SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES USING PLANT AND MICROBES

Nanotechnology
Applications of Nanoparticles
Nano Fabrication
Synthesis of silver nanoparticle
Synthesis of gold nanoparticle
Methods of synthesis
Synthesis using bacteria
Nanoparticles
Green synthesis of nanoparticle
Phytochemical screening

1. SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES USING PLANT AND MICROBES DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY SELF SUPPORTING ASSIGNMENT SABARIDARAN.B (20BMB42) SAMINI.R (20BMB43) SAMITHASRI.S (20BMB044) SANOFAR SHIFNAS.A (20BMB045) SARANIYA.M (20BMB046 )

2. CONTENT NANOTECHNOLOGY NANOPARTICLES METHOD OVERVIEW APPLICATION

3. NANOTECHNOLOGY The science and technology of creating nanoparticles and manufacturing machines which have sizes within the range of nanometers. Nanotechnology involves creating and manipulating organic and inorganic matter at the nanoscale. The present molecular biology technique of genetic modification of crops are forms of nanotechnology.

4. NANOPARTICLES Nanoparticles are materials with overall dimensions in the nanoscale, ie , under 100 nm. In recent years, these materials have emerged as important players in modern medicine, with applications ranging from contrast agents in medical imaging to carriers for gene delivery into individual cells. inorganic-based nanomaterials; carbon-based nanomaterials; organic-based nanomaterials;

5. METHOD OVERVIEW

6. SYNTHESIS USING MICROORGANISMS-BACTERIA Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Bacteria .Bacteria have been most extensively researched for synthesis of nanoparticles because of their fast growth and relative ease of genetic manipulation.

7. METHOD OF SYNTHESIS INTRACELLULAR: Inside the cell, cytoplasm EXTRACELLULAR: Outside the cell on the surface or bottom the cells inside a colony

8. METHOD OF SYNTHESIS INTRACELLULAR Formation of nanoparticles by microbes involves metal capture, enzymatic reduction, and capping. Metal ions are first trapped on the surface or inside of the microbial cells and then reduced to nanoparticles in the presence of enzymes. EXTRACELLULAR Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. Synthesis of AgNPs was indicated by a color change of the reaction mixture to dark brown within 24 h. Stable appearance of dark brown color in the solution confirmed the synthesis of  AgNPs .

9. SYNTHESIS USING MICROORANGANISM - FUNGI Fungi and yeast are very effective secretors of extracellular enzymes and number of species grow fast and therefore culturing and keeping them in the laboratory is very simple. They are able to produce metal nanoparticles and nanostructure via reducing enzyme extracellularly.

10. SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES Turkevich et al. developed a synthetic method for creating AuNPs in 1951 by treating hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4) with citric acid in boiling water, where the citrate acts as both reducing and stabilizing agent . Frens further refined this method by changing the gold-to-citrate ratio to control particle size .This protocol has been widely employed to prepare dilute solutions of moderately stable spherical AuNPs with diameters of 10 to 20 nm, though larger AuNPs (e.g., 100 nm) can also be prepared. These citrate-stabilized AuNPs can undergo irreversible aggregation during functionalization process with thiolate ligands. Several strategies have been developed to conquer this problem including using a surfactant, Tween 20, prior to the modification to prevent aggregation , or using thioctic acid as an intermediate via a two-step functionalization.

11. SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES

12. APPLICATION OF GOLD NANOPARTICLES AuNP Imaging Water remediation AuNP Drug delivery AuNP Cancer therapy AuNP Gene therapy

13. SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES Silver NPs can be synthesized by using a variety of irradiation methods. Laser irradiation of an aqueous solution of silver salt and surfactant can produce silver NPs with a well defined shape and size distribution. Silver nanoparticles ( AgNPs ) are increasingly used in various fields, including medical, food, health care, consumer, and industrial purposes, due to their unique physical and chemical properties. These include optical, electrical, and thermal, high electrical conductivity, and biological properties.

14. DIFFERENT APPROACHES FOR NANOFABRICATION BOTTOM-UP APPROACH 1)Assembling individual atoms and molecules to form nanoparticle, 2)Short Execution Time TOP-DOWN APPROACH 1)Material is fragmented to yield ananoparticle 2)Long Execution Time

15. SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES

16. APPLICATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICALS Anti fugal Anti inflammatory Biosensing Textiles Drug carrier Human health care Cosmetics

17. GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES GREEN CHEMISTRY There is utilization of a set of principles that decreases or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products. GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES: Different type of biological routes such as those involving microorganisms, plants etc. for the synthesis of nanoparticles.

18. PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING Its refers to the extraction, screening and identification of the medicinally active substance found in plants. Some of the bioactive substance that can be derived from plants are flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoid, tannin, antioxidants and phenolic compounds. Color change or precipitation formation is the indication of presence of these phytochemicals.

19. PREPARATION OF PLANT EXTRACT FOR PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING Take fresh plant’ An ethanol extract of sample can be prepared by milling 50 gram of the desired part of plant in an electric blinder. Then mixed paste of plant with 200 ml ethanol in conical flask by shaking it with hand and placed for three days or by mixing it with magnetic stirrer Now filter the ethanoic extract of plant.

20. CONTINUE... Placed the filtrate on rotary evaporator at 60 degree centigrade to remove ethanol. The extract will be concentration by placing it on water bath at 75 degree centigrade. Now the sample is prepared for the phytochemical screening.

21. TEST OF PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING TEST FOR FLAVONOIDS: To one milliliter of the crude stock extract, a few drops of dilute sodium hydroxide was added. An intense yellow color appeared in the plant crude extract, which became colorless on the addition of a few drops of dilute acid which indicates the presence of flavonoids TEST FOR TERPENOIDS: About 0.5g of the plant extract in the separate test tube was taken with 2 ml of chloroform; 5 ml of concentration sulphuric acid was carefully added to form a layer and observed for presence of reddish brown color interface to show positive results for the presence of terpnoid .

22. CONTINUE… TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES; Benedicts solution is used to test for simple carbohydrates, benedicts solution is a blue colored liquid that contains copper ions. When benedicts solution and simple carbohydrates are heated, the solution changes to orange red/brick red. This reaction is caused by the reducing property of simple carbohydrates.

23. PREPARATION OF PLANT EXTRACT FOR SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES. To prepare the plant extract take desired part ( e.g leaves) of plant. Wash it properly with tap water. Now sterilized it by washing 2-3 times with de-ionized water. Dry it now at room temperature. Boil 40 grams of leaves with 200 ml of de-ionized water for 20 mins at 70-80 degree centigrade.

24. CONTINUE… During boiling color of solution change to greenish yellow. Cool the resulting extract at room temperature. After that ,the yellow colored extract must be filtered with whatsmann filter paper no 1. Now cover the filtrate with aluminum foil and stored it in refrigerator for further use.

25. USE OF PLANT EXTRACT IN NANO PARTICLE SYNTHESIS In producing nanoparticles using plant extract, the extract is simply mixed with a solution of the metal salt at room temperature. The reaction is complete within minutes. Nanoparticles of silver, gold and many other metals have been produced this way. The nature of the plants extract, its concentration ,the concentration of the metal salt, the PH, temperature and contact time are known to affect the rate of production of the nanoparticles, their quantity and other characteristics.

26. GREEN SYNTHESIS EASY EFFICIENT ECO-FRIENDLY ELIMINATES USE OF TOXIC CHEMICALS CONSUME LESS ENERGY PRODUCE SAFER PRODUCTS & BY PRODUCTS DOES NOT IMPART ANY HAZARDOUS EFFECT ONENVIORNMENT

27. APPLICATION

28. REFERENCE https://www.slideshare.net/87119722/green-synthesis-of-nanoparticles-133392000 https://www.slideshare.net/udhaykiron/bio-synthesis-of-nano-particles-using-bacteria https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3999464/ https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/4/865/htm https://www.slideshare.net/RajaRajeswariS/synthesis-of-nanoparticles-using-microbes