System concept in MIS

Definition, Types & Characteristics of System

1. Management Information Systems System Concept in MIS Prepared By: Mohammed Jasir PV Asst. Professor NBS, Koratty Contact: 9605 69 32 66

2. System concept Definition, Types & Characteristics of System

3. System Concept Derived from Greek word 'Systema ’ - means an organised relationship among functional units or components Definition :- A system is an orderly grouping of interdependent components linked together according to a plan to achieve a specific objective

4. Definitions A system is a group of interrelated components, with a clearly defined boundary, working toward the attainment of a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process It can be defined as a set of interacting entities with interrelationships / interconnections amongst each other forming an integrated whole A set of components that interact to accomplish goals Systems can be viewed as process models in terms of their inputs, outputs, processing, and feedback/control mechanisms

5. What is a System? A system is… A set of interrelated components With a clearly defined boundary Working together To achieve a common set of objectives By accepting inputs and producing outputs In an organized transformation process

6. System A set of components that work together to achieve a common goal Definition Components Processing Feedback / Control Input Output Boundaries Environment

7. System - Examples NBS Inputs: Students, Faculty, Textbooks Processing mechanisms: Teaching, Research, Service Output: Graduates Goal: Acquisition of knowledge

8. System - Examples Toyota Plant Inputs: raw materials, components Processes: assembly line Output: mini-vans, cars etc Feedback: customer surveys, quality reports

9. Characteristics of A System Have a specific structure Have inputs and outputs Have measures of performance Has an environment Has a purpose A model of reality

10. Elements or components of a system & its role Input - Capturing and assembling Processor - Transformation Outputs - Value to user Controls - Guides the system Feedback - Actual against standard Environment - Super system Boundaries and interface - L imits when interfaces with another

11. Basic Functions Input:- Involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed Processing:- Involves transformation processes that convert input into output Output:- Involves transferring elements that have been produced by a transformation process to their ultimate destination Processing Input Output

12. Types of Systems Closed and Open system Deterministic, Probabilistic and Random systems Human, Machine and Human-machine system Adaptive and Non-adaptive systems Simple and Complex Systems Abstract and Concrete Systems

13. Types of Systems (Contd..) Closed and Open system A system is said to be closed if it does not interact with the environment in which it exists It is in the state of isolation A system is said to be open when it interacts with the environment in which it exists It exchanges inputs and outputs with the environment

14. Deterministic, Probabilistic and Random systems A system is deterministic if its outputs are certain and fully known A probabilistic system is one where the output from the system behaves probabilistically, ie , the output is predictable according to probability values Random systems are completely unpredictable systems Types of Systems (Contd..)

15. Human, Machine and Human-machine system A human system consists of humans as components It is an open system exhibiting probabilistic behavior Eg : Department A machine system is composed entirely of machines and machine subsystems It is deterministic and relatively closed Eg : Fire alarm system. A human-machine system which consist of humans and machines Eg : information system Types of Systems (Contd..)

16. 4. Adaptive and Non-adaptive systems A system is said to be adaptive if it modifies itself with the changes in its environment A non-adaptive system does not react to changes in its environment Types of Systems (Contd..)

17. 5. Simple and Complex Systems A simple system is one in which there are few interrelated entities A complex system is one in which there a lot of components with a lot of interrelations amongst them Types of Systems (Contd..)

18. 6. Abstract and Concrete System An abstract system is an ordered arrangement of concepts It can be procedural or conceptual Concrete systems are systems in which at least two components are objects It can be physical or social systems Types of Systems (Contd..)

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