Systemic toxic effects

This is systematic toxic effect

1. S Y S T E M I C T O X I C E F F ECT B y Subhrajyoti sahoo

2. I n t roduction T h e i n j u ry c a u sed by the t o x i a n s i s c a l l ed t o x i c e f f ects . T h e d a m a g e s c a u sed b y a t o x i n t h r o u gh o u t t h e b o d y c o n s t i t u t e i s s y s t e m i c t o x i c e ffects . T h e d i s t r i bution o f t o x i c a n t s a n d t o x i c m e t a b o l i t es t h r o ugh out t h e b o d y u l t i mat ely d e t e r mine s t h e s i t e , w h e r e t o x i c i ty o c c u r s . T h e d o s a g e i s t h e m o s t i mportant a n d c r i tical f a c t or i n d etermining t h e t o x i c i ty r e s p o nse i n t h e b o d y .

3. T y p e s A c u t e T o x icity S u b - a c u t e T o x i c i ty C h r o n i c T o x i c ity S u b - c h r o n i c T o x i city

4. A c u te t o x i city T h e a c u t e toxicity refers to the harmful effects produced immediately by a toxic agent by a single exposure to the substance . T h e Toxicity o c c u r s a l m o st i m m e diately i n h o u r s o r d a y s a f t e r a n e x p o sure . A n a c u t e toxicity exposes is usually a single dose or a series of d o s e s received within a 24 hour period . The adverse effect of an acute toxicity should occur within 14 days of the administration of the substance .

5. E x : - in 1989 , 5,000 people died and 30,000 permanently disabled due to exposure to methyl isocyan a t e from an industrial accident in Bhopal India . T h e r e i s s o m e f o l l o wing a c u t e t o x i c a n t s I ) H y d r o g en c y a nide . I I ) N i t r o gen d i oxide III ) H y d r o gen s u l p h i de I v ) A r s e n ic Acute poison enter thr o u g h the body is inhalation , in g e s tion , absorption e t c . . A c u t e t o x i city i s e x p r e ssed i n L D 5 : - L e t h a l d o se 5 L C 5 : - L e t h a l c o n c e n t ration 5

6. T h e l o w e r t h e L D v a l u e , t h e l e s s i t t a k e s t o k i l l 5 % o f t h e p o p u lation a n d t h e i r f o r t h e g r e a t e r a c u t e t o x icity o f t h e c h e m ical . Acute toxicity have a many symptoms some are headache , blindness , dizziness , A s t h m a , p a i n , metal i m p a i r m e n t . T r e a tment l i k e : - E m e r gency s h o w e r s E m e r gency e y e w a s h e s Activated charcoal used to bind and remove har m f u l substance consumed orally E n h a n c e d e x c r e t ion : - p o i s o n c a n b e r e moved b y d i u r e s i s , h e m o d i a l y sis , p e r i t o n e a l d i a l y sis .

7. S u b - a c u t e T o x i c ity To determine toxicity after repeated administration of the test material . Repeated dose toxicity testing using oral administration of a test substance in rodents f o r 28 and 90 days is used to evaluate s u b - a c u t e toxic effect primary effect on various organ system and to establish a no ob s e r v e d effect level . The animals are observed individually a f t e r d o s ing periodically during the 24 hours and D a i ly thereafter for 14 days .

8. C h r o n i c t o x i c i ty It represents c u m u lative damage to specific organ systems and t a k e s many months or years to become a recogni z able clinical disease . Adverse effects associated with chronic toxicity can be directly Lethal but are more commonly sub Lethal including changes in growth , reproduction or behaviour . In chronic toxicity the ill effect are produced after a long time of exposure to toxins it is called delay e d health effect . Chronic effect develop slowly .

9. Chronic effect are produced in two ways namely that is i ) repeated exposure of the toxin i i ) continuous exposure of the toxin There is some chronic toxicants like asbestos , ionizing radiation , heavy metals like mercury , cadmium , lead e t c . Cancer , hearing loss , Kidney Disease , conv u l s ion , alcohol i c s paralysis , damage to brain e t c . a r e chronic disease effect . E x - C i r r h o s i s i n a l c o h o l i c s w h o h a v e i n g e s t e d e t h a n o l f o r s e v eral years . P u l m onary f i b r o sis i n c o a l m i n e r s ( b l a c k l u n g d i s e ase )

10. S u b - C h r o n i c T o x i c ity S u b - c h r o n i c toxicity results from repeated exposure for several weeks o r m o n t hs . This is a common human exposure pattern for some pharmaceuticals and environmental agents . Subchronic toxicity study is available to studies of T C D D have been reviewed by the US E PA 1984 , 1985 and WH O / IPC 1989 . E x - workplace exposure to lead o v e r a period of several weeks can result in anaemia .

11. T h a n k y o u 🙂 🙂 🙂