Tattvarth sutra

1. Essence of
Jainism
-
Tattvartha
Sutra
C 1997 by The Jain Center of Greater Boston., Inc. All rights reserved.
Mini-Presentation
Jain Center of Greater Boston
Version A1.0, November 1998

2. Jain Center of Boston
Yogendra Jain (Coordinator)
Dr. Sanjay Jain
Manish Kasliwal
Parimal Pandya
Archit Shah
Nitin Sogani
Preeti Jain (Graphics)

3. Tattvartha Sutra
Teachings of Mahavira
Scripture to learn All That Is
(Jain Religion, Ethics,
Philosophy)
Written by (Acharya) Umasvati
in the second century
Translated by Dr. Nathmal
Tatia
Accepted by all Jain Sects

4. The Goal of Human Life is
Liberation
Liberation is Perfect
Knowledge, Perfect
Intuition, and Eternal Bliss

All Knowledge is Partial
Truth Except Omniscience
Author’s Assumptions
Liberation
Omniscience

5. The Goal of Human Life is
Liberation
Liberation is Perfect
Knowledge, Perfect
Intuition, and Eternal Bliss

All Knowledge is Partial
Truth Except Omniscience
Author’s Assumptions
Liberation
Omniscience

6. Roots of Tattvartha Sutra
500 BC Mahavira’s Teachings
<< transmitted by his disciples>>
100 AD Written in Sanskrit by Umaswati
1900’s: Several English Translations
1997 : Toronto Jain Convention: First multi-media
presentation by Jain Center of Greater Boston

7. Our Agenda
(Part 1)
Introduction
Who Am I
Enlightened Person
Six Universal Sub.
Knowledge
Anekantvad
Soul’s Link to the
World
<Break>
(Part 2)
Karmic Bondage
Inhibiting and
Wearing off Karma
Vows
14 Gunsthans
Meditation
Liberation
Discussions

8. Essence of Jainism
Non-Violence (Ahimsa)
Strengthens the autonomy of life of every
being
Non-One-
Sideness(Anekantavad)
Strengthens the autonomy of thought of
every individual
Non-Possession (Aparigraha)
Strengthens the interdependence of
all existence

9. Who Am I?
?
Why am I here?
From where did I come?
Where am I going?

10. Who am I ?
I am a symbiosis of physical and
spiritual substances
Why am I here?
I am here to realize who I am
From where did I come?
I come from the past karmic
influences
Where am I going?
I am moving towards liberation

11. Fundamentals of Existence
Beginninglessness
Dynamic Interplay of
Physical and Spiritual
Reality
Cause and Effect
(through Karma)

12. Enlightened
Person

13. Wandering
Souls
TIME A
W
A
R
E
N
E
S
S
The Journey Starts

14. Path to Liberation
(Three Jewels)
Enlightened World-View (Samyak Darshan)
Enlightened Knowledge (Samyak Gyan)
Types of Knowledge
Bhavanas
Enlightened Conduct (Samyak Charitra)
Lay Vows
Holy Vows

15. Wandering
Souls
Karmic Bondage
and Inflow
and
Liberation
Karmic
Shedding
The Vows
Non-
Violence
Purity
of Thought
TIME A
W
A
R
E
N
E
S
S
Path to Liberation
Omniscience

16. Types of Knowledge
KNOWLEDGE
Mediate (Acquired)
Immediate (Innate)
Empirical
Articulate
• Gained through the senses
• Mind’s ability to comprehend
what is sensed
• Conceptualization through
language
(mati)
(shrut)
Clairvoyant
Mind-reading
Omniscient
• Act of seeing the objects
of another’s mind
• Knowledge of all other
substances in all their modes
• Perception of things that are out
of the natural range of senses
(avadhi)
(manahparyaya)
(keval)
(Pratyaksha)(Paroksha)

17. Knowledge : Key To
Omniscience/Liberation
More
Delusion
More
Delusion
More
Enlightened
More
Enlightened
K A R M A S*
Partial Elimination
&
Partial Suppression
K N O W L E D G E
Clairvoyance
Other than omniscience, all other categories are
mixture of knowledge & ignorance
 Omniscience is perfect Innate, pure
enlightenment

18. Six Universal
Substances

19. Substances in the
Universe
Matter
Matter
(pudgal)
Jiva
Jiva
(jiva)
Time
Time
(kal)
Space
Space
(akash)
Medium of
Rest
Medium of
Rest
(adharma)
Medium of
Motion
Medium of
Motion
(dharma)

20. Nature
of
Soul

21. CLASSES OF SOUL
2 CLASSES
Worldly
(Sansarik)
Worldly
(Sansarik)
Liberated
(Siddha)
Liberated
(Siddha)

22. QUALITIES OF SOUL
QUALITIES
Everlasting
Everlasting
Sentience
Sentience
Omniscience
Omniscience

23. STATES OF SOUL
5 STATES
Suppression
Suppression
Elimination
Elimination
Mixing
Mixing
Shedding
Shedding
Purification
Purification
+
+
--
+

24. Bondage of Karma
Bondage is the process by which karma
are attached to the soul
+
+
--
+

25. Seven Tattvas
Jiva (souls)
Ajiva (non-sentient entities)
Inflow - Asrava (inflow of karmic particles to the soul)
Binding - Bandha (binding of karmic part. to the soul)
Stopping - Samvara (stopping the karmic inflow)
Shedding - Nirjara (falling away of karmic particles)
Liberation - Moksh (liberation from worldly bondage)

26. Choice: Circle of Life
or Moksha
Circle of Life
Moksha
and “Death”

27. Reality
and
Anekantavad

28. Approach to Truth
Gateways Of
Investigation
Approved
Means Of
Knowledge
Philosophical
Standpoint
The categories of truth
can be understood with
more precision and
clarity through these 3
ways

29. Jain Perspective
Doctrine of
Non-absolutism
(Anekantavad)
Doctrine of
Non-absolutism
(Anekantavad)
Philosophical
Standpoints
(Nayavad)
Philosophical
Standpoints
(Nayavad)
Sevenfold
Predication
[Sapta-bhanginya]
Sevenfold
Predication
[Sapta-bhanginya]

30. VIEWS OF REALITYVIEWS OF REALITY
Philosophy of Being (substances) and
Philosophy of Becoming (modes) Are
Both Real And Integral
Philosophy Of Being
(Unchanging)
Stresses
Substance
EVER
UNCHANGING
LIKE
THE SUN
(guna)
Philosophy Of Becoming
(Always Changing)
Stresses
Modes
EVER
CHANGING
LIKE THE
WEATHER
(paryaya)

31. The Nature of Reality
Reality = Substance + Quality + Modes
Modes
Water
H O
2

32. Non-One-Sidedness
(Nayavad-Syadvad)
The same reality can be viewed
from different standpoints - Doctrine of “MAY-BE”
water

33. Changelessness Beneath
Changes
SOUL

34. Non-One-SidednessNon-One-Sidedness
(ANEKANTAVAD)(ANEKANTAVAD)
EXISTENCE NON-EXISTENCE
INEXPRESSIBILITY
1
2
3
6
4
5
7
The Seven Fold Predication of the Real

35. Does Truth Exist ?
Anekantvada
- Reduce Ego
- Keep an open mind
Truth Exists
(Time Specific)

36. Inhibiting and
Wearing off
of Karmas

37. Karma’s Inflow
Speech
Action
Thought
+
Karma Inflow

38. Events:
•Troubling thoughts - Inflow (Asrava)
•Mind constantly thinking - Bondage (Bandha)
•Let bygones be bygones - Stoppage (Samvara)
•Practice austerity- Shedding (Nirjara)
Accident on Route to Nirvana
Scenario: A person meeting an accident with a car
Result: Vibration of soul in association with mind and body

39. Types of Karmic Bondage
Knowledge Covering
Intuition Covering
Sensation
Deluding (View, Conduct)
Life Span
Body
Status
Obstructive
D
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
v
e

(
G
h
a
t
i
a
)

K
a
r
m
a
N
o
n
-
D
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
v
e

(
A
g
h
a
t
i
a
)

K
a
r
m
a

40. Karmic Bondage Cycle
Omniscient
+
+
+
Only
Non-Destructive
Karmas
Inhibition and Wearing Off
+
+
Less Intensity
-
++
S
e
l
f
-
R
e
s
t
r
a
i
n
t
-
++
Karmic
Particles
Actions
Mind, Body, Speech-
++
Dormant Karma
Reaction
F
r
u
i
t
i
o
n

O
c
c
u
r
s
++
-
-
++
Strong Intensity
Strong Passions

41. Are Beneficial Karmas
Good?
Give worldly
pleasures
Give worldly
pain
More harmful
karmas
More beneficial
karmas
.

42. 7 Ways to Inhibit and Wear
off Karma
Right Control
12 Reflections
Mind, Body,
Speech
Moving
Carefully
Practicing
Austerities
Right
Conduct
Enduring
Hardships

43. 3. Observing 10 Dharmas
Forgiveness
Straightforwardness
Purity
Truthfulness
Self Restraint
Austerity
Renunciation
Detachment
ContinenceHumility

44. Vows

45. Doors of Inflow of Karmas
5 SENSES
Touch
Taste
Smell
Sight
Hearing
5 INDULGENCES
Causing Injury
Lying
Stealing
Incontinence
Possessiveness
4 PASSIONS
Anger
Pride (Ego)
Deceit
Greed
25 URGES
Evil
Torture
Deceitful
...
Possessive
clinging

46. Control Your Passions
Passions
Passions
Passions
Passions
+/- Karma
Less Karmas
EMOTIONS
EMOTIONS
Anger
Pride
Deceit
Greed
Vows help in minimizing passions

47. Activities to Support Vows
Non-stealing
Celibacy
Truthfulnes
s
Non-Violence
Non-
Possessiveness

48. Not Negation of Life,But
Affirmation of the Eternal
Celebrate life with the ultimate vision

49. Gunasthans

50. Suppresion/Elimination
(Stage: 8,9,10,11)
+
++
--
+
-

51. Omniscience
(Final Stage: 14)

52. Meditation

53. Types of Meditation
AnalyticWhite (Pure)
Mournful Wrathful

54. Meditation

55. Liberation

56. Liberation
Liberation
Omniscience
Knowledge Covering
Intuition Covering
View Deluding
Sensation
Body
Status
Obstructive
Life span

57. The Soul After Liberation
What after Liberation ?
Soul’s separation
Soul’s upward motion
Soul’s arrival at the border of cosmic space
What is the soul’s nature after
liberation
Pure and perfect enlightened world view
Enlightened knowledge
Enlightened intuition