SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF WOOD ADHESIVE USING ICACINA TRICHANTHA STARCH AS BASE BINDER.pptx

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION

1. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF WOOD ADHESIVE USING FALSE YAM (ICACINA TRICHANTHA) STARCH AS BASE BINDER.

2. Outline Introduction Aim and Objectives Statement of Problem Significance of Study Literature Review Review of Related works Materials And Method Results and Discussion Conclusion and Recommendation

3. Introduction Adhesives are one of the most important substances in industries since they're used in the packaging of virtually every product as well as in the construction and furniture industry. An adhesive is a substance capable of forming bonds to each of the two parts when the final object consists of two sections that are bonded together. ( Ebnesajjad , 2008). For an adhesive to be effective, it must be capable of impacting adequate bond between the two materials by principle of resistance to load shear, which implies creep static or time independent deformation under sustained load. Other desired requirements are ease of application, reasonable setting time and resistance to moisture, aging, heat and fungal attack.

4. Aim and Objectives The aim of this research work is to source for alternatives to conventional starch-base adhesive and unveil the latent potentials of starch from underutilized sources such as false yam ( icacina oliviformis ) which are available in our environment, and to characterize the produced. The following objectives was carried out: Extraction of starch from the false yam tubers Formulation of false yam starch pastes using Hydrochloric acid Enhancement of the viscosity and tackiness of the pastes using Sodium tetra borate (borax). Characterization of the adhesives produced from false yam paste.

5. Statement of Problem To create alternative source of starch-based adhesive suitable for wood binder. As the relevance of starch-based adhesives to industry cannot be ignored, the need for source other than corn and cassava has necessitated this research. False yam would be a prime source of natural adhesives considering that it is not readily edible. The study of its physical and chemical properties would lead to the use of starch adhesives obtained from inedible sources.

6. Significance of Study Unlike Corn, Cassava and even potato, False Yam is not edible due to the presence of toxins in the tuber. Thus, this study would be a pointer to the production of starch adhesives obtained from inedible sources. Progress from the results and recommendation of this research could become a pointer to enhanced local content production and increased utilization of our natural resources.

7. Literature Review Starch-based adhesives are produced from organic sources e.g. vegetable starch from plants. Majority of starch adhesives are produced from corn and potato. The first written evidence on adhesive usage was appeared around 200 B.C , where they showed a simple procedure of making and using animal glue (Nicholson et al., 1991). Adhesive industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world with an estimated annual usage of 20.2 million metric tons at a value of $64 billion. The projected global demand for adhesives and sealants are expected to rise at steady 4.5% until 2019 ( Freedonia Group, 2016).

8. Literature Review Cont’d A Starch Adhesive (Source: Agricultural Research Magazine ) An adhesive can be defined by the American Society for testing and Materials (ASTM) as a substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment ( Opara et al, 2017).

9. Literature Review Cont’d False yam is a shrubby perennial, small and drought-resistant plant which sends up erect leafy shoots from a large, underground fleshy tuber. It belongs to the family of Icacinaceae . It is indigenous to West and Central Africa False Yam Starch Tuber (Left) and Leaves (Right) (Source: Weebly )

10. Review of related works Akpa , (2012) Studied the production of starch-based adhesive from cassava root. Improvements in properties of adhesives produced were achieved by investigating the effects of temperature, mass (concentration) of the viscosity enhancer /stabilizer (borax) and gelatinization modifier (acidic, hydrogen chloride acid ( HCl ) and basic sodium hydroxide ( NaOH )) and its concentration on the properties (viscosity, density and pH) of the adhesive produced. Junjun Liu, et al. ,( 2014) Evaluate the use of potato starch in the production of environmentally sound adhesives. ‘Three-formaldehyde glue’ pollutes the environment and harms to human health strongly, which was widely used for wood-based panels preparation. Environment-friendly potato starch adhesives were prepared using method of oxidation-gelatinization, instead of the three-formaldehyde glue.

11. Materials and Method Materials to be used includes: False yam, Hydrochloric acid, Sodium Tetraborate (Borax), Copper Sulfate (Pentahydrate) Methods will include: Harvesting and preparation of false yam for experiment Extraction of Starch from False yam Preparation of Adhesive Materials Measurement of Properties of the Adhesive Materials Carrying out Rheological Studies

12. Results DENSITY (g/cm 3 ) (FALSE YAM STARCH) DENSITY (g/cm 3 ) (POTATO STARCH) TEMPERATURE o C 1.401 1.298 1.225   1.398 1.285 1.22   50 55 60 Table A.2 : Density Values of the Adhesives Produced VISCOSITY (cP*10 3 ) (FALSE YAM STARCH) VISCOSITY (cP*10 3 ) (POTATO STARCH) TEMPERATURE ( o C) 9.993 9.949 9.916   9.982 9.864 9.864   50 55 60   Table A.1 : Viscosity Values of the Adhesives Produced

13. Results pH (FALSE YAM STARCH) pH (POTATO STARCH) TEMPERATURE o C 5.76 5.45 5.84   6.41 6.08 5.77   50 55 60   Table A. 3: pH Values of the Adhesives Produced

14. Effect of temperature on density of the false yam and potato paste

15. Effect of Temperature on Viscosity of the False Yam and Potato Pastes

16. pH Value of False Yam and Potato Pastes at Varied temperatures.

17. Discussion Densities of the false yam and potato pastes decreased with increase in temperature. This can be explained by the increase in volume when temperature increases and, since density is defined as mass per unit volume, an increase in volume would result to a decrease in density. For the pastes produced, density of the false yam pastes was higher than that of the potato pastes as shown in the result above. The viscosity of a fluid is its resistance to flow and as the temperature of the fluid increases its resistance to flow is reduced, hence the viscosities are expected to decrease with temperature ( Akpa , 2012). Accordingly, the apparent viscosity of the blends decreased with increasing temperature although the false yam pastes exhibited a higher viscosity as shown in the slide above.

18. Discussion The pH curves of the false yam and potato pastes at different temperatures all exhibit acidic solution behavior ranging in the range 5 < x > 7 . The pH values for false yam pastes were more acidic than that of potato pastes at three of the temperatures studied, indicating that potato starch paste was more acidic than that of false yam starch as shown above.

19. Conclusion from the above analyzed properties of the both adhesives produced from false yam and potatoe starch, false yam tends to exhibits more favourable characteristics suitable for the production of starch based adhesive.

20. Recommendation With the results gotten from the above analysis, false yam can be recommended for the production of starch base adhesive which is an inedible source of raw materials.

21. Thank You.