Sustainable development

1. PRESENTATION PRESENTATION
ONON
SUSTAINABLE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT

2. The term sustainable The term sustainable
development was first used at development was first used at
the Cocoyoc Declaration on the Cocoyoc Declaration on
Environment and Development Environment and Development
in the early 1970 reportin the early 1970 report
It Defination is contained in It Defination is contained in our common our common
future – the 1987 report of the future – the 1987 report of the
proceeding of the World Commission proceeding of the World Commission
on Environment and Developmenton Environment and Development

3. Global pandemics, climate change, Global pandemics, climate change,
natural disasters, poor soil natural disasters, poor soil
conditions, deforestation — these conditions, deforestation — these
issues are at the heart of issues are at the heart of
sustainable development and at the sustainable development and at the
heart of the work of The Earth heart of the work of The Earth
Institute.Institute.

4. Ignoring the issues of sustainable development Ignoring the issues of sustainable development
has many possible consequences, such as has many possible consequences, such as
rising sea levelsrising sea levels, , extreme droughtsextreme droughts, ,
erosion and loss of forestserosion and loss of forests,,
increases in slum populations increases in slum populations, ,
species extinctionsspecies extinctions and and collapsing fisheriescollapsing fisheries. .
There is also increasing evidence that issues There is also increasing evidence that issues
such as water scarcity such as water scarcity
play a role in internal violence and regional conflictplay a role in internal violence and regional conflict
..
The question of "Is sustainable development The question of "Is sustainable development
feasible?" is the subject of the two-day feasible?" is the subject of the two-day
conference, conference, State of the Planet,State of the Planet, taking place at taking place at
The Earth Institute on March 28-29, 2006.The Earth Institute on March 28-29, 2006.

5. WORLD COMMISSION has given WORLD COMMISSION has given
the defination the defination
“Sustainable development is the “Sustainable development is the
development that meets the need development that meets the need
of present without compromising of present without compromising
the ability of future generation to the ability of future generation to
meets their own need”meets their own need”

6. CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT
It implies natural resource management It implies natural resource management
that is economically viable in short run that is economically viable in short run
and environmentally sustainable in long and environmentally sustainable in long
run.run.
It emphasize on optimum management of It emphasize on optimum management of
land and water resources so as to land and water resources so as to
maintain a balance between productivity maintain a balance between productivity
function & conservation practices through function & conservation practices through
identification of problem area that require identification of problem area that require
alternate management practices. alternate management practices.

7. Growth & LimitGrowth & Limit
This concept create a complex This concept create a complex
debate about SDdebate about SD
Continuous economic growth made Continuous economic growth made
much more eventually sensitive in much more eventually sensitive in
order to raise the living standard the order to raise the living standard the
poor globally & break the link poor globally & break the link
between poverty and environment.between poverty and environment.
It call for radical change in economic It call for radical change in economic
organization producing much lower organization producing much lower
rate or zero rate.rate or zero rate.

8. Thus sustainableThus sustainable development is not looking development is not looking
for industrial production for shake of profit alone for industrial production for shake of profit alone
nor does it purposes business . Now the issue is nor does it purposes business . Now the issue is
how to increase the wealth in eventually sound how to increase the wealth in eventually sound
way in order to make major redistribution on way in order to make major redistribution on
income world wide.income world wide.

9. Principal of sustainability (Principal Principal of sustainability (Principal
of Equity) of Equity)
The principal of interageneration equity The principal of interageneration equity
Use of natural resources in such a way to Use of natural resources in such a way to
reduce the wealth gap within and between the reduce the wealth gap within and between the
nation.nation.
The principal of intergeneration equityThe principal of intergeneration equity
Minimize the adverse impact of utilization of Minimize the adverse impact of utilization of
natural resources on future generationnatural resources on future generation
We should We should
-Reduce the pollutionReduce the pollution
-Maintain ecological balance Maintain ecological balance

10. Objective of S. DObjective of S. D
Concern for future generationConcern for future generation
Protection of environmentProtection of environment
Maintenance of high and stable levels Maintenance of high and stable levels
of economic growthof economic growth
Rational utilization of natural Rational utilization of natural
resources.resources.
Social progress that recognizes the Social progress that recognizes the
needs of everyone. needs of everyone.

11. Measure to promote Sustainable Measure to promote Sustainable
Development.Development.
11. . Restoring the environment and combating Restoring the environment and combating
povertypoverty
2. Sustainable mountain farming system.2. Sustainable mountain farming system.
-Soil erosion and fertility management.Soil erosion and fertility management.
-Dry land agriculture.Dry land agriculture.
-Shifting cultivationShifting cultivation
3. Afforestation and regeneration of degradation.3. Afforestation and regeneration of degradation.
4. Rangeland & grassland development4. Rangeland & grassland development
5. Control desertification5. Control desertification
6. Watershed management 6. Watershed management
7. Natural Hazard & disaster management7. Natural Hazard & disaster management

12. 8. Healthy cropland & woodland8. Healthy cropland & woodland
9. To promote renewable energy sources 9. To promote renewable energy sources
of energyof energy
10. Women and mountain development10. Women and mountain development
11. Conservation of natural resources – 11. Conservation of natural resources –
water forest and soilwater forest and soil
12. Hazardous waste management 12. Hazardous waste management
- Reuse, recycle, reduce - Reuse, recycle, reduce
14. Promotion of organic farming 14. Promotion of organic farming
- Application of Biofertilizer- Application of Biofertilizer
- Crop rotation- Crop rotation
- Intercropping- Intercropping
- Multiple cropping- Multiple cropping
- - Promotion of traditional technologiesPromotion of traditional technologies

13. Characteristic of SustainabilityCharacteristic of Sustainability
1.1.Substitution: Substitution:
The substitution of non renewableThe substitution of non renewable
natural resources are the use of natural resources are the use of
renewable energy resources. renewable energy resources.
For Eg. The substitution of coal, petrolFor Eg. The substitution of coal, petrol
and natural gases are wind, solar, and natural gases are wind, solar,
geothermal and tidal energy geothermal and tidal energy

14. 2. Renewability2. Renewability
Renewable resources should be used in Renewable resources should be used in
such a way so that the rate of utilization of such a way so that the rate of utilization of
a resources should be lower then or equal a resources should be lower then or equal
to the rate of regeneration of resources. to the rate of regeneration of resources.
3. Institutional Commitment 3. Institutional Commitment
An individual cant bring change. The chang An individual cant bring change. The chang
need political support, constitutional need political support, constitutional
provision, legal framework and coordination provision, legal framework and coordination
between legal institutions.between legal institutions.
All level of society must be prepared All level of society must be prepared
through education , to accept and the value through education , to accept and the value
of sustainable development.of sustainable development.

15. 4. Adaptability 4. Adaptability
We have to learn to adapt to c changing environment.We have to learn to adapt to c changing environment.
For eg. We have to adapt ourselves to use clay cups or For eg. We have to adapt ourselves to use clay cups or
ordinary glasses that can be washed or used a number ordinary glasses that can be washed or used a number
of time.of time.
4. 4. Interdependence Interdependence
There exist interdependence among communities and There exist interdependence among communities and
nations. Environment knows no boundaries. Air pollution nations. Environment knows no boundaries. Air pollution
created by nation spread to neighboring countries. So created by nation spread to neighboring countries. So
interdependence and mutual co-operation is necessary interdependence and mutual co-operation is necessary
input in maintaining sustainability. input in maintaining sustainability.

16. ConclusionConclusion
In In orderorder to to promote sustainable development we promote sustainable development we
have to take care of the following area:have to take care of the following area:
-Conservation of energyConservation of energy
-Conservation of BiodiversityConservation of Biodiversity
-Reduction in pollutionReduction in pollution
-Population ControlPopulation Control
-Promotion of renewable energy resourcesPromotion of renewable energy resources
-Promoting organic farmingPromoting organic farming
-Watershed ManagementWatershed Management
-An approach of common decision makingAn approach of common decision making

17. Watershed Management Watershed Management

18. Watershed ManagementWatershed Management
What is Watershed?What is Watershed?
Watershed is a geographical area drained by Watershed is a geographical area drained by
a stream or a system connecting stream in a stream or a system connecting stream in
which water from all over area flow under which water from all over area flow under
gravity to a common drainage channel. gravity to a common drainage channel.
A watershed system deliver water through rills,A watershed system deliver water through rills,
gullies, runoff stream to a larger body of gullies, runoff stream to a larger body of
water. water.
Usually slope of circular or semicircular hilly Usually slope of circular or semicircular hilly
range form a good watershed to give rise to a range form a good watershed to give rise to a
large aquatic body at foothillslarge aquatic body at foothills

19. Watershed Watershed
The terms watershed, catchments, drainage area and river The terms watershed, catchments, drainage area and river
basin are all used to describe a land.basin are all used to describe a land.
It is determined by topographical features which include a It is determined by topographical features which include a
surrounding boundary.surrounding boundary.
In North America, the term “watershed” is restricted In North America, the term “watershed” is restricted
sometimes to mean a comparatively small catchments, or sometimes to mean a comparatively small catchments, or
sometimes to mean the upland, water-yielding portion of a sometimes to mean the upland, water-yielding portion of a
larger river basin. larger river basin.
In British Commonwealth countries it is sometimes restricted In British Commonwealth countries it is sometimes restricted
to mean “drainage divide”. In this document we will use it to to mean “drainage divide”. In this document we will use it to
be synonymous with catchments or river basin, particularly inbe synonymous with catchments or river basin, particularly in
the context of “integratedthe context of “integrated

20. Watershed ManagementWatershed Management
Watershed management is rational utilization Watershed management is rational utilization
of land and water resource for optimum production of land and water resource for optimum production
with minimum hazards to natural resources. It with minimum hazards to natural resources. It
essentially relate to soil and water conservation.essentially relate to soil and water conservation.
In watershed which means proper land uses, In watershed which means proper land uses,
protecting land from against all forms of protecting land from against all forms of
deterioration , building and maintaining soil deterioration , building and maintaining soil
fertility, conserving water for farms use, proper fertility, conserving water for farms use, proper
management of local water for drainage , flood management of local water for drainage , flood
protection and sediment reduction. protection and sediment reduction.

21. An integrated watershed Management includeAn integrated watershed Management include
Conserving the water, soil and conserving Conserving the water, soil and conserving
surplus water to recharge ground water.surplus water to recharge ground water.
Minimize ploughing and forest cutting on Minimize ploughing and forest cutting on
steeps slopes protect watershed.steeps slopes protect watershed.
Promoting Afforestation, horticulture and Promoting Afforestation, horticulture and
pasture.pasture.
Promote crop management system to promote Promote crop management system to promote
sustainable farming.sustainable farming.
Constructing small dams on streams to hold Constructing small dams on streams to hold
back water to prevent flooding.back water to prevent flooding.
Improving the standard of living of individual Improving the standard of living of individual
farmer.farmer.
Promoting ecological balancePromoting ecological balance

22. Benefit of Watershed Management Benefit of Watershed Management
Reduction in the rate of sedimentation in major Reduction in the rate of sedimentation in major
dams, rivers and harborsdams, rivers and harbors
Reduction of run-off and damaging floodsReduction of run-off and damaging floods
Conservation of soil fertility and the maintenance Conservation of soil fertility and the maintenance
and improvement of agricultural productivityand improvement of agricultural productivity
Maintenance and improvement of water qualityMaintenance and improvement of water quality
Reduction in soil salinity and acidityReduction in soil salinity and acidity
Protection of wildlife habitatProtection of wildlife habitat
Increased public awareness of the inter-Increased public awareness of the inter-
relationships within watersheds and identification relationships within watersheds and identification
of land capabilityof land capability
Maintenance and improvement of tree and Maintenance and improvement of tree and
vegetation cover.vegetation cover.

25. Due improper management of Due improper management of
WatershedWatershed

35. Strategies of Integrated Watershed Strategies of Integrated Watershed
ManagementManagement
(a) Coordination of policies, programmes
and activities as they relate to integrated
watershed
management;
(b) Promotion of community participation in
integrated watershed management;
(c) Identification and rehabilitation of
natural resource degradation;
(d) Promotion of the sustainable use of
natural resources;
(e) Provision of stable and productive soils,
high quality water, and protective
vegetative cover
within individual watersheds.

36. Other MeasuresOther Measures
• prevent further land degradation
• restore degraded natural resources
• ensure that natural resources are used
within their capability
• minimize the impacts arising from the use
of natural resources
• ensure that native flora and fauna are
protected
• promote appropriate planning and
management
• preserve items and places having cultural
heritage values