” enough to win the challenging game of Go.

A. They say rasing tropical ich can really set you back ‘They're very expensive

EB Pair Work. Recommend a leisure activity for each ofthe people below. Explain why you made that choice.

STREET
ee
Cottier

y aos
Dares
See

"et opens up my own apc
bin. mao ene
(mom. Balance work anatomy
Farah alegro nen eo
usa te tenes de

7 something ewe

‘onthe estando. ut even ho,
Feo anoysit go oft. Ie
ge aay ae my man

Era ee tomy te

CONVERSATION STARTER + Now explain the benefits of leisure acti

Pair Work. Discuss an ist leiste activities you thnk tin each category

physically challenging

‘emotionally satisfying intellectually stimulating

just plain fun!

alt your partner about a ese activity you have taken upor that you woul ket try. Explain why you ie
Use the Conversation Snapshot on page 1123 a guide. Start ke this: “Ive taken up recently”

£4 Describe hobbies and other interests

EI © GRAMMAR SNAPSHOT. Read the message-board posts and notice the use of noun modifers.

Qhtervoards =

Does anyone out there have any weird or unusual hobbies oi
“Gecko BIER Lacio > assis Raa > Haag > A weird Robby’?

Sameer
1 Pose) | UP and down the beach with one of those silly metal detectors looking for ost coins and
‘watches Hey, it keeps me out of rouble RE

ER a es ek Ws kn ana a a er EEE]
A

"Speaking o ebsesions, min 1 ting Realy, an top Soon scares, ick
1 Posts (im) | multicolored sweaters, cute little teapot warmers. . . .1 keep churning them out whether
iy tends and tay wan am a oan

o boing ot ind

[El Grammar. Order of modifiers
en neon most by moe than one wort, moss usually appar In De lowing rr
© determine ano yy

Se nn ma ve Cana men we maria
9 Seats wnt som na en
ns te aoe sacs ms
‘he ona pe hs Eros
Reelin Ba bn cu, mé de ne |
msc aon. mo spel en dog BE CARFUL Papen compo
re EE
Éd a
‘origin: British, handmade SS

mei: ss, sk, mt
© oun det, bao, ook tt

ry fs fe Deo aqu Cech esta sugar tows
a }

114 wurıo

TF ona separate sheet of paper remrte each sentence, correcting the order
ofthe noun modifiers.

Are you going to wear that green ugly cotton shirt?
. That was the most interesting French old film Ive ever seen.
3. 1 gave hera wooden beautiful round box that I picked up during my tip.
She bought an Italian hundred-year-old expensive violin,

Isn't this the third mystery historical novel you've read this month?
He bought her silk white gorgeous handkerchief

Pee

[El complete the sentences with compound modifiers. using the descriptions in parentheses.

| 1. She bought anew - bike
2. They offera introduetory class at the new yoga school
3. We gave her a small a pillow.
4. The company sent him a z tot
3. The government announced a plan for protecting

the environment

GRAMMAR EXCHANGE + Now describe hobbies and other interests.

Think of some things you and people you know lke todo or make. On your notepad, wie sentences
about these hobbies o interests using atleast three noun modifes to describe each.

no Laon cottecting beast antique handmade paper cols for years
ya biackoaneniito Hollywood moves

Group Work. Walkaround the classroom and interview your classmates about the hobbies and interests
they wrote about on their notepads. Then tll your lass About the most interesting hobbies or interests you
heard about using noun modifiers.

Compare your use of leisure time

Reading Warm-up. Ar you satisfied with the amount of lute time you haven your He?

IE 0 Reading. Read the arco. whats the authors main point about technology today?

IS TECHNOLOGY KILLING
LEISURE TIME? .....

surveys suggest that he Inthe od dys trenes between communiy
chnoiogcatos we ue to make work and leur ine we matey increasingly (

READING

era Siena ee
e A
ee ee
Kar pep
aa y rra ie e rs
ones es nd mer SiN oa ee ame
more Sa eee ET
SE Tana hath coat *
ipa eine Tis hat
Se Train epi "dag was pn e
‘a cl phones, worker to putin longer ta fru. New ednobgis,
a oe mien nae San geek nsoch we
esis ay Be ins contd vat, te fer sors of beets
Be m eme de Siemens Shen tet
communications devices. As a result, 100 make life more dificult and
nee eee sey
Denen Tears
ee ee
nen Bene Seen

Pose ben mue engen ee en, Behr epica 0
|, eee a ie
E RE Sen cues

Soe oe
eno ee

“cooing off ei

Bose, colegues, and Fam
Bat hee we are at the stat of the hones Ana ande and
2ta cent engin one of the — mans to ers mo

‘gests tecnologia boom tes in allemal
man history, an nothing cous e ges. ven cole sents
further from te truth. The vey tod fave Become Bound D
that were supposed to Here us desksbyan enmonnent
have bound u 0 our work andstudy ae la

In way that were nconcenabejutt funds ang

à few years 290 would seem Pt Our embers
technology amos never does what Dl ea

eprint Wom dasha writen by John Ka

Discussion.

1. The author states that advances in technology such as e-mail, voice mail cell phones, and the
Internet are “destroying any idea of privacy and leisure.” How do you think each of these
technologies do that in his view? Give specific examples.

2. The author state that “technology almost never docs what we expect.” What expectations do
people have each time a new technology appears? Give examples with specific technologies.

3. Do you agree with the authors poin of view in the article? Why or why not

DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now compare your use of leisure time.

Step 1. Complete the survey. Thence the activities you truly consider to be eur activities”

a A heck how frequently you do each of the following activ

analog crane i

0
10)
0
0

00

ot howsework
suring the We

‘atchingup on personal mall

ing in touch wi friends by elephon |
sping te with fay

attnting etal events

working oma hobby interest

‘laying games (eee ard games sports)
reading for pleasure

Inteningto music

nating TV

exercising

tasimanane

estimo

other

000000000000000
000000000000000

00000000000000
1000000000000000

Al

¿1000000000000000

E
|

Step 2. Pair Work. Compare how you spend your time. Which activities do you wish
you spent more time on? Are there any you think ou spend too much time on?

Step 3. Discussion. In what ways does technology
‘dtr imerer with your leisuretime? What can
you do to keep work or study balanced wih ese
time in your fe?

Discuss the risk-taking personality

EY © Listening Comprehension, Listen tothe interview
th psychologist. Then listen again and wie a description
{or each of the two persona types the psychologist describes,

Whatisa"big Y” personality? Whats "small personality?

EB Discussion. Where do you fit on the risk-taking continuum? Do you have a "big Tor.
small personality? Give examples to support your opinion

EI © Vocabulary. Ways to express fear and fearlessness. Listen and practice

TED = A

‘Skydiving doesn't sare me abit ©) stydivingscares the life out of me. |

à Es

There nota chance
would go surfing

You woulde't catch me
whitewater rafting
‘You'd have to be out of your mind to
go bungee jumping

Bungee jumping sno sweat, JX

There's nothing
Tike surfing

1 can't get enough of
sehite water rafting

118 vue

EI Pair Work. use the expressions from the vocabulary to discuss
which extreme sports you would or would not bewiling to do,

r
_ DISCUSSION BUILDER + Now discuss the risk-taking personality.

Step 1. Pair Work. What’ the isklest thing our partner has ever done? Interview him
‘other and take notes on your notepad. Where would you place your partner on the
fisktaking continuum?

wnat? Other details:
Where?
When?

Step 2. Group Work. in small groups compare your partners experiences. Then decide who the
most faves.

Step 3. Discussion,

1. In your opinion, why does one person develop into a risk-taker and another into a riskavoider?

2. Do you think risk-taking is a healthy type of behavior? Where do you think the best place to be
on the risk-taking continuum is? Why?

Writing: Comment on another's point of view

Expressing and supporting your opinion |

en you write o critique or comment on another’ spoken or witten ideas, present your easons
logical using connecting words o give reasons nd La sequence your ideas. |

‘Giving reasons |
Tigre Because tink pol sly at lat of re me

Tints why ink author wrong

We def have mor mice we re be wok om home os len

On account of people using laptop, they et work done faster. re.

van ewortirs ac he us nase me
First f al 1 agree wit Jon Katz min point. Sense a pi
Taso think he males goo! point about modern techno: sd

desata Ai na or be | LEE
Mealy ep o ci ha o io odo. | PoR ai Tar
i = etme Cast”
Step 1. Prewtting. Developing argument, SE cna ph
Tend thei efes olas tt Maas arg
mon eme nas Se done soni
D mo de pee Ona ——
tote chet pope de De ong Tao aor une Du Poche
Ppa ce cos call = eae ea
NA rae

‘most now inentione. The popularity of
most new technologies proves thar
people are happy with Pom

Step 2. Writing. On a separate sheet ofpaper,
‘wit a citique ofthe article. State your own -
‘opinion at the beginning. Use the sentences you
“underined and the comments you wrote to
support your opinion.

Step 3. Self-Check.
© 1s your opinion leary states?
D id you use connecting words to support your reasons and sequence your ideas?
(D id you use quotation marks when using the authors own words?
© id you paraphrase the authors words when you didnt use direct speech?

120 ur io

EI © Listening Comprehension. Listen to the conversations about free
sure activity the people are discussing,

1 Dagome — Cafitness activity Clahobby a handicrait
2 Dageme Da fitness activ Dahoboy — Dahandicratt
3 Dagame Ca fitness activ Dahoboy Da handieraft
4 Dagame — Daftmessaciviy Dahabby Da handicraft

EB categorize ie leisure activities in the box. Use a dictionary for words you dont know.
‘a other activites,

hobbies handicrafts — Mines activites

collecting stamps lifting weights
makingjeweiny sewing
playing checkers doing puedes
doing tac kwon do kniting,
playing cards restoring old cars
rowing roses ring iguanas

1 Use the words in the box to modify the nouns. Use a least three modifies for each noun.

a/an— this/that his/her new intelligent English
some many green stylish black handmade
adorable destructive sincore clever antique South American
ashy young small cotton fiendlÿ las

. sweater

2 parrot

3 student

4 teacup

E complete the statement in your own way
1 scares the lie out of me.
2. You'd have tobe out of your mind to
3. You wouldn't catch me
docsn't scare me abit
5. Lean’ wait to
6. There's nothing ike

Grammar Booster

Te Grammer Boosters optional. I provides more explanation and practice as well a5 additional grammar concepts.

Unit 1

Gerunds and infinitives: summary IE

Gerunds Some ver canon be felowed by a gerund. |

Forense er 2 on at
A gero ünebons sa sun. gana ar gerund phrase canbe he subject Haan no
ota senenen, a ict or nde! eect, a subject complement or the bject en sot mal heat in.

end Vers con ol be fotlowed by an inte. |
‘Un bared te tute a ps et nc mo |
Neve bing o ith oy. fret He compita mn corse
Teen ar tering new ngs. at gen Lic ee pt
Here soe te x geting say Pa M eet! soma yn canbe ood y grind orn
‘peste ‘nae who change ac.
tues erg or
termes otic oo
‘nines ucts as noun. An iia or lv pre cn me es eure an jc otr anto
ei sujet a sentence Du les a subjects re ofen emaldrnd o incas eto ey pole
Sar is mor corn use at impr as he St Hands ven otto eos
Tobe nest nt asaya The stad penser spe it
Gran ay be honest same acts canbe lowes an if
An inte nie pave an e à rt jet oa abet empleen. sivas urban panal
Iw se essere ro et "a dapat there reve
Mo ce tag spate wi ind et oper Fora come totam aden,
sa ie er au can cess pee. nd ren olor br ort
iste im rie ‘ants sn page stint Aspen.
We supe bay some gs =

EY compiete each sentence with a gerund or infinitive form of the verb. Refer to page A3 nthe
Appendices if necessary.

1, We were delighted out that we ad won the contest
2. Besureto thank your father for me get that interview:
3. She goes o he gym five times a week in shape

4. Don't be surprised it he refuses with them,

other people for help is sometimes hard to do.
6. They definitely won't permit you that on board.

ED ona separate sheet of paper, rewrite the following sentences, using an impersonal as the
subject ofthe semence.
1. To pass the examination is not the eases thing in the world.
2. To speak English uently is my greatest wish
3. Tolive in an Englishspeaking country might bean exiting experience,
4 To know when to use an infinitive and when to use a gerund is pretty confusing

parallelism with gerunds and infinitives

‘commen error informal writen Engl mg erunás ang its when sing tes
Ina sees, AUS! ems shox side be all gernds e al tie.

"en at me a rom wor, peter eli home, spending tine win my fay, an geting

ings done rund e hause,

NOT pee eat al ome, sensing tine with my ty an tH ings done aun te hause

‘can stan get up ea singe us

NOT Et stan en up ine an oats us.

‘nasties, iter use with al the les ny wh the st oe.
‘Wen ak me of om work pateo relax hr, spend Une wih y ay, nd get gs
‘dine und De ore.
NOT When ake ne af tom wor petro ls home, sper me wh my fay, ad
‘ge gs doe acu De hese

KE ona separate sheet of paper correct the errors in parallel inthe following sentences,
1. After she arrived in London, she began to write long letters home and calling her parents at
all hours ofthe night.

2. There are two things I really cant stand doing: speaking in front of large audiences and
chat with people don't know at partes

3. Right before midnight, everyone began to sing, dance, and to welcome in the new peor
4. There's no question | prefer using al my vacation time and take along vacation.

E complete the following sentences using appropriate gerund or infnive forms. Refer to page A3
Inthe Appendices if necessary.

1. 1would suggest out the form immediately and copy for
your records
2. Did you remember off the stove, the windows, and
the door before you left?
3. It’s ebvious from her e-mails that she really loves the culture,
new people, and just there. Ñ
A. Ldon’tthinkthey permit photogrphsor recorder
5. Lreally wouldn't mind ‘them out to dinner or thom

around if you'd like me to.

6. Hepromised the report home,
toany questions by the nextday.

62

Unit 2

ished and unfinished actions: summary
Finished actions
‘ee the simple past ese othe pat of efor an action isos at speed ie inthe pas.
“hey watanes Pat DW este.
‘es the preset pret for an action ished atan unspcii tine in the as.
“hyve watched tat DD ee ines.
‘Use the past pres lero action hat was tbe ele anote action athe past
‘ne ere. ey had aad ated te DD)
TE: amough he continous aspect is se or acne In progres, present pre! cotmows is
“sometimes used for very rca completed actions, especialy to emphasize duration,
They've Been watching tat DID a aro, bt te done non

Untinished actions

Use the present perfect O ne present pret coimows fr unica actions tat began inte pat nd may
‘ini ne te (tr. Ue te present perfect continous fuer emprasie tat the acen 5 coninoss.
‘Sh’ tenes t Ray Cares Lt er. And she may core]
OR Shes ben listening we Ray Cases for ur. nd sa may conse)

EI complete the article, using the simple past tense, the past of be, or the present perfect.

World Musics not ell tre genre of mic

is combination of musical genres fom around the
‘world Fora numberof years, recording companies the term to describe the museo artists who
they fel could appeal to new audiences across cultures. The concept of World Musie fis created
ter US. singer / songer Paul Simon is hugely succes Graceland album in 1986. Atthat
tine, he South Africa's male chit Ladysmith Black Mambazo and rock group Savuka to accompany
im on dhe recording. Both groups ter with hm around the word. This extng collaboration
immediatly to European and North American audiences, who were attracted to this diferent sound.
Since that img as more artists foreach new audiences there an ineeased amount
of “essocer"—that is, musicians inftuencing cach oer across cultures, Enthusiasm for muse from other cultures

stead

ts suchas Antique Kidjo and Carlos Vives, who were well-known within specific

regions such as Africa or Latin America, international stars, and mainstream music

many ofthe features ofthese amis

EX Read each statement, Then decide which description is closer in meaning.

1. By the time hard about tthe concert had sold out.
a. First heard about the concer. Then it sold out
1. First concert sold out, Then Thentd about it
2. After he'd won the acord, he got a big recording contract.
3. First he got the recording conract Then he won the award.
3. Firsthe won the award. Then he got the recording contract
3. We wanted to goto his performance because we'd heard his new CD.
First we heard his CD. Then we wanted to go to his performance.
1. First we wanted to go to his performance. Then we heard his CD.
4. Held played at lot of different halls before he performed at Carnegie Hal
a. Firsthe performed at Carnegie Hall, Then he played at a lot of different hall
1. First he played at a lot of different hall. Then he performed at Carnegie Hall.

‘The past perfect continuous.
‘Use the past perfect caninos fr a contausus action thet secure and ties before an ene me or event.
By 198, be had ben stucying Frech abate year.
hes eet Dogan, be sudor ha ben wali e wer an Ro.
NOTE: Ths structure tend to occur mae in formal wing an in speaking.

I Use the present perfect continuous or the past perfect continuous to complete each statement

1. StellissuchabigfanofBobMarkyihatshe nothing but hi recording for yeas
2. jill Morsberger at clubs or ten year before Greenwood Entertainment insted her
to sign recording contac.
2 ef at the airport for his grind whem he sow the lsd singe for U2
A. She must be extremely popular. The audience in ine to bay tickets for over two
hours
5. Thelead guitarist for te Band the nw songs for weeks. That why they sound
s0 good tonight
6 Shakira songs ony in Spanish before she decide to branch out and try recording
songs in English forthe US. market, ‘mprson! expressions tat nod
1 important tat) = Pen eee
‘opr ovo fa
Bien ce |
Grammar for Writing: noun couse as adjective io rial
Sven complements paca
clauses a sues re nk an general ate. proceda a noun cause
wo ways drew such sentences follow. ‘Noun phrases cg a
ie anon clea an ae copien. e pom nt
"ED Tht rls que es of modem a bus Pr Bere:
REFERRED Ris cous (hat Frankl qu ile l made rt ene Meet
‘Use a noun clause as a noun complement. ‘the claim that ‘he recommendation
Pe
‘OED Tate jan wars ol vay e ut Bee SEE
[REFERRED Te nt hat ero was an eu was y She gut EE
rc game et css mu à dod makes
E omo separate sheet of paper ete each sentence, using Tete he ew CEO a tary ee
the impersonal face

‘That developing countries addres the problems caused by global warming is extremely important
2. That the president plans on resigning appears obvious to everyone,
. That not providing disaster relie will only worsen the situation seems quite clear
That cure for cancer willbe discovered inthe next twenty yenes is certainly possible,
5. That the governments of Argentina and Chile will each an agreement looks very likely
That Max Bianchi won't be participating inthe Olympics next year isnot important.

oa

[8 Read each quote from a radio news program. Then, on a separate sheet of pape, complete each
statement using the noun clause as noun complement,

Example: “Volkswagen announced tht they would unveil anew car design early next year.
‘This is causing lor of excitement inthe auto industry.” [The announcement. |

The arromcener? that Yolkenagen movia weil à new car design

early next year ie caueing à lot of excitement in the auto industry.

1, “The Health Ministry announced that they will begin vaccinating all infants for measles. This was
_gocted with criticism from the opposition party” [The announcement...

“The president si it wos possible that he would resign by the end ofthis year, This has taken

everyone by surprise, including the news medio.” [The possibility.

3. "The London Sun reported that Dr Regina Blair ofthe Glasgow Medical Center as discovered new
protein. This attracting much interest in the world of scence.” [The report.)

4. "The Auckland Times claimed that a 95-year-old New Zealand man had broken the world record for
growing the longest beard. This has triggored similar claims across three continents.” [The claim...

Unit 3

The future continuous

Use he utr continous or actions that wil be In progress a speci tne or oer a pro of tine inthe ue.
To forn the future coninuos, se wl + ba + a reson parle OR be gino + be + rasen parle

one

atm sn

el En inte Unie States or aout no years. (pri tt [Ses mn Me teen.
Y le ob stung EPP De Un Rn = te
De not sete contas with
Sometimes sentences inthe spl urs andthe future continous have almost the sae Davee Mo
Frei. Choose he futur continuous to emphasle a OMS rin aati, EE next mon Eh
es yea su Engh ne ed Stes. a ca
ent ya De sting Eng ne es Stes, Re CR ct
Questions and short answers ba ane page A9 the
ju be ing 8 hama? Yes wi. wen Arpendies

Ara ou ging ob mora at hare? Vs, ae om net

‘Use the far continous and a time clause with la or nto describ a continous activi
‘hat wl cer at tbe am time 2 another activi. ono sea uur fom inthe ine cause.
tbe oki fr bw my we cntnues hr sus.
NOT Tbe ting for ajc we my ut coi er tudes.
en he mayer speaking, ne be string caret.
OT Whe be mayor spa, wel be isting carey,

EI ona separate sheet of paper correct the errors in the following sentences.
1. She'll be staying atthe Newton Hotel when she's going tobe attending the meeting
2. We won't be spending much time sightseeing while wel be visiting London.
When he’s going to stay in town, he's ing to be meeting with some friend.
‘She'll be correcting homework while the students willbe taking the test.
5. While Michelle will be serving dessert, Randy will already be washing the dishes
6. Won't they be going to sleepin New York when you're getting up in Taipei?

[EI complete the following sentences, using the future continuous with will when possible, Ifthe
future continuous s not possible, use the simple future with wl

u fera
historic sites while she's in Turks
all the problems they had

between lights for very tong?

1. After Ive completed my studies, I

2. She

3. Ina few yeas, they

4 he

5. Umsureshe hen you cal

‘The future perfect continuous

Use te future pret continuus 1 emphasize the continous quality o an action at began er a sec
‘ime ie fur. To form he uur parc continuous, use wl» hae + ben and à present pario.

By nex yea have pen sta Engl fr ve ya. Oeste an action at began blr “ext year

‘nay 5 cone]

Contine a statement sig the ute pet continuos with a ime clause to show he eatoasip Between
‘wo future actions, Use he simple present tense nthe time cose

Bye tne rein New r,t ave bee siting na efor ren haus.

NOT Bye tne ta ew ar, Fi nave been stg ina pane fr en ous,

[3 complete the notecard, using the future continuous or the future perfect continuous.

pee ey eee o
fee
ee oe) A
the beasties sights of Phat great city. In the
ne
in tha ity where do mas born. dost think, by
Done
rene.
ee Re

Unit 4

u Arena on the bescion of
Nee and Bain-rropen for a week. by that time,

atmos! do Fine to come homens long trip for a
homeboay ike ma!

See you soon!

EI Review. check che quantifier that can complete each sentence correctly

1. Hea child watches
Daltof D several
2. I don't think you can say that

television, he or she may develop a selfimage problem.
Danumberor Cla great deal of
‘young people are self<onscious about their bodies

D most Da great deal of D every Da majrity of

3. Wsclearthat company needs to make its own decision about it
O some each Bevery © most

4. There are beauty treatments available to our customers.
Danumberot a few D plenty of alittle

$. Iwassurprised to rad that men are considering cosmetic surgery
Dalotot some every Dies

ss

Quantifiers: a few and few, alittle and little
Use fee wi ua coat sous and a. wt on-count nouns 1 mean “some” Use fe
ity lara ex sours ad ile wth no- est noun to mean not many of "not much“

A fs companies are along tir emplees to rss cal on tas sone companies]
Few companies av alving Dot enplopes tes casual on Fay. fot many compis]
Employes ze saving» interest in is ew rss od, [ane ers]

Elsa saving i nas in ia a ree cde [nt much ret

EI change the underined quantifiers to afew, few, a litle or litle.
Example: Would you ike to listen to seme music?

1. We actually eat almost no meat
2. The newspaper had abitat information about the concert tonight.
3. There were several new students in my lass today

To el the truth, I've seen handy any movies inthe last month.

5. Lenjoy visiting my hometown, but there's pot much to do there
6: Ifyou look in the refrigerator, there should be some eggs.

Quantifiers: using of
Use a (ter 1 somthing speci) when a aun is precedes by possessive adjective,» possessive noun,
à dementatie pronoun, ote acto te.

teat et pest Japan

ze
on
cor oe
€ ames chm rt
corn cp CCAA q
Sloe D due re ome
ER ter lees ne
Qu hth st a on Ban care pm
feast rep

maso asks cores = mastcomotiorsinty PESesahe actes my ey ae
Several les compas = several companies Posse nouna Jon he done

Stew cttwenoces - alewenkee _temonstnve pronouns ih, a ae, ose
ite ofthe cake Tdi ete —
many ol tose books many teks

any eer nes Ly tnt DE CAREFUL In ne spernve, do

‘noch o cate Zen ete tof with met.

fame on = same Sets ‘DONT SAY Tt ee wih oe

One sun = neo be sens
sch ease Esch of te oes

Same quartiers must neu of when thy mot a noun or noun phrase.
Slee ama
COR

acupeot aber
rumour of a geat eel ot

Grommor Booster G7

TF Ori one ofeach par of sentence comet. Check the correct sentence and corectthe mistake
Inthe other one.

Example: a. X Shewent with several of her classmates.
b. Several of classmates wont out for coffee.

Most of companies in he world ae fairly formal
Most ofthe companies inthe United States have dress.down days

Allof hot appetizers were delicous.

Everyone tried all ofthe cold appetizers.

A lt of my friends have traveled to exote places.

There area lt places like to ee.

1 read a few of Steinbeck’s novels last year.

A few of novels by Steinbeck tak plac in Mexico

Several managers were interviewed, and many them liked the new policy.
Many ofthe employees we spoke with liked the new policy.

— Quantifiers: used without referents
Most quantifiers can be wed witout the noun they desc lng ase
‘contest has Been made cer carl
Aber fal ere Der He on terpenes. ut many Con [nan pal]

Grammar for Writing: subject-verb agreement with quantifiers with of
vente sl e e mas ih en at os ae

‘Sone ofthe moss lin Egin... Some the movies arn En

ARS Dem — Alaihe mans une. DE CARE Te gas |
In formal English ane aod by asngula verb. However, everyday
shoken Engl is common tous it with a plural ver,

ermal Nono of De uns was a e

met oo ot Be tases were it for casa.

EI choose the verb that agrees with each subject.
1 Every one ofthese choices (sound / sounds) terifict
‘One ofthe teachers (was / were) going to stay after cass.
A lot of the problem (is / ar) that no one wants to work so hard.
Each ofthe employees (want / wants) o work overtime
Half of the city (was / wer) flooded in the storm,
None ofthe players (is coming / are coming) tothe game.
Only 8 percent of their workers prefer shorter work weeks, while at least 9 percent (don't / does).

ce

Unit 5

Conjunctions with so, too, neither or not either

‘se anda o an. a a ji timate statements that ae solr.
Sting one sess tene and os ie.

OR Sting a sees lean an eng.

Use sar oat tr ji neste statements tat ae simi
Sting on See des ir ma and ie ns hing,
Spring on he Se des rr me an eg dr eier.

es use uses the verb be, an aula ve ra med,

‘he he same ttre e second ase.

Tolo la ug iy. end ss Slo Pav.

er Yok dor ave at of, and eier des Lenton.
ex ty as row a ads as Las gees

icy contrate rss, ae wba can om

teat se oes not neue he verb, an aun et or

‘dal ue a form of
tn inks rai ai pele, ant so oes He

EI Find and underine the nine errors. On a separate sheet of paper, write each sentence correct.

New York is oe othe mos famous cis in the word, *

nd so does London Wile hese to ets die in many
‘way they ako shares numberof characters: Heres 2
Au comparison

+ toute Jokin or pence and quit, New Yorks not
the pce 1 be. and nether Lenn They are both
‘xcting and ay places: H youre ot used of Now
Seas tie can be ese ts, ad o do
London.

+ The bat way to gel around in bath ces ihe sub
lore Tube lo London New Yor subway sem le
ie cd and lost sod London’ too.

[E ona separate sheet of paper rewrite each statement, using the word in parentheses, Make any

necessary changes in verbs or possessive ajectves

Example: Both Vilnius and Riga have large historic districts. (0)

Vinive has a large historio aistriet,

. Vancouver and Taipei don't ever get very cold. (net

Mexico City and Tokyo won't experience decrease

‘The Prado Museum in Madrid and the Louvre in Pa

Ka ce tht Ses Vo shoulda be mised, and either
tendon should

Both Bangkok and Sto Paulo face many problems caused by 100 much trafic. (0)
2. Both Athens and Barcelona have hosted the Olympic Games in the past. (100)

Both Hong Kong and Rio de Janeiro are famous for their physical beauty. (50)
Prague and Krakow attract people who lke great architecture. (100)

Tokyo and Mexico City haven't lost their places among the world’s largest cites yet. (nt either)

E CAREFUL Use a negative wih
‘se and an attains wth othe
a never dos eg
ior

‘BE CAREFUL! Notice the subec-vr oder.

Sénat
Ar ter doesn ee |

‘ergo before the en, Ne Fan
‘ancy ca una boom boxes, ander can
NOT noe Tome io

OS

1 youre looking for sat entertainment, New York
ised wh tater, and o London does

ng? Londons rauen ere exciting hes
fom around the wold and New York ae 6

Bath eter ler huge chic ol museum to

‘st The museum it New York cat poy be een
loa day ander London cant

New Vr fl same of the words mos famous.
‘outst sir example the Sat o bey and
the Empire Sate Build sos London wih
uchinghom Place an he Mllennum Whee

thet)

in their populations any time soon. (not either)

rs shouldnt be missed. (neither)

Grommor

So,too, neither, or not either: short responses
Use so, Lo, ne or ol er In short responses to expres agreement
A atte. 8 5001/1000, NOT So de ae do at tn
A La tend moin. B cant aa. / lor can NOT Lea net. ther can end.
‘ngs ¡is common Lo express agreement wit mel or me ir
maleta. 8 Met
A leant an Sing. 8: Werle,

‘Agree wit each statement. Use short responses with 50100, neither or net ether.

1. A Eve never been to Ulan Bator,
2. A: Lean’ figure this out e
3. Ar loved going there! e
44 A: [have to get some cash. e
5. A: I'm getting really tired, e.
6. A: Lused to travel more, 8:
a 7. A: Mall her tomorow 8:
1 8A: Im not going to ell her she's ate. Bi
Unit 6
Modals and modat-like expressions: summary
ake ple quests xpress possi
Cot gt your phone under? nay an is arom,
Can my sn have pt one mor coke? Ma may nt be aloo one is meg
Would yu pease ol tas ra second? (wth yu ony) ‘She may have frat tock me due
ay ave aci of cate? (utr wae oma Se ay not have ener.
xpress preferences ight be noi at at return
Tul ike 1 te hat mov ‘Ste might cot wart et ayo.
Wold you ts I gaming? He might have gee ome aay
rater ol ee moe Me mig rat rae pa yet
out ater av eerie raw conca
(eo ask or permission "or aor must be very sar.
"eu can epee widow y wat. She must ot hk ts importas.
Can eae hs are? Tey must nae bee meso whe ey ot ae
You may ese ear you need. Hamat nave sent
a ae mp cat ee? wo en, loma) Suggest alternatives
pres bility or nk of iy Vos caló ae te nxt ta
can complet e o er yun an a Sie cold have ugt ss.
anya wre wa Eg? ie suggestions
We cult fish Be reper ystıay. “Tha aly soul tink abat
‘oud yo ft restaurant? ‘ayia ge
Ta granemoDe rt abt wok any mee Me Su have wate 6
Ise abe oak cae of bea? rane a reseraton
She was able do elt rare when se was young They shui have cales fe.
You Shut aya at ol.
They eal aught to ik ot sa rg
Terug ao caos fst.
Sold we ha cles fs? NOTE: Quant tis
ot ual used à
galo statment or
Seesen. Uso shoul

aos instead

ro

— AN

Gi warning, Eres ck ol necesi

our mole had batir see a co rot aa, Yo on have to have a paso.

Vos ad batir not eget ba your appt. She ió have to pay te.

Mo habe ave años ts mori xpress petita or den permission

‘They has beter pt Rave ur ay aia wen ey Ta piges san park a casi age
"ase tat mo Nw enlpes cama ak Der cas ine gage

ie | eu empojees must not pots cars in garage. fora
NOTE: Had bate general notusedin | Nw piojos may tp ta cnt gaape. mal

usa. I spot Ente conection

ner amet sys a en

— E essen, haves genray used, |
A Sector ith rey oa oat ey
later are to tae ees. Goes ear eve ota hota PAL
‘At ste mos ke eet forma It vapor a ten

‘At ces hae got Lo Mets. pen Alters ht na en,

LEY Gros out the one modal that cannot be used in each sentence or question.

(May / Can / Could) your mother please all me tonight?
1 (wasn’t able o / could /shouldn') get there on time because the trafic was so bad.

. She (may / had beter / can) be able to complete the job by tomorrow

(Can / Should / Ought to) my students listen in while you practice?

‘Shoppers (may / have to / must) not load their cars in front ofthe main entrance.

. Thank goodness she (doesn’t have to / must not / was able to) renew her passport for another
five years

8. You (could / had better / should) let his assistant know you won't be able to make iton time,

or you may not get the job
9. This restaurants so good we (ought to / might / would rather) come here more often

EI cicce the one modal that best completes each conversation
A: Why didn’t you come to the party lastnight?

BI (had to / have Lo / must / have got 0) study for a tes.
2. As You relly (can't / should / must / are able to) call more often
B: You're right. Im sorry.
3. A: Sho (4 better not have / should have / had to have / must have} forgotten the tickets!
B: Uh-oh. hate 1 tel you this, but I think she did.
Az: Do you think I('m able to / must / would / could) get your phone number?
8: Sure
5. Az Did you get to goto the movies?
1: Yeah. But (must have /“d rather have / should not have / would have) stayed at home.
{6 A: Unfortunately the doctor (shouldn't / has to / won't be able to / had beter) see you

‘until tomorrre
Be That's OK. No problem.
7. A: What do you think happened to Judy?
Be She (must not have / shoulda’t have isn't able o / didn’t have to) known we were
starting so cary.

Grammar Booster G11

———

past forms of gerunds and infnitives

‘Gerunds and ints have past forms o expres actions that occured in the pas

"appreciate havia had the apr o meet ou orertscolzgues

They were spot nt o ha mel eveyone om e Jakarta fie.

Me Gt min having been delos sa log Pr.

Mes pst have hard abut or ea.
{tie main eb ii the spe pst ene orbe past fb, the grund or es
lative canbe in eter te present o as form, with n change immeaning: 238 orms

"tis more cman 1 use the present forma er ran nt a ps ee
Ferry spoken Engl. ine one
They wer dapat ot o meet ene om De kar is. Passive vice

Me mind Bin los rg nat ined "bavi bee «post pra

el

EI use a past gerund or infinitive form of each verb to complete the statements. Use the passive
voice where necessary. Refer to page AB in the Appendices If necessary.

ee a oa ieee win aaa bon he prin
aoe

arrancar a
ne pat cata
aan

à emerge ey byt md

iets A E AAA

À iw pad gr o EE ja
ee Sita ia
annees,

re ae

on

Comparative farms ol gece and verbs show how two things ae ferent
hb taller than 0
This more was les interesting han he list oe (as
Wy ster pe fl ater tan)
er les oruga Be govern! tan Der sr be.
Supeaie forms ol aces nd dues shew how ane hing Is iffernl om ever le.

ews hences pee oe
ae re. SE Cars Ur me ws none om
alors seg trees ach er
“Among my tends, Ned and Stacey definitely have the most money. @llewed by a noun,

Oat e cr ne le, Usk cats the most Men ur he tte OR test?

ey

competes tea ur eb or OF ttt sn
er

Sl ep eet an a ver wr rs

een

ca yb ko ot

sat an ane

Sse cut caus ep rma

‘rier agement ae age min ei
Keen co ae eer
nore ana ato, E ee Semana
a] ; one
i neue =; Sea ie
aaah cee) = SDS 2

oe Sues me ven ue = Vents

er hee a

A a san is abet wc sexenio a Mat.
{ay nen computer on es seats my oo,

OTE: In ifrmalsokan Engi ie more common to 9)... als me" Instad of ho more oral ..25 talas

EI Read each quoted statement. Then complete each sentence using a comparative, superative, or
comparison with a...
(The textbook we are using now is very good. The textbook we were using ast year
was aso very good.”
The textbook we're using now is the one we were using last year.

2. “Star shampoo costs about $600. Ravel shampoo costs about 7.00. Sanabel shampoo
costs about $5.00."

Among the three shampoos, Sanabel is
3. “We paid four hundred euros each for our tickets. They paid three hundred euros.”

We paid they
4. “Hank has only a lite experience working with children. Nancy has alot of experience.”
Hank has Nancy:
5. “John’s laptop weighs 4 Kilos. Gerry’s laptop weighs 41 kilos.”
John’s laptop isn’t Gerry’sis.
“Mark knows only litle Japanese. Jonah knows alot”
Mark knows Jonah does.
"Bart ate a Jt for lunch, Susan ate lt for lunch too.”
Susan ate Bort did for lunch.

Grammar Booster 613

Other uses of comparatives, superlatives, and comparisons with as...as

For emphasis
“hele ie more than 550 lets long. [phases nat he ies very og]
‘he Dekan Seal aw has fewer han 90 sur. empress ta is ale sa number
Abo An parte weg as much a 150 Ke. [mass at hs ay he]
‘As many 2 20 les animal eked every. embase Da sis a ig num
‘That as ie wots mo ever empres ala wa a nd move]
‘is men vas the he ever emphases tat is was a great me]
To so progression
uy sons pt tata exer ay. [ts rowing)
Tre corony 8 songer row. (is mpeg]
To show tendencies or rence
ie tou mor thane en tea]
Sara es tig aloe mare than sing [She pros par Se alone]
Le
ea ene tan you ws ik, may ik ht en, face is)
Se mor of dinger an a are. (api may nk ma à eae, Dt fc She's many a Seger]
The motes mare annoying han say, (ou may in is movie wi be say but fat atari
leks mere Ike snow tan al. a may ins gig ta, et in ft ck a ein sro]

EB Use à comparative, superative or a comparison with as ..as to complete each statement soit
has asimilar meaning to the information in quotes.

1. "Our meal lastnight was really inexpensive. It only cost 48 euros for the two of ws.”
Our meal last night cost 50 euros

2. "Our reading club meetings are getting pretty big, On some nights there ar thirty students.”
Our reading club meetings sometimes have students

3. “Link our teaches rally great!”
Our teacher is ever!

4. "The garden you planted last month has become so beautiful!”
Your garden is getting every day!

5. "You may think snails might taste strange, but they actually taste quite good.”
Snails taste you may think.

6. “You may think Kate is shy, but shes actually very talkative.”
Kates than you might think

Unit 9

Say, ask, and tell: summary
Sax and gs ao the mot common repering vers in rc pen. Use say o statements and ask or questions.
pl dsare ite resent on is sue” ai tw education inter.

"Une y tm cr orme? sees ese ssgmerm.

‘ue nu aan sans el art spec Erre
Seal ode ate copete Sayeed ire pesen o we
Se abe eyes) Be age De pres DONT SAY Seto Ma an come
Seo pes Dana comet nnd ite peer, gas whe poet

DONT ar Sms ash
Ep aren e

cu

EI complete the sentences witha form of say ask or tel,
1. She the waiter ifshe could pay with a credit cord
We that we would come back later when they were less busy

.He his friends that he would be a few minutes late
She to her teacher that she needed a it more ime.
1 my kids whether they would mind if we stopped atthe store onthe way home.
y the reporter that they were ready to provide information about the case
He to the clerk that it was the longest he'd ever had to wait on line
1 thom if they enjoyed the movie.

Grammar for Writing: other reporting verbs
eters use à variety f reporting vrs to deserve aeons mote specially and acute.
re
Tings tint geting worse," args Cals Wea ean economic 3001 the present
‘hares wes ean une so 1e president, aigus tat has ao geting wre

cain
“Bol was ing as lin Day Sn More pong vrs
Te Bay Seins Da Boe was ng ies wem
ete ame ence
Sie mr tas ten ga a etes gem en Tr. Sever on
nuesto, De grrr dre Pat ne mye has bmn ag air former met
ein po o
"io ua amp css Ging wih your str Dr Fa expe. = os
D oriol psp moy cis det ih ot. I ison
sep

The Nea ak Tine reports, bests a growing problem in ia”
Las ye, Te Mew ork Tne reported at bay was à oi probe in As
state

The nu CE state, Things ae ging to change rune here”
‘Tre new CEO stated hat tgs were gig 0 change athe company,

EB ona separate sheet of paper restate each sentence with a different reporting verb. Use a
iconaryf necessary.
1. The Bangkok Post says that the president of Chile will be visiting Thailand next month
2. The minister of education said yesterday that major improvements have boen made in schools
across the country:
3. The secretary of the United Nations says that more should be done to alleviate world hunger.
4. The scientists who conducted the study said that more research would have tobe conducted.
5. The children who wrote on the walls said that they wouldnt do it again
6. The BBC said that it would increase its coverage ofthe news in the Middle East

Grammar Booster G15

Unit 10

Pa j
CE

intensifs = = |

ven age scale "ria ot scr nos eg. DV, o |

‘An intensifier goes before a modifing adjective or series of modiying adjectives. nt" Pris
rire CR |
ss Se

EI complete the restaurant review with appropriate intensities,

(Chee Pee: Fine dining at est

Upon arising ahi lovely restaurant guests are greeted by Che lee, who proudly
coghinethe Impressive new men, Thee sre ome inexpensive dinner
bois ha ar sure to say even the most demanding dir The elegant Europeans dor at
Chez Pere only add to he experince. However the subdued lighting makes i hard
tread the menu and is “sopping Be sure 1 ask shout ie emi
desert choices hh ont require god ising for yout ny them oro

‘Adverbs of manner
‘Ades manner show ou someto on happens. They usualy ge at >
Le no ue an De cr pls nortan oman ne etn.
es Ge sy Se sos ely wi = ey
ars ol mane ening nan go free vb ova prod ven aya el
Ar ae ma nue tere CE]
ui een er os on eng eo) tee” ty
Hope Da co som. cu owe dor was om] en

He angry hg up De an. cu on hanging te pone
Me bn up te pre angi. flocs n ha the phone was han a)

ars ol manner an go before ie pas patil the passive vee.
sep vas very port wien.

BE CAREFUL! Do not lace an aguero manner between a er aná a dct bec.
He rank het uy NOT He ack ci is can.

EB checkit the adverb is correctly used. 1f not, make corrections.

1. When the game was over he let quickly the court

As she drove into town, she sang to herself softs:

‘The mecting was suddenly postponed after the CEO arrived.

They pretended noisily to wash the dinner dishes as they listened in onthe conversation
"He congratulated her for her nicely presented report.

“They entered quietly the room and satin the corner.

000000
pres

616

IN Pronunciation table

| meseare the pronuncio symbole uses in Summit.

Vowels Consonants
‘Symbol Key Word Symbol Key Word Symbol KeyWord Symbol KeyWord
beat, fed > Banana, among D pack happy 2 2 please, goes
Beda 3 hm mdr Rack noter 5 Shprmactine,
| à cate pats a Bine. | tte Station, spec,
bet bea dao how 4 oe scission
© babas St voie boy Kame, key.quek mesma ison
& node ir ber, 9 Game guest rua
3 bouge, dog “be 4 uch ate, m mensone
oo Dors or ae ‘watch sim kom,
book good = coor CR Poeun
{Boot toe, student Tour mai o sens
PR 1 anphomgamn et ite,
5 van E tong
© eg ea rant rome
3 then breathe + ane
+ spy 1 Baten bate
| Peyenaboy Baten
Irregular verbs
bosolom smplepast pastpartidpie bmelom simpepast pustpartcne
be was were been forget forgot forgtten
eat best Boston toga tornos
Become became Become pS froze frozen
EA Bogan on sa got
E bent ent ES EN over
bet bet ber > wert gone
3 Be Biter Gow grew gown
Des Bea Dao Kara Fong one
ow Dew Down have a rad
Desk pole Broken mar Le roue
Bed bea Bee nos ha Pion
bing rough Dent ne hr m
Bus bat ba os ak rad
bum Band / bunt Bumes/bunt Bet ot ort
burst Burt best seep wept oot
buy ought oust | rw ow frown
eaten ug En tay tag ‘se
hose hove chosen tea tea tes
Some ame cone ap Ieapesriapt leaped leant
= cost on ‘earn leed teat lead / oat
reo rot Set ‘ene ten
ea on = tees tert tert
Seat Sean Seat ‘et tet sas
Se Er So te ly ‘an
æ ee one ion “ A
Ed Seow Sawn ES les It
am ames / dem Gmames/ceum | make made. mado.
‘ane sean au men ‘nant ‘ean
sive Sore Shen man me ma
oa ae sa retake ‘tok maton
‘a fat ‘len Bar pa pas
food les tos pa pa pa
feo! fet fet eat au aa
‘om fought tought ST 08 ea
m found fard oo ‘ose seo
ie ® ® E ang ng
” de own oe ‘ose un
‘aia forbade ten ES ES ne

baseform simplepait partpariiie

ss ss
En E

ES stor

Showed Sow

Shane Sant

ES En

a on

= =

ag os

se sen

Pac apuntados sponded
E]
Seer Soa

‘led /spR TE)
ar Soon
le EE
poled /spoit_ poled soit
ras poe]

base form
song

simple past
sprang / sprog
Sood

Soe

Sock

sung

Bank su
Stung

Set

=
=

sos
moon
Los

pastpantcple
sprang sprung
ood

Sion

Am

pres

rocky sian
stone

Stent

‘oer

fom

El

thought

‘town
rset
une

woken waked
set

sen

PIE
ÉLUS]
gap

mios

Verbs that can be followed by a gerund

ac ae
apprit Soot me

ses ener

Anne nh

complete agp (as in comin)
andes ‘mention

Es ‘ind (as in objet to)

postpone
Brace
E

‘ean
‘eommend

=

thine
won

“These verbs lo have action meanings, Example: ze a re. (non scion) Fm seing her tomorro. (tion)

Suggest
pre
rta

Expressions that can be followed by a gerund

be cid about be opposed to
De wore’ about Be use to

Be responsible or compl about
De isis in ‘Sam about ot
De causes of ak about/01

Do capable ot nano ot
De ea ot apologize for

De acustomed to ‘ae an excuse for
Be commited to fave aros fer

eleven
paricpeteia
Pre

{ake save ot
take cae of
‘Bok oor to

Appendices A3

Verbs that can be followed directly by an infinitive

fos ps ote wear
age expect E estos
Et a repre sotntoer
are estat Beton wat
ae ope. Promise san
exe ‘ene ‘ose se
eam Pe ‘egret pS
Sede men oom
ran ee auge

Verbs that must be followed by an object before an infinitive
seve encourage inte requie
Siow expect eed ‘son
ao fone er ‘ei
ES tor emt ue
couse mp Pete want
halenge A Promise sam
Pr Heiner femme ‘wou ke

‘Adjectives that can be followed by an infinitive

anxious pr pr Pe
Soares. opone esos se
eran ‘mune reared som
Gone gas Proud esa
pe Pape 7
Verbs that can be followed by a gerund or an infinitive
witha change in meaning without a change in meaning
forget (+ gern) forget something tnt happened beg ove
(inte) forget someting that neds to be done eantstand prefer
reget gare) regret a past acon ne Stat
inne) reget having to tom someone about an action hate w
remenbar (+ gend) = remember ar
Le Mine) = remember something thet needs be done
op gaurd) ‘Sop a continous ton,
(maes 2 Spin over to co somthing
Participial adjectives
samng ames sitios dates ering ~ parayred
ang — mass embarassing > embarassec Bess Penes
ans uses neral” — entenanes Mag > ed
‘annoying = amoyed ferctng = excited sao sites
Ssang = astonshea Shausing > exhausted Peur = Shocked
Dong = bed fascnatog = fescnateg ‘eating = soothed
comfoning = comtaned gremios tightened String — States
eig > conured Borg > home Simuaing 2 Simusted
‘pressing = epested Supteng
app tonto
gunos ‘ing
pena tovching

aa

Pronunciation Booster
The Pronunciation Boosters optional I provides more Iformaton about pronunciation as wells ational practic.
‘The exercises can be found on both the Cass Audio Program and the Student Take Horne Audio CO,

Content werde

oss, Je, apps

EN © listen and pracice
1. My BOSS is a pain in the NECK!
2. He's REALLY a TERRIFIC BOSS.
3. MARK is such a SMART GUY.
4. Im SURE she'll bea GREAT MANAGER.

EI cite te content words.
1. Learn to live in the present
2. He reminded me teal my mother
3. He asked me to work faster.
4. prefer to stick closer to home.

Now practice reading each sentence aloud and listen to compare” (Note that our choices may
lifer from what you hear on the audio)

B © usten and practice.
1. He's 9 WISE guy. He's a WISE LEADER.
2. She'sa PEOPLE person. She's NICE PERSON.
3. ItSan APARTMENT building, 15a TALL BUILDING.
A. They're EXERCISE machines. They're NEW MACHINES.

EI @ Practice reading each compound noun aloud and listen to check
1. astwimming pool 4. a telephone directory
2. tennis. courts 3. office managers
3. anansweringmachine 6 the bullet rain

“NOT me ps y ca nec Du rs rt Tran

ster PA

Unit 2

Intonation patterns

In statements, command, and infomation questions, lower ic ae the stressed slate
inthe last sessed word tthe st yale nthe sentences stesed wer ith onthe
‘wel y login it

— m
haven't been to many coneensTatay” Den‘ forget to watch them on TV Toni.

What do you lke about hat song?

ag itch after the stressed sable inthe ast stressed word In a / na questions ad requests
tel yal Inthe sentence is stessed lengthen the vows wh sing intonation,

in Er:
Have you ever heard of AnnieTannex? Could you pick up hai new ED forme?

‘Do you think she has a nice voice?

BY O tien and practice

1 Uhaven’t been to many concert lately.

2. Don't forget to watch them on TV tonight
What do you like about that song?
Have you ever heard of Annie Lennox?
Could you pick up their new CD for me?
Do you think she has a nice voice?

EB circte the last stressed content word in each ofthe following sentences. If that word has more
han one syllable, underline the stressed sable.
1. That song has a great beat you can dance to.
2. Her catchy Iyrics make you want to sing along.
3. Didn't you like that song’s melody?
4. What time do you think the concert will be finished?

@ Now practice reading each sentence aloud, using the intonation pattems you have learned,
Üsten to check

Pa

Unit 3 Examples of ought rep
Pers
Denen py eng
Sentence rhythm: thought groups NT
Loner sete ae uy died y om it sr “tout ra" no ones ware ren
Grp o mds a natal BA o topo, Exch how see nes cag
‘Sumas maybe ied ina ought gra vv aang ee Cs whee as
My shorter gol / so tart vig / win my mens.
Nor
1 dm plan’ tobe nca dependent / Yr teres my le
men year / Tape have gain / à good pb / a Ananda consul

Fe eo

Pe ccs A ONCE A ee!
2, Sn

Cnet ees tng à mal / el id HY ave mo OR |

= Fi = ==
‘Once he ties Feping / a elite Budget / hel find it easy / o save money, |

EX © usten and practice
14. My shortterm goal to start ving within my means
2 1 dont plant be financial dependent for theres of my lie
2 By next year, hope to have gotten a good job a financial consultant.
4a, Once he wes Keeping a realite budget, hel find it easy to save money
Ab. Once he wes keeping a elise budget, hel find it easy to save money

[E Read the following sentences. Decide how you might break each sentence into thought groups.
1. By the end of this month, hope to have finished paying off my student loans.
2. In to months, when we've finally paid off our house, we're going to have a big party to celebrate.
3. Tobe perfectly honest, couldn't tell you where the money goes.
4. By next year, I will have completed my studies, but T don’t think I will have gotten married

@ Now practice reading each sentence aloud, paying attention to pitch, Listen to compare
(Note that your choices may fer fom what you hear on the audio)

Unit 4

Linking sounds
Linking with vowets Linking identical consonants
en he al anna aun ofa word falowed by Mn the fins consonant sound ofa wards flowed by he
‘ewe soo nk he sounds og same sound Ik the sounds together a oe sound.
We jnstyle now She thinks the Blouse ik
She bought hire slant ti, ‘They prefered ark suits
Fg steady bought new sit What an atactive yest

va

@ Listen and practice.
1. Win slo os.
2. She bought him an elegant te.
3. I've alrendy bought a new suit
4. She thinks the blouse is striking,
5. They preferred dark suits
6. What an attractive vest!

Underine al the places where you think he sounds shouldbe linked,
1. She wants Susan to dress up next ti
2. Its fashionable and elegant.

3. Is out of tle
4. E wish she preferred dressing down.
5. That blouse isn’t trendy enough for my taste.
6. Think Kyle has th taste.
© Now practice reading each sentence aloud and listen to check

@ Usten and practice.

1. acceptable 4 respectful
2. considerate $. responsible
3. polite 6. inexcusable

@ Len to each word and ile the unstressed syllables that have the sound /2/.

4. unacceptable 4 unpleasant 7. uni magina ble
dis re spect fl
2. impolite 6. immature 9. inap propriate

@ Now practice reading each word aloud and listen again to check”

2. inconsiderate 5. irrational

Unit 6

Sound reduction
In everyday speech, unas in unstressed werds ae olen “reduced at, vowels change tJ 0 /9/
‘or cononants ae app
Vowel reduction
‘he fu sound inthe nan word often reduce to

YI be going tothe lrport after dinner. /6/
Ws ten to two. /29/

“he He sound in many one spa funcio words ten rece to
Took at that. /3t/
1 got an iguana. /an/
‘That's more than Enced. /000/ SE CARETUL Function words hat occur tra

O sem on
Pets are no trouble. /9/. dr

Rblckor ehe? /9/ Va you wating 7
Where's your farm? /39/ Mo stain au
Hes boon gone for days. // E
ne nen ward an ens tn reduce on wen acs Between no
Set bet, made ets, oes
“They have long arms and legs. />n/
She up and red whe ah heard the news. /an/
Wet out te and went dancing /20/
€ canerUu The vont sod ain and genera nt esc wen cera the eii
Of cas, eosoan sum may enge
He wore a blackout and he woe geen ds.
‘Teint saan ul oped tren wort.
What doce mean? a”

ISS bog. a!

E © uen and practice

1 VU be going to the airport ater dinner, 9. He's been gone for days.
2 des ten to two, 10. They have long arms and eps.

3. Look at that 11. She laughed and eied when she heard the news
4. [got an iguans, 12. Westayed out Ine and went dancing

5. That more than Ince 13, He wore black suit and she wore a green dress
6. Petsareno trouble 14. What docs he mean?

7. Ic lack or white? in his bog.

8. Where's your farm?

EB carte the words in the following sentences you think will be reduced.
1. alternatives can be found for medical research on animals
2. A lot ean be done to improve conditions on those farms.
3. Animals are trained to perform in creuses,
4. Do animals have tobe killed for their hides and fur?

@ Now practice reading each sentence alud and listen to check»

Pronunciation Booster PS

The owe sounds 908 ae repre
‘nspaing I numero mas ee

ating

EI © sten and practice.

eve lie
team Tim
feel fill

steal ti
feet ft

EI © tistenand practice.

1. places 2 market 3. artian 4. minute 5. women

I @ usento-eachpairof words. Gr ifthey are the same o diferent

1. some different 5. same different
2. sume different 6 same diferent
3. same different 7. same different
4 some different same diferent

EI @ listen and check which sound you hear.

mm m mo
100 soo noo
200 100 D
00 #00 o
“00 200 “oo
soo woo 1500

@ Now ten again and practice

Po

Unit 8

|
‘Stress placement: prefixes and suffixes
Sess placement dor u change wen mot pres an suis aed o 3 wor
import vninjorint imporce snp
bedient che —_adaetce — dede
fers unhappy fapplnéss apply |
Nowe co e suites on, an on tera shits stes
Me Bee he st |
AS
= ping |
deremäitie — dei |
mie = Se

Same nouns and verbs tae the same selig, When heard ana, he stes
Ison the st syle. When te word a verb he ses ison the stead sya,

a ner wont cago, |
prole cust
pre e
Si =
progress suspect 8
EI © usten and practice.
Y. important unimportant importance importants
2 obedient’ obedience diobedience obedient
3 hoppy unhappy huppiness happily

EI tien and practice.
1. educate education
2. photograph photographic
3. dependable dependability
4. polities politcal
5. music musician

Pronunciation er

KE Look: the sessed syllable ofeach word in Column A. According t the rules given in the chart
‘on page F7,markthe stressed syllable of each word in Column 8.

1. familiar

2. emotional

3. rogue

4. appreciative

5. sym pathy

iaa

ut

8 history

9. mate iatist

10. polities

o

familiarity
‘emo tion lly
regu la ton

ap precia tively
sym pa thet ic
hy po thet cal
beau
historical

sa terial istic

politician

@ Now practice reading each word aloud and stn to check”

EI © tisten and practice.

nouns verts
ae rebel rebel
2. protest poes
3. present present
4 object object
5. progress progress

BB cite the sable you think wil be stressed in each blue word.

1. A summer fishing permit permits you to fish all you want
2. The protest was organized to protest government spending.

3. Allthe employees were surveyed so the results of the survey would be useful,

4. The contrast between them now is not great compared to how much 1

at other times ofthe yea.
5. We strongly object to the decision to sell art objects outside the museum.

@ Now practice reading each sentence aloud, paying attention to words that are both nouns
and verbs. Listen to check

Unit 9

Reduction and linking in perfect modals in the passive voice

Lu perfect modas inthe passive vie the moto andthe aur vers have ben ar sai together as ne unt
Note that stress fal on the modal and te mala ver. In everday speech, fe // sung In he aviary ave 5
(roped and is eens tt.

Povo)
They COULD have been KILLED.

Jovi)
They MIGHT have been LOST.

Prnostxbin/

‚They MUST have been MOVED.

l'as
"They MAY have been DISCOVERED,

‘win pao, stress ha andthe maln ver. Sy ag and have Den s one unit
asus
‘They HAD to have been STOLEN.
In opative proc mal, stress falls on te mal the word al, a the mal verb. In eryay speech,
‘ol andthe uy verbs have bean ae general si sone ui

Potato).
They MIGHT NOT have been LOST.

‘They MUST NOT have been MOVED.

E © listen and practice.
1. They could have ben kil
2. They might have been los
3. They must have been moved
4 They may have been discover,
3. They had to have been stolen
6 They might not have been os
7. They must not have been moved

EB uncertine where you think the words should be linked and which sounds should be reduced.

The

2. The tes could have been destroyed by a fir.

Te gold figures may not have been lost.

The stone balls must have been moved using animals

The drawings must not have been discovered until later.
‘The crater had to have been caused by a meteorite

7. The tres couldn't have been burned ina fie

oxsurs may have been killed by a meteor.

PREP ES

© Now practice reading each sentence aloud, paying attention to reductions. Listen to check"

Unit 10

BY © ustenand practice

1. pain pen pan pun
2. Dane den Dan done
3. mate me mat mut
4 bait ber bat but

EI © ustentoesch word and place tin the correct column.
de games enough cart bungee rang thing, chance sweat wit scare

7 te las m

@ Now practice reading each word aloud and listen again to check

EI © ustento each sentence and cree the word you heat,

1. Give the money tothe (men / man)

2. think t's (Dan / done)

3. Whats that (ag / rug) made of?

4: Do you need this (pen / pan)?

5. Ho's perect (mutt / mate).

6. My (date / deb) is causing me trouble

7. Could you take that (bug / bag) off he counter?
8. Please puta bandage on the (ut / ct)
Now practice reading the sentences both ways.

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