SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY BASED FEACAL TREATMENT INTO DRINKABLE WATER AND ELECTRICITY 2.pptx

Sustainable fecal waste treatment plant

1. Community Based Decentralized Fecal Sludge Treatment into Drinkable Water and Electricity  Dr Justin B Nickaf Director, Planning , Research and Statistics Standards Organization of Nigeria 1

2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE Background on sanitation Effects of fecal sludge on water sanitation and how we treat it An example of a sustainable Community based sanitation treatment plant Standards to ensure safe sanitation 2

3. The alternative for these people is the act of “open defecation”, which accelerates the spread of disease and is responsible for violent acts against women. . Sa r a V a n T as s el, P r e si d e nt of Ja n i c ki Bioen e r gy w i th c hi l d r en i n K i b e r a slum, K e n y a, Jun e 2014 2 . 5 billion people li v e w i thout a ccess t o a deq u a t e sani t a tion 3

4. 1.5 million child r en die of di a r r hea e v ery y ear K e n y a, Jun e 2014 4

5. 5 SOME STATISTICS ON WATER SANITATION AND HYGIENE RELATED DISEASES Maggie A. Montgomery, Menachem Elimelech, Yale University (2007) Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries: Including Health in the Equation. Environmental Science & Technology © 2007 American Chemical Society  

6. T h e in p uts t o the p r oblem a r e v a r ied: Di g e st ed a nd undi g e st ed slu d g e V ery w e t t o v ery d r y sl u d g e G a rba g e F o r eign ob j ects Di r t a nd other ino r g a nic c o n t e n t South Afri c a, July 2012 6

7. TODAY’S TOILET SOLUTIONS In the DEVELOPING world 7

8. We invest in the development of improved latrine design, pit emptying, sludge treatment, and the disposal of reuse of waste, in pursuit of quality sanitation services for the urban poor. 8

9. K i b e r a slum, K e n y a, Jun e 2014 T h e P r oble m : How c an w e de s t r o y h u man born f e c al p a th o g ens s u ch th a t th e y c a nnot m a k e people sick a nd c o n t a min a t e the lo c a l wa t er sup p ly w ithout a ddi n g financial b u r den t o the c om m u n ity? 9

10. T h a t w as the st a r t of the OP journ e y… N e w De l hi, India, Ma r c h 2014 3 y ea r s a g o Peter Janicki was ap p r oac h ed b y the Bill & Melin d a G a t es F ou n d a tion T h e y w a nt ed SO L UT I O N S: - f r om so m eone with t echnol o gy d e v el o pme n t e x p erience - with a n e w p e r specti v e on sani t a tion - not s o meo n e e n t r enched in t r aditional sani t a tion s o lutio n s 10

11. THE SOLUTION: OMNI PROCESSOR 11

12. Omni P r oces s or (OP) Ca p abilit i es Combu s ts f e c al w a s t e, de s t r o ying • all p a tho g ens R e c y cle s w a t er f r om slud g e i n t o cle an drinking w a t er C r e at es e x ce ss el e ct r icity Gen e r a t es usable h e a t C r e a t es ash Does not r equi r e ele c tri c al grid R e v enue p r oducing and p r of i t able f or o wner 12

13. G a t es No t es Video Slud ge/Combu s t i on Gas s es R ec y c l ed W a t er 13

14. No v el C o mp o ne n ts Althou g h the th r ee p r o c e s s e s a r e “ st anda r d ” , n o v el c ompo n e n ts w e r e r equ i r ed t o all o w f or the t echnology m a rr i a g e: – S t eam E ngine - - Slud g e D r y er - - B o iler 14

15. W h y it W or k s The suc c ess of the Janicki OP is d u e t o the s t r at egic marr ia g e of th r ee d i f f e r e n t “in du s try s t anda r d” p r ocesses: A. S t e a m P o w er Gene r a ti o n B. Solid Fuel Combu s tion C. W a t er T r e a tme n t Pla n t A B C B A C The d r y er boi l s the w at er w i th w a s t e he a t f r om the en g ine Boi l ing i s used t o sepa r at e w at er f r om the sol i d, co m bu s tible port i on of the sludge Boi l ing a l so e l i m in at es all p a thogens in the wat er The s epa r at ed so l ids c an n o w be c o m bu s t ed and the w at er c an be further t r e a t ed 15

16. S t eam Engine S t eam po w er pla n ts typi c al l y g ene r a t e p o w er th r ough the utili z a tion of a s t eam tu r bine F or the OP si z e r an g e and ope r a ting c onditions a s t eam engine is mo r e the r ma l ly e f fic i e n t than a s t eam t ur b ine A st eam engine in the r equi r ed si z e r an g e and ope r a ting c onditions is also mo r e e c onomi c al http: / / www .alborzturbin e .com/Page s /Equip m e nt/St eam % 20 T urbin e .a s px T urbine: Co s t P r ohibit i v e Engine: A f f o r dable 16

17. B o iler It i s di f ficult and e xpensi v e t o find fluid i z ed bed boil e r s in t he si z e and p r essu r e r an g es r equi r ed f or the O P . Mo s t ind u s trial boil e r s a r e mu c h la r g er i n s c ale. A s m aller s c ale boiler w as d e v eloped specific t o the p r o c ess o r needs. 17

18. Air emissions f r om the boiler m eet all appli c able U S E P A c lea n air r egul a tio ns P ol l u t a n ts a r e c o n t r ol l ed t w o w a y s Th e rmal c o n t r ol Addit ion of a b sorbe n ts N O X Fluidi z ed bed c ombu s t o r s run t oo c old t o ma k e a n y t her m al N O X Di o xins & Fu r ans T ypi c al di o xin r equi r es chl orine Chlorine c o nt ained in slud g e is t a k en c a r e of b y d r y sorbe n t inje c tion u ps t r eam of the di o xin/fu r an f orm a tion t emp e r a tu r e. Emissions 18

19. Sulfur – Co n t r olled b y adding c alcium t o the flue g as – ( Ca C O3 + SO 2  CaS O 3 + C O 2 ) C O 2 & O t h e r G l obal W arming G a s s es While the OP does emit C O 2 , the use of this t echnology elimin a t es p r oduction of m e thane Janicki Bi o ene r gy will d e v elop futu r e machines th a t will p r oduce biochar t o s eque st er c arbon Emissions 19

20. W a t er T r e a tme n t S y s t em 20

21. W a t er T r e a tme n t R esults W at er f r om the O P m e e ts US E P A m unicipal a n d WHO po t able w at er s t anda r ds 21

22. OP S 200 S p ecifi c a tio n s P r o p erty S200 V al u e M a x i mum s l ud g e p r o c e s s e d 92.3 ton / 𝑑 a 𝑦 M a x i mum p ow er p r oduced 30 KW M a x i mum po t able w a t er p r oduced 86 , 000 L / 𝑑 a 𝑦 F ootp r i n t 10 tonnes of co2 equivalent P a r as i t i c l oad 5 Kw Dr y er p r e s su r e 4 tor 𝑟 Fuel S l ud g e, Biomass, Garba g e M a x i mum mo i s tu r e in fu e l 99 % Number o f people se r v ed 10 , 00 -20 , 000 22

23. S c ale The Janicki OP is much sma l ler than typi c al p o w er pla n ts. This p r o vides s e v e r al ben e fits t o the sani t a tion solution: S m a l l f ootpri n t in c omm u ni t y Shor t ens t r ansport di s t an c e of w a s t e In c r eas e d ma r k e t d ue t o m i ni m al r eal e s tat e needs Shippable Coupl e s w i th the manu f act u r i ng phi l osop h y t o al l o w f or ma s s p r oduction and shipm e n t w or l dwide 11.5 m 20m 23

24. Disr u p ti v e T ech n ol o gy W i th t h i s c ombin a tion of t ech n ology and bus i n e ss / manu f ac t ur i ng phi l osop h y , the Janicki OP r e v olut i oni z es the t r e a tme n t of f e c al slud g e and other w a st e p r oducts p r o vi d i n g r e v e n ue po t e n tial i n s t ead of a pa r asitic c o s t t o soci ety 24

25. E c onomi c s of the S o lution The e c on o mics sh o w p o ssible r e v enu e s of $ 2 . 1 9 M(N767) MM/ y e ar w at er a t $0 . 05 / l • slud g e a t $10 / t on • ele c trici t y a t $180 /MW • ash a t $20 / t on • he a t a t $0 . 70 /the r m W e t R a w Slud ge or Garba g e D ri nk i ng W a t er D r y Fuel $1 , 156k =N422M He a t E l e c t r icit y Ash $220k =N80.3M $15k =N15M $353k =N129M $329k =N120M Slud ge W a t er E l ec t r ici ty Ash He a t 25

26. P a yback on the I n v e s tme n t If y ou c an sell the wa t er f or $ . 5 /li t er (N18/Liter) the pla n t should p a y f or itself in less than 2 y ea r s If y ou g et paid a r e a sonable f ee t o t a k e t he slud g e and sell the el e ct r ici t y (but do not se l l the w a t e r ), the p r oc es s or should p a y f or itse l f i n 5-6 y e a r s 26

27. Will P eo p le Drink R ec y cled W a t er? If the w a t er y ou and y our f amily a r e dri n k i ng is making y ou sick it is a n e a s y choic e . If y ou h a v e t o t r a v el f ar t o g e t t he w a t er it will be an ea s y choice. H o w e v e r , w e m a y h a v e t o gi v e the w a t er a w a y i ni t ia l ly t o ge t peop l e t o a cce p t i t . 27

28. Cur r e n t W a t er O p tions Piped w a t er not gua r a n t eed s a f e W ell w a t er not gua r a n t eed s a f e Ri v e r s, l a k es, e t c. not gua r a n t eed s a f e Bo t tled / sach e ts Only gu a r a nt eed s a f e o p tion 28

29. ARE THERE STANDARDS ON SANITATION ISSUES? ISO 24521:2016 Activities relating to drinking water and wastewater services—Guidelines for the management of basic on site domestic wastewater services ISO 30500,  Non- sewered sanitation systems – Prefabricated integrated treatment units – General safety and performance requirements for design and testing (FDIS) ISO PC 305 ISO PC 318 Community scale resource oriented sanitation treatment systems 29

30. Why a standard? Needed to define the baseline Helps speaking the same language Facilitates dissemination of knowledge and good practices Facilitates innovation Limits duplication of efforts 30

31. What’s an ISO standard? Technical document representing an international consensus: Of experts & countries On : design, performance level, operation, etc... 31

32. THANK YOU DR JUSTIN B NICKAF 07035677281 [email protected] [email protected]