Sunflower basavraj t

Floral biology and breeding techniques

1. 7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 1
Sun flower

2. CONTENTS
•FLORAL BIOLOGY
•BOTANY
•EMASCULATION
•SELFING
•CROSSING
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 2

3. INTRODUCTION
•Sunflower is an important oil seed crop after soybean
•Its oil content ranges from46 to 52%
•The leading Sunflower growing countries are USSR, Bulgaria, Canada
and USA
•In India , this crop was Introduced in 1969 from USSR (EC-
68413,68414,68415,69874 )
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 3

4. ORIGIN
•Sunflower domesticated in the central part of the United States of
America .This hypothesis is based on archaeological evidence.
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 4

5. SYSTEMATICS
Division : Phanerogams
Class : Dictoyledanae
Sub class : Gamepetalae
Order : Asterase
Family : Asteraceae
Genus : Helianthus
Species : annuus(2n=2x=34)
: tuberosus (2n=6x=102)
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 5

6. BOTANY
•It is distinguished from all other cultivated plants by its single stem
and large inflorescence.
•The inflorescence is capitulum .
•It is having a bisexual flower.
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 6

7. CYTOLOGY
•Its includes diploid, tetraploid ,and hexaploid, species.
•The 17 chromosomes are divided into four group based on the
position of centromere.
•The length of the 17 chromosome varies from 3.05 to 6.20 microns
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 7

8. FLORAL BIOLOGY
•It is protandrous in nature .
•Flowering starts in the early morning 6-10 am.
•The pollen grain viability up to 12 hrs.
•The stigma receptivity up to 2-3 days.
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 8

9. FLORAL MORPHOLOGY
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 9

10. 7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 10

11. T.S OF HEAD
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 11

12. SELFING
•Selfing is done by bagging of the entire head.The bagging material
could be cotton cloth or paper bag or cheese cloth bag.
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 12

13. 7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 13

14. CROSSING TECHNIQUES.
•1.HAND EMASCULATION:Emasculation is done
by removing the anther tubes with forceps on the morning that the
flowers open. Unemasculated flowers are removed.
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 14

15. 2.CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF MALE STERILITY:
This is achieved by spraying of 0.05% solution of
gibberellic acid per plant during bud initiation.
Application of gibberellic acid after bud initiation
consecutively for 3 days in the morning gives better
results.
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 15

16. Pollination is carried out by collecting the pollen from the male
parent which are already bagged prior to flowering. Pollen can be
collected from the flowering head. Pollination is usually done in the
same morning after emasculation.
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 16
3.POLLINATION:

17. MAINTAINENCE OF MALE STERILE LINE
A –Line ×B Line
(CMS-234A) (CMS-234B)
↓
F-1 CMS 234A
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 17

18. 7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 18

19. HYBRIDIZATION
A –Line × R-Line
(CMS-234A) (RHA-95-C-1)
↓
F-1 hybrid
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 19

20. 7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 20

21. AICRP ON SUNFLOWER AND VARITIES
•AICRPon sunflower was established in the year 1972,with head
quarters at UAS,BANGALORE.
•1974-No. of hybrids were developed by CMS lines.BSH1 and BSH2
were found promising hybrids among them.
•1975-EC-68414,68415 for cultivation.
•1978-Morden –Early duration variety.
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 21

22. HYBRIDS AND THEIR PARENTAGES
•BSH-1 = (CMS-234A X RHA-274)
•KBSH-41= (CMS-234A X RHA-95-C-1)
•KBSH-42= (CMS-851A X RHA-95-C-1)
•KBSH-44= (CMS-17A X RHA-95-C-1)
•Now, KBSH-53,55,58,62 Are released for Karnataka state.
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 22

23. 7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 23
HYBRIDS.
HYBRIDS STATES DURATION SEED YIELD (Kg/ha)
BSH 1 ALL 85-90 1,000-1,500
KBSH 1 ALL 90-95 1,200-1,500
KBSH 11ALL 90-95 1,000-1,500
LSH 1 MAH 85-90 900-1,200
LSH 3 MAH 95-100 1,000-1,500
PSFH 67PUNJAB 90-95 1,000-1,500
PKVSH 27MAH 75-80 900-1,100

24. 7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 24
VARITIES.
VARITEY STATES DURATION SEED YIELD (Kg/ha)
MORDEN ALL 70-80 600-800
EC 68414ALL 100-110 800-1,000
EC 68415KAR 100-110 800-1,000
SURYA MAH 90-95 800-1,000
CO-1 TN 65-70 500-700
CO-2 TN 85-90 800-1,000

25. FUTUREPROSPECTS.
•Sunflower is one of the fastest developing oil seed crop .It was
introduced in the year 1969.
•Today more than 1 million ha area is under sunflower cultivation.
•The productivity of sunflower is quite low in India (4-6 q/ha) as
compared to other countries.
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 25

26. ECONOMIC PRODUCTS.
•The stakes of the head are used to make compost.
•Oil extracted from SF is edible as it is rich in un-saturated fatty acids
like oleic (19%) and linoleic acids (68%).
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 26

27. INSECTPOLLINATION
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 27

28. DISTINCT MERITS OF SUNFLOWER
•Wider adaptability
•High yield potentiality of hybrids
•Its day neutral nature
•Short duration crop
7/18/2016 Dept of GPB 28