Synthetic Fibres and what is fibre it's classification

Synthetic Fibres
What is Fibres
Classification of Fibres
Usages of Fibres

1. Synthetic Fibres M. SIVASANKAR MSC CHEMISTRY THIRUVALLUVAR GOVT ARTS COLLEGE RASIPURAM

2. • Fibers are the basic units of all textiles. • Fibers are put together to form a continuous strand, making a yarn. • Yarns are woven or knitted together to make fabrics. What are Fibers?

3. Fibres Natural Fibres Synthetic Fibres Plant Source – Cotton, Jute and Linen • Animal Source – Wool and Silk. Semi Synthetic Fibres – Rayon Fully Synthetic Fibres – Nylon, Polyester, Acrylic.

4. Fibres are Polymer Monomers (Mono = One , Mer = Unit) Single unit of a substance is called a monomer. Polymers (Poly = Many , Mer = Unit) A polymer is a large molecule made up of chains of repeating basic molecular units called monomers.

5. Polymerisation The process of joining together monomers to form a polymer is called Polymerisation

6. Synthetic Fibres are Polymer These are called as synthetic fibers because these are synthesised in the laboratory. Man made Fibres. Artificial Fibres.

7. Synthetic Fibres Synthetic fibres are man-made fibres . Synthetic fibres are made from different chemicals, hence each kind of synthetic fibres have their own properties. Synthetic fibres are more in length and are long lasting. The only limitation in synthetic fibers is that they are poor absorbents of moisture and they catch fire easily.

8. Semi Synthetic Fibre Fibres which are made by using natural material as the starting material but further synthesis is man made. Half natural half man made. Example: • Rayon

9. Rayon First mam made Fibre . Rayon is prepared from cellulose (wood pulp). Though cellulose is a natural polymer it needs extensive chemical treatment to form Rayon.
Hence, it is also considered a semi synthetic fibre .

10. Rayon First Synthetic Fibre Rayon was called artificial silk as it is lusturous .
Rayon fibre has the same comfort property as natural fibres .
Rayon is recognised by the name viscose rayon in the textile industry.
It is cheaper than silk.

11. Rayon properties It is strong and durable.
It is extremely absorbent.
It is soft and comfortable.
It is breathable.
It is easily dyed in vivid colors.
It is abrasion resistant.
It resists insect damage.
It looses 30% to 50% of its strength when wet.
It drapes well and does not have a problem with static.
It wrinkles easily.

12. Rayon- Artificial silk Rayon is similar to cotton as they both contain cellulose but it has a shine like silk.
Thus, it is also known as Artificial Silk. Uses:
1. Rayon is used to make curtains, car upholstery etc.
2. It is used to make carpets.
3. It is used to making surgical dressings.
4. It is used to make reinforced automobiles tyres .

13. Uses Apparel - dresses, jackets, slacks, sport shirts, sportswear, suits, ties. Home Furnishings - Bedspreads, blankets, curtains, sheets, tablecloths. Industrial Uses - Industrial products, medical surgical products, nonwoven products, tire cord.

14. Fully synthetic Fibres Fully synthetic fibre because it was created without any use of natural raw material. Nylon is a first fully synthetic Fibre . Example: •Nylons • Ployesters •Acrylics

15. Nylon First fully synthetic Fibre . Nylon got its name from the cities of New York and London where it was marketed initially.
Nylon is a thermoplastic( that melts on heating). Nylon are synthetic fibres made from petrochemicals.
The nylons are polyamides with recurring amide groups.
They contain carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen elements.

16. Properties 1. Strong (High Tensile Strength) 2. Light weight 3. Moth Resistant 4. Durable and Long Lasting 5. Elasticity and strechability 6. Cleanliness and Washability 7. Lustrous 8. Affinity to Dye

17. Uses Nylon is thermoplastic silky material is strong, elastic, light, lustrous and easy to wash. A nylon thread is, in fact, stronger than a steel wire. Make clothes (including socks)
Make parachutes as well as ropes for rock climbing
Make ropes, toothbrushes, and car seat belts etc.
Make tents, curtains, and sleeping bag

18. Polyester Polyesters are a group of synthetic fibres that have properties similar to nylon.
Some popular polyester fabrics are
1. Terylene 2. Polythene
3. Tetraphthalate 4. Acrylon

19. Properties Resistant to stretching & shrinking
Resistant to most chemicals
Quick Drying
Crisp & resilient when wet or dry
Wrinkle resistant
Mildew resistant
Abrasion resistant
Strong
Easily Washed

20. Uses Polyester fibres are used for manufacturing saree, dress materials, curtains, etc.
It is used for making sails for sailboats.
Polyester is used for making water hoses for firefighting operations.
Polyester is used for making conveyor belts.
Terrycot is used for making shirts, trousers and other dress materials.
Terrywool is used for making suits.

21. Advantages of synthetic fibres Tensile strength: Synthetic fibres are strong so they can take up heavy things easily. Retain their original shape: Synthetic fibres retain their original shape so it’s easy to wash and wear. Elastic: Can easily be stretched out. Soft: Synthetic fibres are generally soft so they are used in clothing materials. Can be dyed in various colours : Varieties of colours are available as they are manufactured. Cost Effective: Clothes made by synthetic fibres are generally cheaper than those made by natural fibres . Do Not Shrink.

22. Disadvantages of synthetic fibres Does not absorb moistures Synthetic fibres do not absorb sweat, trapping heat in our body. Rough feel Synthetic fibres may give rough feel, making it unsuitable for pyjamas , underwear, etc. Catches Fire polymer based fibres will melt on heating and stick to skin.