SYNOPSIS TOPIC: CLINICAL STUDY OF GLAUCOMA IN DOGS..pptx

Synopsis for glaucoma in veterinary

1. SYNOPSIS TOPIC: CLINICAL STUDY OF GLAUCOMA IN DOGS.

2. INTRODUCTION Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the middle-aged dogs. It is characterised by an elevation of intra-ocular pressure (IOP) that results in the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. The clinical signs seen are episcleral congestion, corneal edema, fixed and irregularly shaped pupil s , Haab striae, etc.

3. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical manifestation of glaucoma in dogs and diagnose it. To manage glaucoma in dogs with topical dorzolamide, timolol, latanoprost, prednisolone, topical and systemic antibiotics, NSAID, anti-oxidants (Vit. A, Vit. C., Vit. E.) and aqueous humour paracentesis (as per the requirement of the case).

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND EXPERIMENT DESIGN 20 clinical cases of dogs presented with acute loss of vision (up to 3 weeks) and an elevated IOP will be included in the study. Cases with corneal ulcers will not be included in this study.

5. GENERAL EXAMINATION Evaluation of cornea, sclera, conjunctiva. Palpebral reflex, Pupillary light reflex, menace response. CBC, biochemical tests viz. BUN, creatinine, total protein, glucose. Test for tick fever (E. Canis rapid). Blood sample will be tested for culture sensitivi ty .

6. EYE EXAMINATION TESTS Schirmer Tear test Tonometry Ophthalmoscopy/Slit-lamp biomicroscopy Fundus examination (as per the requirement of the case) Ultrasonography of the eye

7. TREATMENT PROTOCOL Topical corticosteroid: 1% Prednisolone (TID). Topical prostaglandin analogue: 0.05% Latanoprost (BID). Combination of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and beta blocker: 2% Dorzolamide and 0.5% Timolol (TID). Topical antibiotic: Ofloxacin followed by antibiotic based on the result of culture sensitivity test (QID). Systemic NSAID: Carprofen at a dose rate of 4 mg/kg intramuscularly for 7 days followed by 4 mg/kg orally for 14 days (QD). Systemic antibiotic: Ceftriaxone at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg intramuscularly for 7 days followed antibiotic based on the result of culture sensitivity test (BID). Multivitamin syrup: Syrup A to Z (QD). Drainage of aqueous humor from anterior chamber (as per the requirement of the case).

8. SOCIETAL BENEFITS As mentioned earlier glaucoma is a major cause of blindness in middle-aged dogs and leads to a reduced quality of life. A timely diagnosis and efficient treatment will help improve overall quality of life of the animal and provide ease to the owner.

9. REFERENCES Miller, P. E. (2008). The Glaucomas . In  Elsevier eBooks  (pp. 230-257).  https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-072160561-6.50015-0 Miller, P. E., & Bentley, E. (2015). Clinical signs and diagnosis of the canine primary glaucomas .  ˜the œVeterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice/Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice ,  45 (6), 1183–1212.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.06.006 Pizzirani , S. (2015). Definition, Classification, and pathophysiology of canine glaucoma. ˜the œVeterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice/Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice , 45 (6), 1127–1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.06.002

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