Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Millennium Development. Goals (MDGs)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Millennium Development. Goals (MDGs)

1. Presenter: Dr. Kriti Bhat K Guide: Dr. Praveen Ganganahalli Dr. Anuj Singh Asst. Professor Community Medicine Dept. UIMS, Prayagraj

2. Overview Health for All Millennium development goals Transition to sustainable development goals Summary References

3. Definition of “Health For All” WHO (May-1977) : “Attainment of a level of health that will enable every individual to lead a socially and economically productive life by 2000 ” 4

4. Back ground for “ Health For All ” World Health and related socio-economic problems 1000 million-trapped in vicious cycle of poverty, malnutrition, disease Life expectancy: 55 years in developing countries 50 years in Africa and southern Asia IMR: 100 to 200/1000 LB in developing countries Only 1/3 population in least developed countries- access to safe drinking water and sanitary facilities 5

5. Back ground (Contd…) Under nutrition -hundreds of millions of people Literacy 900 million people in developing countries could neither read nor write Health system Poorly organized in most countries Concentrated in cities only 2/3 population in developing countries did not have access to any permanent health care 6

6. Monitoring and Evaluation of Progress towards “Health for all” 7

7. Global indicators for monitoring progress towards “Health for all” Health policy indicators Social and economic indicators related to health Indicators for the provision of health care Health status indicators 8

8. 1. Health policy indicators Political commitment to "Health for All“ Resource allocation Degree of equity of distribution of health services Community involvement Organizational framework and managerial process 9

9. 2. Social and Economic indicators related to health Rate of population increase GNP or GDP Income distribution Work conditions Adult literacy rate Housing Food availability 10

10. 3. Indicators for the provision of health care Availability Accessibility Utilization Quality of care 11

11. 4. Health status indicators Low birth weight (percentage) Nutritional status and psychosocial development of children Infant mortality rate Child mortality rate (1-4 years) Life expectancy at birth Maternal mortality rate Disease specific mortality Morbidity - incidence and prevalence Disability prevalence 12

12. Achievements towards “Health for all” in India 13

13. Achievements of India 14 Sr. No. PARAMETERS YEARS 1951-61 1961 1991-94 1998-99 2002/03 2005/06 Latest 1 Crude Birth Rate 41.7 (1951) 37.2 28.7 (SRS 1993) 26.4 (SRS 1998) 25.4/24.8 21 20 2 Crude Death Rate 25.1 (1951) 10.4 (SRS 1998) 8.4/8 7.6 7 3 Maternal Mortality Ratio >5 /1000 LB 4.37 /1000 LB 4.07 /1000 LB 4 Infant Mortality Rate 146 110 74 (SRS 1993) 72 (SRS 1998) 63/60 45 36 5 Life expectancy at birth (years) 41.3 50.5 56.6 62 64.6 56

14. Challenges Non-Communicable diseases figured prominently in the spectrum of illnesses in the Region taking a toll of nearly seven million lives every year Tuberculosis and malaria still dominated the disease pattern, with the added concern of drug resistance Kala- azar , once nearly eradicated, and plague, which was dormant for decades, had reappeared HIV infection was assuming grave proportions 15

15. Challenges (cont..) Cases of cholera, caused by a new strain, O139, needed careful monitoring Many countries still lack trained epidemiologists to investigate and control outbreaks Less effective vector control due to increased insecticide resistance An increasing trend in microbial resistance 16

16. Challenges (contd..) Changes in socioeconomic, demographic and environmental patterns which favoured the emergence and spread of infectious diseases Rapid population growth Increasing poverty Uncontrolled urbanization Environmental degradation Rapid increase in travel within as well as between countries 17

17. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (2000-2015)

18. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) The MDGs needed to focus and pressure on basic development issues, this help the governments at national and regional levels for better planning and to implement more intensive policies and programmes . The MDGs originated from the Millennium Declaration adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in September 2000.

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20. Millennium Development Goals ( MDGs) & India’s progress 22

21. Steps taken to achieve Goal 1 GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS) [1975] Indira Awas Yojana (1985) Pradhan Mantry Gram Sadak Yojana (25 th Dec. 2000) The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (3 rd Dec. 2005) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) [2 nd Feb 2006] National Food Security Mission (Oct 2007) Aajeevika -National Rural Livelihood Mission (June 2011) National Urban Livelihood Mission (13 th Feb 2015) 23

22. Steps taken to achieve Goal 2 MDG 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION Early Childhood Care and Education under ICDS [1975] Mid Day Meal Scheme (15 th Aug 1995) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2000-01) 24

23. Steps taken to achieve Goal 3 MDG 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN Mahila Samakhya Programme (1988) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2000-01) National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (July 2003) Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidhyalaya Scheme (Aug 2004) Kishori Shakti Yojana (1 st Jan 2007) Rashtriya Madhyamic Shiksha Abhiyan (Mar 2009) Saakshar Bharat (8 th Sept 2009) Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls – SABLA (1 st Apr 2011) Rashtriya Uchhtar Shiksha Abhiyan (2013) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (Jan 2015 ) 25

24. Steps taken to achieve Goal 4 MDG 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS) [1975] National Health Mission (NHM) [12 th Apr 2005-NRHM, 1 st May 2013-NUHM] Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) [Feb 2013] 26

25. Steps taken to achieve Goal 5 MDG 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS) [1975] Indira Gandhi Matritav Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) (2010) National Health Mission (NHM) [12 th Apr 2005-NRHM, 1 st May 2013-NUHM] 27

26. Steps taken to achieve Goal 6 MDG 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES Urban Malaria Scheme (1971) National AIDS Control Programme (1992) Revised National TB Control Programme (26 th Mar 1997) National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme (2003-04) 28

27. Steps taken to achieve Goal 7 MDG 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Nirmal Gram Puraskar (Oct 2003) National Rural Drinking Water Programme (Apr 2009) Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (2 nd Oct 2014) 29

28. Gaps

29. Gaps… Gender inequality persists Big gaps between the poorest and richest households, and between rural and urban areas, Climate change and environmental degradation undermine progress achieved , and poor people suffer the most Conflicts remain the biggest threat to human development

30. Transitioning from MDGs to SDG s 33

31. 17 goals 169 targets More than 300 indicators 34

32. SDGs- Introduction SDGs -not legally binding Governments - to take ownership and establish national frameworks Countries - Primary responsibility for follow-up and review of the progress 36

33. Areas of critical importance in SDGs People Planet Prosperity Peace Partnership 37

34. Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Targets (total 7) By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere, currently measured as people living on less than $1.25 a day By 2030, reduce at least by half the proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions according to national definitions 38

35. Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security ... Targets (total 8) By 2030, end hunger and ensure access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year round in particular to.. Poor People in vulnerable situations, Infants By 2030, end all forms of malnutrition , Address the nutritional needs of ... Adolescent girls, pregnant and lactating women and older persons 39

36. Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives..... Targets (total 13) By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births By 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce.... Neonatal mortality -12 per 1,000 live births Under-5 mortality -25 per 1,000 live births 40

37. Goal 3 (Contd…) Targets By 2030, end the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases By 2030, reduce by one third premature mortality from non-communicable diseases through prevention and treatment and promote mental health and well-being 41

38. Goal 3 (Contd…) Targets Strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents By 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services 42

39. Goal 3 (Contd…) Targets Achieve universal health coverage , including financial risk protection, access to quality essential health-care services By 2030, substantially reduce the number of deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and air, water and soil pollution and contamination Strengthen the implementation of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in all countries, as appropriate 43

40. Goal 3 (Contd…) Targets Support the research and development of vaccines and medicines for the communicable and non-communicable diseases. Substantially increase health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce Strengthen the capacity of all countries for early warning, risk reduction and management of national and global health risks 44

41. Goal : Gender Equality Targets (target 9) End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including traffickin g and sexual and other types of exploitation 45

42. Goal 5 (Contd....) Targets (target 9) Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights 46

43. Goal 6 : Clean Water & Sanitation Targets (total 8) By 2030, achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all By 2030, achieve access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all To end open defecation , paying special attention to the needs of women and girls and those in vulnerable situations 47

44. Goal 7: Affordable & Clean Energy Targets (total 5) By 2030, ensure universal access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services By 2030, increase substantially the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix By 2030, double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency 48

45. Goal 8: Descent work & economic growth Targets ( total 12) Take immediate and effective measures..... To eradicate forced labour To end modern slavery To end human trafficking To end child labour in all its forms by 2025 Protect labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments employment 49

46. Goal 9: Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure Target (8) Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure , including Regional and trans-border infrastructure To support economic development and human well-being, With a focus on affordable and equitable access for all 50

47. Goal 10:Reduced inequalities Targets (total 10) By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all , irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other status 51

48. Goal 11 :Sustainable cities & communities Targets(9) By 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities , including by paying special attention to air quality and municipal and other waste management By 2030, provide universal access to safe, inclusive and accessible, green and public spaces , in particular for women and children, older persons and persons with disabilities 52

49. Goal 12 :Responsible consumption &production Targets (total 11) By 2030, halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains, including post-harvest losses By 2020, achieve the environmentally sound management of chemicals and all wastes throughout their life cycle, and significantly reduce their release to air, water and soil in order to minimize their adverse impacts on human health and the environment 53

50. Goal 13 :Cimate Action Targets (total 5) Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-related hazards and natural disasters in all countries Integrate climate change measures into national policies , strategies and planning 54

51. Goal 14 :Life below water Targets (total 10) By 2025, prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution of all kinds By 2020, sustainably manage and protect marine and coastal ecosystems in order to achieve healthy and productive oceans 55

52. Goal 15 :Life on land Targets (total 12) By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation , restore degraded forests By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral world 56

53. Goal 16 :Peace , justice & strong institution Targets (total 11) Substantially reduce corruption and bribery in all their forms Significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere End abuse, exploitation, trafficking and all forms of violence against and torture of children 57

54. Goal 17 :Partnerships for the Goals Targets (total 19) Finance Technology Capacity building Trade Systemic issues 58