Swaroopams of kerala gives light in to the evidences of history medieval kerala

Reign of tharavadus

1. SWAROOPAM

2. End of perumal rule - decentralised Nadus became independent The position of power - Naduvazhi Swaroopam Major naduvazhi swaroopam Ruling families Marumakkathayam M ilitary Increase of power and clashes Portuguese and Dutch - 15th cen - intervened

3. Until 18th cen - swaroopam continued without much change 2nd half of 18th cen - mysore sultans led campaign Nediyiruppu , kola and other smaller swaroopam came under sultans Naduvazhis fled to venadu Perumpadappu accepted the suzernity of sultans Travancore resisted Malabar , kochi and travancore End of 18th cen EIC defeated tipu Independent rule of naduvazhi end in malabar Travancore and kochi became princely states