Sweet gourd production technology

Botanical name : Momordica cochinchinensis
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Origin - Southeast Asia

1. An
Assignment On
Production Technology of Sweet gourd
SUBMITTED TO:-
Dr.K.D.Desai
A.C.H.F., N.A.U.,
Navsari396 450.
SUBMITTED BY:-
ParmarManishkumarN.
2020217018
III SEM, M.Sc. (Horti)
VEGETABLESCIENCE

2. Introduction
Botanical name :Momordica cochinchinensis
Family : Cucurbitaceae
Origin-Southeast Asia
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3. Origin and distribution
•Sweet gourd comprises about 45 species,
mainly occurring in Africa, 6-7 species have
been recorded in India.
•Sweet gourd occurs wild and cultivated from
India to Japan and Malaysia.
•Sweet gourd comprises about 45 species,
mainly occurring in Africa, 6-7 species have
been recorded in India.
•Sweet gourd occurs wild and cultivated from
India to Japan and Malaysia.
2

4. Botany
•Dioecious, perennial climber.
•Stem glabrous, leaves sub-orbicular, 5 lobed
flower white or pale yellow black at base
inside.
•Fruits : Ovoid,10-15 cm long, pointed densely
aculeate turning red at maturity.
•seed : Ovoid 26-28mm long,compressed.
•Dioecious, perennial climber.
•Stem glabrous, leaves sub-orbicular, 5 lobed
flower white or pale yellow black at base
inside.
•Fruits : Ovoid,10-15 cm long, pointed densely
aculeate turning red at maturity.
•seed : Ovoid 26-28mm long,compressed.
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5. Flower Fruit

6. Nutritive value of sweet gourd (per 100 g of edible
portion)
Constituents Amount
Moisture 84.09 g
Protein 2.61 g
Fat 0.66 g
Carbohydrates 5.69 g
Crude fiber 5.93 g
Mineral matter 1.02 g
Calcium 21 mg
Phosphorus 148mg
Iron 2.59 mg
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7. Climate and Soil
•Warmhumidclimatewith25-35
0
Candaverageannual
rainfallof1500-2500mmisideallysuitedforcultivatingthe
sweetgourd.
•Theplantcansurviveinwinterat10cmbelowwiththe
groundtemperaturemorethan1°C,10cmbeneath.
•Vinesofsweetgourdremaindormantduringwinterseason
andsproutswithonsetofspring.
•Itahardycropandcanbegrownindifferentkindsofsoil.
However,fertilesandyloamsoilwithpHrangefrom6.5to7.0
isconsideredideal.
•Thereshouldbeadequateprovisionofdrainageascropisvery
sensitivetowaterloggedconditions.
•Warmhumidclimatewith25-35
0
Candaverageannual
rainfallof1500-2500mmisideallysuitedforcultivatingthe
sweetgourd.
•Theplantcansurviveinwinterat10cmbelowwiththe
groundtemperaturemorethan1°C,10cmbeneath.
•Vinesofsweetgourdremaindormantduringwinterseason
andsproutswithonsetofspring.
•Itahardycropandcanbegrownindifferentkindsofsoil.
However,fertilesandyloamsoilwithpHrangefrom6.5to7.0
isconsideredideal.
•Thereshouldbeadequateprovisionofdrainageascropisvery
sensitivetowaterloggedconditions.
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8. Propagation
•Seed, Tubers & cutting
•Seed: 3-5 kg, longer period to attain maturity (3-5 years, low
germination (50%), 48.7% female and 51.3% male
•Tubers: 50,000 sprouted tubers/ha, selected from 2-3 year old
plants, 40g piece is the best for propagation.
•Stem cuttings: 2 nodes/cutting, treat with 200-500ppm IBA,
July-Aug,
•When sprouted cutting attain 4-5 leaves, they are planted in
the main field
•Seed, Tubers & cutting
•Seed: 3-5 kg, longer period to attain maturity (3-5 years, low
germination (50%), 48.7% female and 51.3% male
•Tubers: 50,000 sprouted tubers/ha, selected from 2-3 year old
plants, 40g piece is the best for propagation.
•Stem cuttings: 2 nodes/cutting, treat with 200-500ppm IBA,
July-Aug,
•When sprouted cutting attain 4-5 leaves, they are planted in
the main field
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9. Manures and fertilizers
•Apply10-12tonnesfarmyardmanureorWellrotten
cowdungatthetimeoffieldpreparation.
•Inaddition,100-120kgnitrogen,60kgP
20
5and50
kgK
20shouldbegiveneveryyear.
•Nitrogenshouldbegivenintwosplitdoses.
•Sproutedcuttingsplantedinbasinwhentheyattain4-
5leafstageapproximately30-35daysafterplanning
aretopdressedwith15gofurea.
•Apply10-12tonnesfarmyardmanureorWellrotten
cowdungatthetimeoffieldpreparation.
•Inaddition,100-120kgnitrogen,60kgP
20
5and50
kgK
20shouldbegiveneveryyear.
•Nitrogenshouldbegivenintwosplitdoses.
•Sproutedcuttingsplantedinbasinwhentheyattain4-
5leafstageapproximately30-35daysafterplanning
aretopdressedwith15gofurea.
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10. Variety
•Arka Neelachal Gaurav
•Developed through clonal selection at CHES, Bhubaneswar.
•Plants vigorous with dark-green foliage, strong vine and fairly long
growing period (15 June–15 October).
•Dark-green and oval fruits along with small spines.
•Fruits 6.0 cm long, 3.8 cm thick.
•Average weight 50 g.
•Needs hand pollination for assured yield (12-15 kg/ plant per season).
•Produces large numbers of female flowers.
•Shows moderate resistance to pumpkin caterpillar infestation, and moderate
susceptibility to anthracnose and downy mildew diseases in the field.
•Arka Neelachal Gaurav
•Developed through clonal selection at CHES, Bhubaneswar.
•Plants vigorous with dark-green foliage, strong vine and fairly long
growing period (15 June–15 October).
•Dark-green and oval fruits along with small spines.
•Fruits 6.0 cm long, 3.8 cm thick.
•Average weight 50 g.
•Needs hand pollination for assured yield (12-15 kg/ plant per season).
•Produces large numbers of female flowers.
•Shows moderate resistance to pumpkin caterpillar infestation, and moderate
susceptibility to anthracnose and downy mildew diseases in the field.
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11. Anthracnose:
Causalorganism:Colletotrichumlagenarium,
Itisadestructivediseaseofcucurbitsoccurringduring
warmandmoistseasons.
Allabovegroundplantpartscanbeinfected.
Leaflesionsbeginaswatersoakedandthenbecome
yellowishcircularspots
Control :
Spray 0.1 per centCarbendazimat 10 days interval.
Diseases
Anthracnose:
Causalorganism:Colletotrichumlagenarium,
Itisadestructivediseaseofcucurbitsoccurringduring
warmandmoistseasons.
Allabovegroundplantpartscanbeinfected.
Leaflesionsbeginaswatersoakedandthenbecome
yellowishcircularspots
Control :
Spray 0.1 per centCarbendazimat 10 days interval.
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12. •Downy mildew : It is a fungal disease.
Symptoms appear as yellowish spots on leaves
and it is centralized to leaf vein.
•Control : Spray 0.25 per cent Mancozeb at 10
days interval.
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13. •Powdery Mildew :Disease appears on all
foliar part as white to dull white, powdery
growth.
•This white growth quickly covers most of the
leaf surface and leads to heavy reduction in
photosynthesis area.
•Control : Spray 0.2 per cent Mancozeb.
•Powdery Mildew :Disease appears on all
foliar part as white to dull white, powdery
growth.
•This white growth quickly covers most of the
leaf surface and leads to heavy reduction in
photosynthesis area.
•Control : Spray 0.2 per cent Mancozeb.
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14. Pests
•Epilachnabeetle:Adultandlarvaebothdamagethe
cropbyeatingtenderleaves.Sometimes,larvae
attackonroots.Maximumdamageisobservedfrom
mid-JunetoAugust.
•Control:Dustthecropby5kgCarbaryl5.D+5kg
ash/acreor100kgCarbaryl50%WPdissolvedin
100litresofwaterandsprayalternativelyat15days
intervals.
•Epilachnabeetle:Adultandlarvaebothdamagethe
cropbyeatingtenderleaves.Sometimes,larvae
attackonroots.Maximumdamageisobservedfrom
mid-JunetoAugust.
•Control:Dustthecropby5kgCarbaryl5.D+5kg
ash/acreor100kgCarbaryl50%WPdissolvedin
100litresofwaterandsprayalternativelyat15days
intervals.
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15. Fruit fly
•Fruit fly lays eggs in flesh of tender fruit and
after emergence of larvae, they eat flesh inside
and fruits start decaying.
•Control : Spray Ecothion on Folithion 50 EC
or 50 g Carbaryl WP 50 per cent dissolved in
250 litres of water and add 1.25 kg jaggery and
spray evenly on whole plants.
•Fruit fly lays eggs in flesh of tender fruit and
after emergence of larvae, they eat flesh inside
and fruits start decaying.
•Control : Spray Ecothion on Folithion 50 EC
or 50 g Carbaryl WP 50 per cent dissolved in
250 litres of water and add 1.25 kg jaggery and
spray evenly on whole plants.
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16. Harvesting, yield
•Fullydevelopedbutimmaturefruitsare
harvestedforvegetableuse.
•Generallyasinglevineofspinegourdyields
13kgfruitand160-180quintalsyieldis
realizedfromahectarefield.
•Fullydevelopedbutimmaturefruitsare
harvestedforvegetableuse.
•Generallyasinglevineofspinegourdyields
13kgfruitand160-180quintalsyieldis
realizedfromahectarefield.
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17. Processing
•For preserving the fruits of sweet gourd, slice
the hard green mass, blanch 1 kg slice in 3 liter
lactic acid solution at 3.5 pH for 4 minutes at
82°C. At this level the retention of ascorbic
acid is maximum.
•The slice can be dried in sun and kept in closed
tin containers for use in future.
•For preserving the fruits of sweet gourd, slice
the hard green mass, blanch 1 kg slice in 3 liter
lactic acid solution at 3.5 pH for 4 minutes at
82°C. At this level the retention of ascorbic
acid is maximum.
•The slice can be dried in sun and kept in closed
tin containers for use in future.
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