Systemic clinical Examination of Female Genetelia of cattle.pptx

Systemic clinical Examination of Female Genetelia of cattle.

1. Assignment 01 Systematic Clinical Examination of the Female Genitalia of Cattle Submitted By: Mishkat ullah (01) Tayyaba Mehboob (02) Submitted To: Dr. Zia ur Rehman Semester: 9 th Subject: Reproduction Clinic-III

2. Preparation Gather necessary equipment such as gloves, lubricants, a clean cloth, a light source (flashlight or headlamp), and a palpation sleeve or glove. Ensure a safe and quiet environment to minimize stress on the animal. Approach the animal calmly and gain its trust before initiating the examination. 11/13/2023 2

3. External Examination Begin by visually inspecting the external genitalia for any abnormalities, injuries, or signs of infection. Examine the vulva for any discharge, swelling, or lesions. Assess the perineal area for cleanliness and signs of diarrhea or fecal contamination. 11/13/2023 3

4. Palpation and Internal Examination Put on gloves and apply lubricant to your hand or palpation sleeve. Stand on the animal's left side and gently insert your hand or sleeve into the vagina. Proceed to palpate the reproductive tract, starting with the cervix. Note any abnormalities like inflammation, adhesions, or cysts. Continue palpating through the uterus, feeling for any irregularities, masses, or signs of uterine infections (e.g., uterine discharge, foul smell). Identify the presence of any abnormalities in the ovaries or fallopian tubes. Carefully withdraw your hand or sleeve from the vagina, taking care not to cause any injury. 11/13/2023 4

5. Assessment of Estrus Status (Optional) If assessing the animal's estrus status, note the consistency, color, and odor of any vaginal discharge. Estrus discharge is typically clear, slippery, and elastic. Perform a transrectal examination to assess the size and condition of the ovaries, uterine horns, and the presence of a corpus luteum or follicles. 11/13/2023 5

6. Documentation Document your findings accurately, including any abnormalities, observations, or potential diagnoses. If necessary, collect samples for further analysis, such as vaginal swabs or uterine flushes. Always consult with a veterinarian or experienced professional when performing a clinical examination of cattle genitalia. 11/13/2023 6

7. Biometry of reproductive tract in adult non-pregnant cow Organ Cow Oviduct (length cm) 25 Uterus Type Length of Horn (cm) Length of body (cm) Surface of lining of endometrium Bipartite (having two parts) (35-40) 2-4 70-120Caruncles Cervix Length (cm) Outside (cm) 8-10 3-4 Cervical Lumen Shape 2-5 annular rings Os Uteri Shape Small and protruding Interior Vagina 25-30 Hymen Ill-defined Vestibule 10-12 11/13/2023 7

8. Abnormalities of Female Reproductive tract The female genitalia of cattle can be affected by a variety of diseases and abnormalities. Here is a list of some common conditions: 1. Vaginal Infections: Metritis : Inflammation of the uterus often caused by bacterial infection following calving or injury. Vaginitis : Infection or inflammation of the vagina. Pyometra : Accumulation of pus in the uterus. 11/13/2023 8

9. Abnormalities of Female Reproductive tract 2) Reproductive Organ Abnormalities: Cystic Ovarian Disease : Formation of cysts in the ovaries, causing hormonal imbalance and reproductive dysfunction. Uterine Adhesions : Formation of scar tissue within the uterus, leading to reduced fertility. Uterine Prolapse : Protrusion of the uterus through the vaginal opening, typically occurring after calving. Cervical or Vaginal Prolapse : Protrusion of the cervix or vagina often during or after calving. 11/13/2023 9

10. Abnormalities of Female Reproductive tract 3) Tumors: Ovarian Tumors : Benign or malignant growths in the ovaries. Uterine Tumors : Benign or malignant growths in the uterus. 4) Sexual Transmitted Infections: Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by the parasite. Tritrichomonas foetus , leading to infertility and abortion. Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD): Viral infection affecting the reproductive system and leading to reproductive disorders, including abortion. 11/13/2023 10

11. Technique of Rectal palpation in Large Animal Rectal palpation represents the only practical diagnostic method permitting direct examination of the reproductive organs of females. It is the basic procedure for: 1. Artificial insemination 2. Estrus detection 3. Pregnancy testing 4. Diagnosis and treatment of various reproductive disorders of females. A Veterinarian intending (aim) to conduct rectal palpation, he must be thoroughly familiar with female reproductive tract. However, for a perfect palpation, proper preparation of the worker as well as that of the animal is must. 11/13/2023 11

12. Personal Protection Equipment’s The nails must be properly trimmed so that the rectal mucosa would not be injured. Al sleeve or glove should be used for sanitary as well as for protection. Protective clothing (e. g. dangri ) and gum boots should be used to avoid excessive spoiling of clothes with fecal material. Proper lubrication of the hand is necessary to facilitate easily entry into the rectum. Special attention should be given to this point in mares as the rectum is dry and there is the danger of its rupture. Any nonirritant lubricants may be used for this purpose. Toilet soap and water can also be used for lubrication. 11/13/2023 12

13. Restraining and preparation of the animal Animal must be restrained to avoid accidents or injuries to the animal as well as to the student. For this purpose a side line or a rope or cattle crush can be used. The hind quarter of the animal especially vulvar lips, anus and surrounding area should be thoroughly washed and cleaned." 11/13/2023 13

14. Restraining and preparation of the animal Procedure; Lubricate your left hand properly with the available lubricant. Raise the tail of the animal to one side. A fellow student may be asked to do so. Make your hand into a cone-shaped and insert it into the rectum slowly and gently. Remove the faecal material from the rectum completely as it interferes with the examination. Locate the cervix which firm, cylindrical structure lying on the mid line of the pelvic floor Examine the cervix for approximate size, form and position. If the cervix is freely movable, pull it backward gently. 11/13/2023 14

15. Restraining and preparation of the animal Procedure; Using the cervix as a guide, grasp the body of uterus and put your finger between two horns at the inter-cornual ligament. Grasp the ventral inter cornual ligament and pull it upward and backward so that the uterine horns are within the reach of your hand. Grasp each horn alternately and examine thoroughly from the base to tip for size and content: fluid, pus, fetal parts, fetal membranes or placentomes etc. Try to examine each fallopian tube for size and content.. Locate each ovary, grasp it between your index and middle fingers and examine with the thumb for Graffian follicle, corpus luteum ,cysts or other pathological structures. 11/13/2023 15