surface marking of lower limb.pptx

Surface marking

1. SURFACE MARKING OF LOWER LIMB BY: Dr. Maroosh Mirza Dr. Ayesha Afzal Dr. Nawal Azhar .

2. JOINTS HIP JOINT: Put a point 1.2 cm below the junction of lateral with the middle-third of the inguinal ligament Mark another point 1.2 cm below the junction of the medial with the middle - third of the inguinal ligament J oin these two points to represent the joint line.

3. KNEE JOINT: Line of the knee joint is represented by a line drawn round the limb at the level of upper margins of tibial condyles.

4. ARTERIES FEMORAL ARTERY: Take a point on the fold of groin midway between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic symphysis ( mid-inguinal point ) Mark the adductor tubercle (just above the medial condyle of femur) Join these points. The upper two-thirds of this line represents the artery.

5. POPLITEAL ARTERY: Draw a horizontal line on back of thigh at the junction of the middle and lower-third of the thigh. Draw a line to represent the level of the knee joint. Draw the middle line on the back of the limb between the above two horizontal lines. Put a point 2.5 cm medial to the middle line on the back of the limb on the first horizontal line. Put a mark on the back at the level of the tibial tubercle ( tibial tuberosity). Join the first point to the meeting place of the second horizontal line with the midline of the back of the thigh and extend this line to the third point.

6. DORSALIS PEDIS ARTERY: Put a point midway between the two malleoli Mark the proximal end of the first inter-metatarsal space Join these two points by a line.

7. VEINS FEMORAL VEIN: Draw the femoral artery The vein can be drawn close to its medial side in the upper part but behind it in most of its course and to its lateral side below.

8. SAPHENOUS OPENING: Mark the pubic tubercle Put a point 4cm below and lateral to the pubic tubercle to represent the center of the opening. Draw a small circle to outline the opening.

9. LONG SAPHENOUS VEIN: Put a point a little below the center of the saphenous opening Mark the adductor tubercle. Join the two points by a line to represent the vein.

10. FEMORAL NERVE: Put a point 1.2 cm lateral to the mid-inguinal ligament. Draw a vertical line 2.5 cm long from the above point. NERVES

11. SCIATIC NERVE: Mark a point 2.5 cm lateral to the midpoint of the line joining the posterior superior iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity. Put another point just medial to the midpoint of a line joining the ischial tuberosity to the apex of the greater trochanter. Mark the upper angle of the popliteal fossa. Draw a broad line passing downwards and laterally through these points.

12. TIBIAL NERVE: Put a point on the upper limit of popliteal fossa Put another point on the lower limit of popliteal fossa. Mark a point midway between the medial malleolus and the tendocalcaneous. Join these points by a line.

13. COMMOM PERONEAL NERVE: Mark the upper angle of popliteal fossa. Mark a point on the head of the back of the fibula. Mark the neck of fibula Draw a line from first point along the medial side of the tendon of biceps femoris to the second point and curve it downwards and forwards around the neck of fibula.

14. DEEP PERONEAL NERVE Put a point on the lateral aspect of neck of fibula Mark a point b/w the two malleoli Draw a line through these points directed downwards and medially