SYPHILIS & GONORRHOEA

SYPHILIS & GONORRHOEA. MODE OF TRANSMISSION & TREATMENT

1. SYPHILIS & GONORRHEA Presented by; Aiswarya.A.T, First year M.Pharm., Dept. of Pharmacy Practice, Grace College of Pharmacy.

2. SYPHILIS Syphilis is a venereal (sexually-transmitted) bacterial disease caused by Treponema pallidum usually spread by sexual contact. The disease starts as a painless sore (typically on genitals, rectum or mouth).

3. EPIDEMIOLOGY

4. INCUBATION PERIOD: 10 days- 3 weeks (may be upto 3 months) MODE OF TRANSMISSION Sexual intercourse Intimate person-to-person contact Transfusion of infected blood Materno-foetal transmission

5. CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS Primary syphilis Secondary syphilis Latent syphilis Tertiary (late) syphilis - Syphilitic Gumma - Diffuse lesions (cardiovascular syphilis, neurosyphilis ) Congenital syphilis

6. DIAGNOSIS 1. Dark field microscopic examination: Direct fluorescent antibody (test) for T. pallidum (DFA-TP) 2. Serological tests : Nontreponemal tests Venereal Disease Research Laboratory ( VDRL ) slide test rapid plasma reagin (RPR) card test unheated serum reagin (USR) test toluidine red unheated serum test (TRUST).

7. Treponemal tests Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) Other serologic tests T. pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) Microhemagglutination assay for antibodies to T. pallidum (MHA-TP) T. pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA)

8. TREATMENT Primary/ secondary/ latent syphilis Benzathine penicillin G Neurosyphilis Aqueous crystalline penicillin G OR Aqueous procaine penicillin G Congenital syphilis Aqueous crystalline penicillin G OR Procaine penicillin G

9. Penicillin-allergic patients Primary/ secondary / early latent Doxycycline Tetracycline Doxycycline Tetracycline Ceftriaxone Late latent syphilis

10. PREVENTION Avoid recreational drugs Abstain or be monogamous Use a latex condom

11. GONORRHEA Gonorrhoea is highly contagious sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae , which can cause an infection of the urethra, cervix, anus, throat and eyes. Rarely gonorrhoea can infect the bloodstream and cause fever, joint pain and skin lesions. It can infect both males and females. The bacteria are mainly found in discharge from the penis and vaginal fluid from infected men and women.

12. MODE OF TRANSMISSION vaginal or anal sex with an infected partner oral sex (less common) touching parts of the body with fingers any very close physical contact the bacteria can be passed from hand to hand (very rare isolated cases) from a mother to her baby at birth INCUBATION PERIOD 1-14 days

13. Gonorrhea Symptoms in Women strong smelling vaginal discharge-thin & watery/ thick & yellow/green irritation or discharge from the anus abnormal vaginal bleeding possibly some low abdominal or pelvic tenderness pain or a burning sensation when passing urine low abdominal pain sometimes with nausea Gonorrhea Symptoms in Men white, yellow or green thick discharge from the tip of the penis inflammation of the testicles & prostate gland irritation or discharge from the anus urethral itch & pain or burning sensation when passing urine

14. DIAGNOSIS Urine test Swab of affected area

15. TREATMENT Uncomplicated infections of the cervix, urethra, and rectum in adults Ceftriaxone , Cefixime , ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin , levofloxacin Gonococcal infections in pregnancy Ceftriaxone , Cefixime Disseminated gonococcal infection in adults (>45 kg) Ceftriaxone Uncomplicated infections of the cervix, urethra, and rectum in children (<45 kg) Ceftriaxone Gonococcal conjunctivitis in adults Ceftriaxone Ophthalmia neonatorum Ceftriaxone Infants born to mothers with gonococcal infection (prophylaxis) Erythromycin, Tetracycline

16. PREVENTION Practice safer intercourse Complete treatment should be taken Follow-up tests should be done to make sure that treatment has cleared the infection Living conditions should be improved Impart health education

17. THANK YOU!!!!