Tatvadarshan and Tatvagya Personalities.pdf
samirsinhparmar
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Nov 13, 2024
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About This Presentation
तत्व दर्शन;
जे. कृ ष्णमूर्ति;
महाप्रभु वल्लभाचार्ि;
अरर्विंद घोष;
दर्ानिंद सरस्वती;
गोस्वामी तुलसीदास;
गु�...
Slide Content
त�व�: भारत के महान �य�ि�व
Dr. Shri. Padmasinh .D. Parmar
DECEMBER 12, 2023
Dr. Shri. Padmasinh .D. Parmar
DECEMBER 12, 2023
लेखक �ववरण
डॉ. �ी प�स �ह डलस �ह परमार
ेवासनवृ� ह-�ा�यापक,
बी.एड. कॉलेज, गोधरा,
प�चमहल, गुजरात,
भारत।
ाभार,
म�पित
ु �ी बालूबेन पी. परमार को,
जज�ह�ने डॉ. पी.डी. परमार को उनके शोधकायि म� हयोग दिया।
डॉ. �ी प�स �ह डलस �ह परमार
ेवासनवृ� ह-�ा�यापक,
बी.एड. कॉलेज, गोधरा,
प�चमहल, गुजरात,
भारत।
ाभार,
म�पित
ु �ी बालूबेन पी. परमार को,
जज�ह�ने डॉ. पी.डी. परमार को उनके शोधकायि म� हयोग दिया।
�ा�कथन
‘त�व� एक ऐ ा पु�तक है, जो भारतीय इसतहा की महान �वभूसतय� के जीवन और िशिन को म�पित है। इ
पु�तक म� उन महान �य�ि�व� की �ेरणािायक गाथा ��तुत की गई है, जज�ह�ने अपने अदितीय �वचार�, कति�य�
और ामाजजक योगिान े भारतीय ��कृ सत और �वचारधारा को मृ� दकया। इनम� �वामी �ववेकान�ि, मह�षि
ियान�ि र�वती, गु� गो�ब�ि स �ह और कई अ�य महापु�ष� के जीवन की �ेरणािायक गाथाए� शासमल ह�। इन
महापु�ष� ने माज को नैसतकता, आ�मबल, और आ�याज�मकता के पथ पर अ� र दकया और अपने �वचार�
े एक नया जागरण उ�प�न दकया।
‘त�व� म� न के वल उनके ज�म और जीवन घटनाओ� का वणिन है, बजकक उनके �वचार� और िशिन का गहन
�व�ेषण भी ��तुत दकया गया है। उनके �य�ि�व, वैचाररक ��ता, और अदितीय ��िकोण का �व�तार े वणिन
दकया गया है, जो हम� �ेरणा और मागििशिन िेते ह�। उनके जीवन का हर पहलू, चाहे वह उनका �घषि हो या उनकी
ाधना, एक मूकयवान बक िेता है और हमारे जीवन को गहरे अथ� म� �भा�वत करता है।
�वामी �ववेकान�ि ने भारतीय ��कृ सत और योग को वैजिक �तर पर �सत�ित दकया। मह�षि ियान�ि ने माज
म� �या� अ�ध�विा और �द�वादिता को चुनौती िी और वेि� के �ान का �चार दकया। वही�, गु� गो�ब�ि स �ह ने
ाह , �याग, और धमि के मागि पर अदडग रहकर माज के ामने एक आिशि ��तुत दकया। इन भी महापु�ष�
का जीवन यह िशािता है दक �चे त�व�ान का उ�े�य के वल आ�मो�नसत ही नही�, बजकक �पूणि माज की
उ�नसत और मानवता की ेवा भी है।
आज के युग म�, जहा� माज म� �म और अज�थरता �या� है, इन महापु�ष� के �वचार हम� एक ज�थरता �िान
कर कते ह� और हम� यह स खा कते ह� दक �चे त�व�ान के �बना कोई भी रा� और �य�ि �गसत नही� कर
कता। त�व� का उ�े�य पाठक� को इन महान �त� के जीवन और �वचार� के मा�यम े एक नई दिशा और
�ेरणा �िान करना है।
यह पु�तक उन लोग� के सलए भी एक अमूकय धरोहर है जो �य, धमि, और �ान के पथ पर चलना चाहते ह� और
जो अपने जीवन को एक उ�चतर उ�े�य की ओर ले जाना चाहते ह�। हम� आशा है दक त�व� पाठक� के �िय
म� �ान की �योसत ��वसलत करेगा और उ�ह� आ�मा�वेषण के मागि पर �ेररत करेगा।
हम पाठक� के �सत अपना आभार �यि करते ह� और �विा करते ह� दक यह पु�तक उनके जीवन म� एक
कारा�मक बिलाव लाएगी।
‘त�व� एक ऐ ा पु�तक है, जो भारतीय इसतहा की महान �वभूसतय� के जीवन और िशिन को म�पित है। इ
पु�तक म� उन महान �य�ि�व� की �ेरणािायक गाथा ��तुत की गई है, जज�ह�ने अपने अदितीय �वचार�, कति�य�
और ामाजजक योगिान े भारतीय ��कृ सत और �वचारधारा को मृ� दकया। इनम� �वामी �ववेकान�ि, मह�षि
ियान�ि र�वती, गु� गो�ब�ि स �ह और कई अ�य महापु�ष� के जीवन की �ेरणािायक गाथाए� शासमल ह�। इन
महापु�ष� ने माज को नैसतकता, आ�मबल, और आ�याज�मकता के पथ पर अ� र दकया और अपने �वचार�
े एक नया जागरण उ�प�न दकया।
‘त�व� म� न के वल उनके ज�म और जीवन घटनाओ� का वणिन है, बजकक उनके �वचार� और िशिन का गहन
�व�ेषण भी ��तुत दकया गया है। उनके �य�ि�व, वैचाररक ��ता, और अदितीय ��िकोण का �व�तार े वणिन
दकया गया है, जो हम� �ेरणा और मागििशिन िेते ह�। उनके जीवन का हर पहलू, चाहे वह उनका �घषि हो या उनकी
ाधना, एक मूकयवान बक िेता है और हमारे जीवन को गहरे अथ� म� �भा�वत करता है।
�वामी �ववेकान�ि ने भारतीय ��कृ सत और योग को वैजिक �तर पर �सत�ित दकया। मह�षि ियान�ि ने माज
म� �या� अ�ध�विा और �द�वादिता को चुनौती िी और वेि� के �ान का �चार दकया। वही�, गु� गो�ब�ि स �ह ने
ाह , �याग, और धमि के मागि पर अदडग रहकर माज के ामने एक आिशि ��तुत दकया। इन भी महापु�ष�
का जीवन यह िशािता है दक �चे त�व�ान का उ�े�य के वल आ�मो�नसत ही नही�, बजकक �पूणि माज की
उ�नसत और मानवता की ेवा भी है।
आज के युग म�, जहा� माज म� �म और अज�थरता �या� है, इन महापु�ष� के �वचार हम� एक ज�थरता �िान
कर कते ह� और हम� यह स खा कते ह� दक �चे त�व�ान के �बना कोई भी रा� और �य�ि �गसत नही� कर
कता। त�व� का उ�े�य पाठक� को इन महान �त� के जीवन और �वचार� के मा�यम े एक नई दिशा और
�ेरणा �िान करना है।
यह पु�तक उन लोग� के सलए भी एक अमूकय धरोहर है जो �य, धमि, और �ान के पथ पर चलना चाहते ह� और
जो अपने जीवन को एक उ�चतर उ�े�य की ओर ले जाना चाहते ह�। हम� आशा है दक त�व� पाठक� के �िय
म� �ान की �योसत ��वसलत करेगा और उ�ह� आ�मा�वेषण के मागि पर �ेररत करेगा।
हम पाठक� के �सत अपना आभार �यि करते ह� और �विा करते ह� दक यह पु�तक उनके जीवन म� एक
कारा�मक बिलाव लाएगी।
त� द�शन
जे. कृ �मू�ति
महा�भु व�भाचा�ि
अर�व�द घोष
द�ान�द सर�ती
गो�ामी तुलसीदास
गु� गो� �द�स�ह
�ामी �ववेकान�द
आ�द श�कराचा�ि
जे. कृ �मू�ति
महा�भु व�भाचा�ि
अर�व�द घोष
द�ान�द सर�ती
गो�ामी तुलसीदास
गु� गो� �द�स�ह
�ामी �ववेकान�द
आ�द श�कराचा�ि
1
v[di>t aYi<t` _vdS<nm` (The Philosophy)
p\Ativni:- ke< shs\i[>vP< p*v< â(Pyi[> ai]r m&(nai[>n[ t_vdS<n pr ghntis[ a¹yyn (kyi.
ke< (c>tki>[k[ mn m[> t_vdS<nk[ bir[ m[> aXin Äyi¼t h].(fr B) v[ si[ct[ h]> (k hm[>
t_vdS<nk[ bir[m[> ghn Xin h]". es p\kir un aXin) (c>tki[ n[ t_vdS<nki[ s>p\diyi[>m[>
bdl (dyi h].ess[ t_vdS<nk[ Av$p ai]r x[#i (Nature and Scope) ki li[p hi[ gyi
h].t_vdS<n k[ Av$p ai]r x[#ik[ bir[ m[> (c>ti krn[vili ki[e< (dKie< d[ti nh)> h].
t_vdS<nn) Äyi²yi:-
{1} g\)k S¾d (fli[s (Philos) and si[(fyi (Sophia) s[ (fls&f) (Philosophy) S¾d bni
h]. (fli[ski aY< d*r>dS)< (Wisdom) ai]r si[(fyiki aY< p\[m (Love) h]. (fls*f)ki aY<
DhipN k[ (lE p\[m (Love for window) h]. ai[ksfD< S¾dki[S (Oxford Dictionary) k[
an&sir (fls&f) (Philosophy) ki aY< Xink) Ki[j (search for knowledge) btiyi h].
(vS[Pt: yhi<> Xink) Ki[j a(AtRvk[ aY<> ai]r Av$p (Nature and meaning of existence)
k[ (lE hi[t) h].
s>AkZtm` BiPim[> Äyi²yi:-
(fls*f)ki S&¹F BiPit>r 't_vdS<n" h], (sf< 'dS<n" nh)> h]. 'dS<n" BiPi>tr
aY<h)n rh[gi. tRvdS<n = tt`+Rv+dS<n
(1) tt`ki aY<:- s*y<m>Dlm[> S&k\, b&F, pZ¸v), m>gl,g&$, n[pµy&n, ¼l&Ti[ ai(d g\h h>].
m>di(kn) (nhi(rkim[> abji[> s*y< h]>.b\Mi>Dm[> abji>[ (nri(hkiE‡ h>]. â(Pai[> ai]r
m&(nai[>n[ en sbki nim 'bh`mn`" rKi h]. s>AkZtm` BiPim[> 'bh`mn`" (l>g h)n Ek
vcn S¾d bniyi h].
(2) t_vki aY<:-'Rv" p\Ryy (Suffix) h]. mitZRv, (ptZRvk) trh 'Rv" Biv yi 'Fm<"
ki vick h]. (ptZRv aYi<t` (ptiki bµci[>k) ai]r p[\m ai]r (ptiki Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} h]. Fm<ki aY< kt<Äy(nOqi h]. miti ai]r (ptiki Äyvhir unk[
Fmi[< oiri (ny>(#it hi[ti h]. b\h`mn` yi b\Mi>D yi (vV miti ai]r (ptik) trf
Äyvhir krti h]. kZpyi Fm<ki[ (r(l¶yn (Religion) yi s>p\diy mt sm(zE.
b\h`mnki[ prm tRv yi prmiRmi yi gi[Dh[D (Godhead) yi svi[<µc S(±t (Supreme
Power) khi jiti h].
v[di>t aYi<t` _vdS<nm` (The Philosophy)
p\Ativni:- ke< shs\i[>vP< p*v< â(Pyi[> ai]r m&(nai[>n[ t_vdS<n pr ghntis[ a¹yyn (kyi.
ke< (c>tki>[k[ mn m[> t_vdS<nk[ bir[ m[> aXin Äyi¼t h].(fr B) v[ si[ct[ h]> (k hm[>
t_vdS<nk[ bir[m[> ghn Xin h]". es p\kir un aXin) (c>tki[ n[ t_vdS<nki[ s>p\diyi[>m[>
bdl (dyi h].ess[ t_vdS<nk[ Av$p ai]r x[#i (Nature and Scope) ki li[p hi[ gyi
h].t_vdS<n k[ Av$p ai]r x[#ik[ bir[ m[> (c>ti krn[vili ki[e< (dKie< d[ti nh)> h].
t_vdS<nn) Äyi²yi:-
{1} g\)k S¾d (fli[s (Philos) and si[(fyi (Sophia) s[ (fls&f) (Philosophy) S¾d bni
h]. (fli[ski aY< d*r>dS)< (Wisdom) ai]r si[(fyiki aY< p\[m (Love) h]. (fls*f)ki aY<
DhipN k[ (lE p\[m (Love for window) h]. ai[ksfD< S¾dki[S (Oxford Dictionary) k[
an&sir (fls&f) (Philosophy) ki aY< Xink) Ki[j (search for knowledge) btiyi h].
(vS[Pt: yhi<> Xink) Ki[j a(AtRvk[ aY<> ai]r Av$p (Nature and meaning of existence)
k[ (lE hi[t) h].
s>AkZtm` BiPim[> Äyi²yi:-
(fls*f)ki S&¹F BiPit>r 't_vdS<n" h], (sf< 'dS<n" nh)> h]. 'dS<n" BiPi>tr
aY<h)n rh[gi. tRvdS<n = tt`+Rv+dS<n
(1) tt`ki aY<:- s*y<m>Dlm[> S&k\, b&F, pZ¸v), m>gl,g&$, n[pµy&n, ¼l&Ti[ ai(d g\h h>].
m>di(kn) (nhi(rkim[> abji[> s*y< h]>.b\Mi>Dm[> abji>[ (nri(hkiE‡ h>]. â(Pai[> ai]r
m&(nai[>n[ en sbki nim 'bh`mn`" rKi h]. s>AkZtm` BiPim[> 'bh`mn`" (l>g h)n Ek
vcn S¾d bniyi h].
(2) t_vki aY<:-'Rv" p\Ryy (Suffix) h]. mitZRv, (ptZRvk) trh 'Rv" Biv yi 'Fm<"
ki vick h]. (ptZRv aYi<t` (ptiki bµci[>k) ai]r p[\m ai]r (ptiki Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} h]. Fm<ki aY< kt<Äy(nOqi h]. miti ai]r (ptiki Äyvhir unk[
Fmi[< oiri (ny>(#it hi[ti h]. b\h`mn` yi b\Mi>D yi (vV miti ai]r (ptik) trf
Äyvhir krti h]. kZpyi Fm<ki[ (r(l¶yn (Religion) yi s>p\diy mt sm(zE.
b\h`mnki[ prm tRv yi prmiRmi yi gi[Dh[D (Godhead) yi svi[<µc S(±t (Supreme
Power) khi jiti h].
2
(3) ØS`ki aY<:- d[Kni, k) ai[r d[Kni, (nr)xN krni, dS<n krni, ¹yin s[ d[Kni,
d[Kkr jig\t bnni, k) pr ¹yins[ d[Kni, ¹yin krni, d[Kkr (nN<y krni,
p\Ryx krni, k) trh d[Kni, (mlni, mns[ jig\t bnni, a¹yyn krni, jinni,
smzni, (nr)xN krni, Ki[jni, s>Si[Fn krni, pr)xN krni, a>t: ¹yin krni.
(4) dS<y ki aY<:- jb t_vdS)< upd[S d[ti h] tb 'dS<>y" (k\yipdki upyi[g krti
h].
(ks)ki[ btini, (dKini, k) ai[r (nd<[S krni, p\miN d[ni, p\yi[g (dKini,
p\dS<n krni, (dKie< d[ E[si krni, p\At&t krni {ºyiyily m[> krt[ h]> E[si p\miN$p m[>
smzini,}
t_vdS)< mi#i ai]r mi#i Fm< aYi<t` kt<Äy (nOqiki upd[S d[ti h]. unki Ek
h) uÑ[Æy hi[ti h], yh h] –b\h`mn` yi (vVk[ s>dB< m[> (c>tki>[ki[ Fmi[<pd[S krni.
t_vdS<nki B) yh) ud[`Æy h]- a(AtRv k[ aY< ai]r Xink[ (lE ki]n s[ Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} hi[n[ ci(hE. eski upd[S t_vdS<n oiri (dyi jiti h].
t_vdS<nk) anºyti:-
t_vdS<n aYi<t` t_vdS<n. t_vdS<nki ki[e< (vS[PN nh)> h]. t_vdS<nki aY<
t_vdS<n h) h]. k&C piáiRy (c>tki[>n[ aidS<vid, viAtvvid, p\yi[gvid, p\kZ(tvid,
a(AtRvvid, p&nrircnivid, ai(d an[k vid t_vdS<nk[ $pm[> p\At&t (kE h]>. y[ sB)
vid (sf< (vcir FiriE‡ (Idologies) h]>; (kºt& t_vdS<n nh)> h]. y[ sB) (vcirFiriE‡
t_vdS<nki Ek a>S h]>.
t_vdS<n ki Av$p:-
piV\iRy (vcirki[>n[ t_vdS<nk[ Av$pki[ (nÀn (vBigi[> m[ bi<>Ti h].
1. sRyki Av$p (Nature of Reality)
(i) ai(FBi](tkti (Metaphysics)
(ii) mins SiA#i (Psycology)
(iii) a(AtRv SiA#i (Ontology)
(3) ØS`ki aY<:- d[Kni, k) ai[r d[Kni, (nr)xN krni, dS<n krni, ¹yin s[ d[Kni,
d[Kkr jig\t bnni, k) pr ¹yins[ d[Kni, ¹yin krni, d[Kkr (nN<y krni,
p\Ryx krni, k) trh d[Kni, (mlni, mns[ jig\t bnni, a¹yyn krni, jinni,
smzni, (nr)xN krni, Ki[jni, s>Si[Fn krni, pr)xN krni, a>t: ¹yin krni.
(4) dS<y ki aY<:- jb t_vdS)< upd[S d[ti h] tb 'dS<>y" (k\yipdki upyi[g krti
h].
(ks)ki[ btini, (dKini, k) ai[r (nd<[S krni, p\miN d[ni, p\yi[g (dKini,
p\dS<n krni, (dKie< d[ E[si krni, p\At&t krni {ºyiyily m[> krt[ h]> E[si p\miN$p m[>
smzini,}
t_vdS)< mi#i ai]r mi#i Fm< aYi<t` kt<Äy (nOqiki upd[S d[ti h]. unki Ek
h) uÑ[Æy hi[ti h], yh h] –b\h`mn` yi (vVk[ s>dB< m[> (c>tki>[ki[ Fmi[<pd[S krni.
t_vdS<nki B) yh) ud[`Æy h]- a(AtRv k[ aY< ai]r Xink[ (lE ki]n s[ Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} hi[n[ ci(hE. eski upd[S t_vdS<n oiri (dyi jiti h].
t_vdS<nk) anºyti:-
t_vdS<n aYi<t` t_vdS<n. t_vdS<nki ki[e< (vS[PN nh)> h]. t_vdS<nki aY<
t_vdS<n h) h]. k&C piáiRy (c>tki[>n[ aidS<vid, viAtvvid, p\yi[gvid, p\kZ(tvid,
a(AtRvvid, p&nrircnivid, ai(d an[k vid t_vdS<nk[ $pm[> p\At&t (kE h]>. y[ sB)
vid (sf< (vcir FiriE‡ (Idologies) h]>; (kºt& t_vdS<n nh)> h]. y[ sB) (vcirFiriE‡
t_vdS<nki Ek a>S h]>.
t_vdS<n ki Av$p:-
piV\iRy (vcirki[>n[ t_vdS<nk[ Av$pki[ (nÀn (vBigi[> m[ bi<>Ti h].
1. sRyki Av$p (Nature of Reality)
(i) ai(FBi](tkti (Metaphysics)
(ii) mins SiA#i (Psycology)
(iii) a(AtRv SiA#i (Ontology)
3
2. Xinki Av$p (Nature of Knowledge)
(i) Xink[ A#ii[t, Av$p ai]r myi<diai>[ki SiA#i (Epistemology)
(ii) aiRmin&B&(t (Self – realization)
(ii) a>t:an&B&(t (intution)
(iv) an&s>Fin p\y&(±tyi‡ (research techniques)
3. n)(tyi‡, Fmi[‡ {kt<Äy(nOqiai[>} ki Av$p (Nature of Values)
(i) aicirSiA#i (Ethics)
(ii) si]>dy‡SiA#i (Aesthetics)
4. tk<ki Av$p:- (Nature of Reasoning)
(i) tk< (Logic)
(ii) p*v< aiFir (Postulate)
t_vdS<n yi v[di>t k[ an&sir t_vdS<nki Av$p (nÀn tr)k[ s[ (kyi jiti h].
v[di>t t_vdS<nki d*sri nim h]. v[di>t Fm<piln (observance of divine duties) ki
upd[S d[ti h]. eski aY< yh h] (k t_vdS<n yi v[di>t k[ an&sir hr[k Äy(±tki[
Fmi>[<. {kt<Äy(nOqiai[>} ki piln krni ci(hE.
1. v[di>t k[ an&sir sRy vh) h] (js m[> Äy(±t k[ (vcir ai]r Äyvhir Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} k[ an&$p hi[ ji[ b\h`mn yi (vVk) Bivniai[> ai]r p\(k\yiai[
{Fmi[<} k[ s>dB< m[> hi[>.
2. b\h`mn` yi (vVk) Bivni ai]r p\(k\yiki[ hi(n n ph<>&c[ E[si Äyvhir krni Fm< yi
kt<Äy(nOqi h]. eski[ ri¶jntih) khi ji skti h]. Xin vh) h] ji[ b\h`mn`k)
Bivni ai]r p\(k\yik) s>Si[Fn oiri jinkir) p\i¼t k) hi[.
3. tk< SiA#i, p*v< aiFir tki<n&min (nÀn tr)k[ an&sir hi[ni ci(hE.
(1) b\h`n`ki a(AtRv rhni ci(hE. (2) bh`n`ki[ hi(n n hi[ni ci(hE. (3) bh`n` yi
(vVk) p\(k\yi ai]r Bivniai[> k[ s>dB< m[> Fm<my Äyvhir SiVt rhni
ci(hE. vh) sµci tki<n&min (Reasoning) yi p*v<aiGir (Postulate) h].
2. Xinki Av$p (Nature of Knowledge)
(i) Xink[ A#ii[t, Av$p ai]r myi<diai>[ki SiA#i (Epistemology)
(ii) aiRmin&B&(t (Self – realization)
(ii) a>t:an&B&(t (intution)
(iv) an&s>Fin p\y&(±tyi‡ (research techniques)
3. n)(tyi‡, Fmi[‡ {kt<Äy(nOqiai[>} ki Av$p (Nature of Values)
(i) aicirSiA#i (Ethics)
(ii) si]>dy‡SiA#i (Aesthetics)
4. tk<ki Av$p:- (Nature of Reasoning)
(i) tk< (Logic)
(ii) p*v< aiFir (Postulate)
t_vdS<n yi v[di>t k[ an&sir t_vdS<nki Av$p (nÀn tr)k[ s[ (kyi jiti h].
v[di>t t_vdS<nki d*sri nim h]. v[di>t Fm<piln (observance of divine duties) ki
upd[S d[ti h]. eski aY< yh h] (k t_vdS<n yi v[di>t k[ an&sir hr[k Äy(±tki[
Fmi>[<. {kt<Äy(nOqiai[>} ki piln krni ci(hE.
1. v[di>t k[ an&sir sRy vh) h] (js m[> Äy(±t k[ (vcir ai]r Äyvhir Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} k[ an&$p hi[ ji[ b\h`mn yi (vVk) Bivniai[> ai]r p\(k\yiai[
{Fmi[<} k[ s>dB< m[> hi[>.
2. b\h`mn` yi (vVk) Bivni ai]r p\(k\yiki[ hi(n n ph<>&c[ E[si Äyvhir krni Fm< yi
kt<Äy(nOqi h]. eski[ ri¶jntih) khi ji skti h]. Xin vh) h] ji[ b\h`mn`k)
Bivni ai]r p\(k\yik) s>Si[Fn oiri jinkir) p\i¼t k) hi[.
3. tk< SiA#i, p*v< aiFir tki<n&min (nÀn tr)k[ an&sir hi[ni ci(hE.
(1) b\h`n`ki a(AtRv rhni ci(hE. (2) bh`n`ki[ hi(n n hi[ni ci(hE. (3) bh`n` yi
(vVk) p\(k\yi ai]r Bivniai[> k[ s>dB< m[> Fm<my Äyvhir SiVt rhni
ci(hE. vh) sµci tki<n&min (Reasoning) yi p*v<aiGir (Postulate) h].
4
t_vdS<n k[ x[#i:-
Xin k[ sB) x[#ii[ m[> Di<±Tr ai[f (fls*f) (Doctor of Philosophy) upi(F d)
jit) h]. yh btiti h] (k hr s>Si[Fn kiy< yi mhi(nb>F t_vdS<nki Av$p h].
t_vdS<n Xink[ sB) x[#ii[> pr Äyi¼t h].
Xink) SKiE‡:-
(2) p\ikZ(tk SiA#i
(i) pdiY<(vXin (ii) rsiyN SiA#i (iii) j)v(vXin
(3) minv SiA#i {minv k]s[ si[cti h] eski p\(t(b>b minv SiA#im[> hi[ti h]}
(i) BiPiE‡, si(hRy (ii) e(this (iii) t_vdS<n
(4) smij (vXin {minv k]s[ Äyvhir krti h] eski p\(t(b>b smij (vXini[ m[>
pDti h].}
(i) mins SiA#i (ii) aY<SiA#i (iii) smij SiA#i
hr[k x[#ik[ (vFivicAp(t upi(F (Ph. D. Degree) k[ mhi(nb>F ji[ b\M`nk[
Av$pki p\(t(b>b hi[t[ h]> unki Av)kir krni ci(hE. y(d mhi(nb>F b\M`n` yi
(vVk[ Av$pki p\(t(b>b nh)> hi[ti ti[ uski Av)kir n krni ci(hE. ji[ mhi(nb>F
(vVk[ s>dB<m[> nh)> hi[t[ v[ aXin f]lit[ h]>. es p\kir v[ (vVm[> hi(n$p h>].
t_vdS<nki xy:-
v[di[k[ ud`Bv kilm[> â(Pai[> ai]r m&(nai[>n[ t_vdS<n k[ bir[ m[> apn[ Ñ(OTki[Nki[
a(BÄy±t (kyi. aiy<, Wv)D ai]r an&s*(ct jnji(t {ai(dvis)} nZv>Si[ pr
(ny>#iN t_vdS<n oiri hi[ti Yi.
1. aiy< ai]r Wv)D nZv>Si[ki s>(m~N (fusion)
simi(jk khivt h]: (ks) Äy(±tk) pRn) y(d a>F~¹Fil&, km<ki>D) ai]r apn[
p(tk[ p\(t kt<Äy(nOq nh)> hi[t) tb us Äy(±tki j)vn, k&T&>b ai]r smij p\(t
(dn, p\(t vP<, p\(t sd), ai]r p\(t shA#i nOT hi[ jiti h]. Birt vP<m[> E[s[ n[tZRvk)
aivÆykti h] ji[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tki[ k\mS: hi[ rh[ uºm*ln pr ri[k lgi sk[ ai]r p&n:
v[di>t s>AkZ(t (Vedant Culture) ai]r (s>F&GiT) s¿ytik) (Singaghati Civilization) k)
p&n: p\(tOqi kr Sk[. aiF&(nk y&gm[> B) Wv)D pRn) a>g\[j) BiPi k[ p\(t p\[m rKt)
h] ai]r a>g[\j) BiPiki p\yi[g bi[ln[m[> krt) h]. vh Birt) BiPi {(hºd) BiPi} ki
(trAkir krt) h]. aiy< p(t apn) pRn)ki[ K&S rKn[ k[ (lE ji[ (k vh a>g[\j)
t_vdS<n k[ x[#i:-
Xin k[ sB) x[#ii[ m[> Di<±Tr ai[f (fls*f) (Doctor of Philosophy) upi(F d)
jit) h]. yh btiti h] (k hr s>Si[Fn kiy< yi mhi(nb>F t_vdS<nki Av$p h].
t_vdS<n Xink[ sB) x[#ii[> pr Äyi¼t h].
Xink) SKiE‡:-
(2) p\ikZ(tk SiA#i
(i) pdiY<(vXin (ii) rsiyN SiA#i (iii) j)v(vXin
(3) minv SiA#i {minv k]s[ si[cti h] eski p\(t(b>b minv SiA#im[> hi[ti h]}
(i) BiPiE‡, si(hRy (ii) e(this (iii) t_vdS<n
(4) smij (vXin {minv k]s[ Äyvhir krti h] eski p\(t(b>b smij (vXini[ m[>
pDti h].}
(i) mins SiA#i (ii) aY<SiA#i (iii) smij SiA#i
hr[k x[#ik[ (vFivicAp(t upi(F (Ph. D. Degree) k[ mhi(nb>F ji[ b\M`nk[
Av$pki p\(t(b>b hi[t[ h]> unki Av)kir krni ci(hE. y(d mhi(nb>F b\M`n` yi
(vVk[ Av$pki p\(t(b>b nh)> hi[ti ti[ uski Av)kir n krni ci(hE. ji[ mhi(nb>F
(vVk[ s>dB<m[> nh)> hi[t[ v[ aXin f]lit[ h]>. es p\kir v[ (vVm[> hi(n$p h>].
t_vdS<nki xy:-
v[di[k[ ud`Bv kilm[> â(Pai[> ai]r m&(nai[>n[ t_vdS<n k[ bir[ m[> apn[ Ñ(OTki[Nki[
a(BÄy±t (kyi. aiy<, Wv)D ai]r an&s*(ct jnji(t {ai(dvis)} nZv>Si[ pr
(ny>#iN t_vdS<n oiri hi[ti Yi.
1. aiy< ai]r Wv)D nZv>Si[ki s>(m~N (fusion)
simi(jk khivt h]: (ks) Äy(±tk) pRn) y(d a>F~¹Fil&, km<ki>D) ai]r apn[
p(tk[ p\(t kt<Äy(nOq nh)> hi[t) tb us Äy(±tki j)vn, k&T&>b ai]r smij p\(t
(dn, p\(t vP<, p\(t sd), ai]r p\(t shA#i nOT hi[ jiti h]. Birt vP<m[> E[s[ n[tZRvk)
aivÆykti h] ji[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tki[ k\mS: hi[ rh[ uºm*ln pr ri[k lgi sk[ ai]r p&n:
v[di>t s>AkZ(t (Vedant Culture) ai]r (s>F&GiT) s¿ytik) (Singaghati Civilization) k)
p&n: p\(tOqi kr Sk[. aiF&(nk y&gm[> B) Wv)D pRn) a>g\[j) BiPi k[ p\(t p\[m rKt)
h] ai]r a>g[\j) BiPiki p\yi[g bi[ln[m[> krt) h]. vh Birt) BiPi {(hºd) BiPi} ki
(trAkir krt) h]. aiy< p(t apn) pRn)ki[ K&S rKn[ k[ (lE ji[ (k vh a>g[\j)
5
BiPi bi[lni nh)> cihti (frB) a>g\[j) BiPi bi[lti h]. esk[ kirN a>g\[j) k[
pr>prigt p&Atki[> k) pQie< hi[ rh) h]. a>g\[j) p&Atki[>k[ a¹yyn s[ (vd[S) (c>tki[ k[
(vcir sRy h] E[si vid (Xenocentrism) ki BirtvP< m[> p\Biv bQ rhi h]. esk[
kirN p\(t(dn t_vdS<nki uºm*ln (Eradication of Philosophy) hi[ rhi h].
mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Ûk[ smym[> p&n: jigrN:- si(h(Ryk vN<n:- aiy<
p(tk[ k&T&>b ai]r smijm[> Wv)D pRn) k) a>F~¹Fiai[>, km<ki>Di>[, p\i(Nb(ldini[>ki
p\cln hi[n[ lgi. sv<#i km<ki>D, a>F~¹Fiai[>, yXi[>m[ p\i(Nbl)din ai(dk) vZ(Û
h&e<. un p(t-pRn)k[ di[ p&#i mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tmb&¹Fki jºm e<‘s‘p*v< 600
vP<m[> h&ai. aiyi<vt<k) ñdyki[ (vhvl krn[ vil) p(r(AY(tki[ d[Kkr mhiv)r
Avim) ai]r gi]tmb&¹Fk[ ñdy Äy(Yt hi[ gE. uºhi[>n[ s>AkZtm` BiPim[> (l(K) ge<
p&Atki[>k) jgh pi(l ai]r p\ikZtm[> p&Atki[>ki l[Kn p\id[(Sk BiPiai[>m[> (kyi.
~)md` Bgvd`g)ti m[> ~)kZON k[ kYn h] (k ''jb jb aFm< {kt<Äyh)nti} bQ
jiti h] tb tb m[> Fm< {kt<Äy(nOqi} k) AYipnik[ (lE avtir {(vON&ki
$p}FirN k$>gi."" m[r[ mt s[ mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tmb&Û (vON&k[ y&givtir Y[.
ai(d S>kriciy<n[ gi]tmb&Ûki[ (vON&ki ni]vi‡ avtir Gi[(Pt (kyi h]. di[ni[> us
y&gk[ â(P Y[. â(Pk) Äyi²yi: âPy: sRy vcs` aYi<t` â(P h>m[Si sRy viN)
bi[lt[ h]> aYi<t` Fm< {kt<Äy(nOqi} ki upd[S d[t[ h]. gi]tm b&Ûn[ t)nm>#i (dE unm[>
s[ Ek h]- FÀm> SrN> gµCi(m. aYi<t` m[> Fm< {ky<Äy(nOqi} k[ SrNm[> jiti h*‡.
aYi<t` m]> smij oiri ji[ kt<Äy (n(V\t (kE h]> unki ~Ûip*v<k piln k$>gi.
mhiv)r Avim)n[ 'a(h>si prmi[ Fm<:"" ki s*#i (dyi.
Fm<ki[ (r(l¶yn (Religion) khkr us S¾dki d&$pyi[g hi[ rhi h]. Fm< mi#i
Fm< h) h]. 'Fm<" ki sminiY)< S¾d (vVk) (ks) BiPim[> nh)> h]. Fm<ki aY<
kt<Äy(nOqi h]. Fm<ki a>g\[j) BiPim[> BiPi>tr Fm< (Dharma) h) h]. s>(x¼tm[> es
(vVm[> b\h`mn` k[ p\(t hmiri ji[ kt<Äy h] vh 'Fm<" h].
mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Ün[ mi#i t_vdS<nki (Philosophy) upd[S (dyi.
t_vdS<n Ek h) h]. t_vdS<nki bh&vcn $p nh)> h] yi eski (vS[PN nh)> h].
j]n t_vdS<n ai]r bi]Ü t_vdS<n nh)> h]. v[ mi#i t_vdS<n h) h]. y(d v[ (Bºn h]
tb v[ mi#i (vcir FiriE‡ (Ideologies) h) h]>. mhiv)r Avim)ki Fmi[<pd[S 'aigmi["
BiPi bi[lni nh)> cihti (frB) a>g\[j) BiPi bi[lti h]. esk[ kirN a>g\[j) k[
pr>prigt p&Atki[> k) pQie< hi[ rh) h]. a>g\[j) p&Atki[>k[ a¹yyn s[ (vd[S) (c>tki[ k[
(vcir sRy h] E[si vid (Xenocentrism) ki BirtvP< m[> p\Biv bQ rhi h]. esk[
kirN p\(t(dn t_vdS<nki uºm*ln (Eradication of Philosophy) hi[ rhi h].
mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Ûk[ smym[> p&n: jigrN:- si(h(Ryk vN<n:- aiy<
p(tk[ k&T&>b ai]r smijm[> Wv)D pRn) k) a>F~¹Fiai[>, km<ki>Di>[, p\i(Nb(ldini[>ki
p\cln hi[n[ lgi. sv<#i km<ki>D, a>F~¹Fiai[>, yXi[>m[ p\i(Nbl)din ai(dk) vZ(Û
h&e<. un p(t-pRn)k[ di[ p&#i mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tmb&¹Fki jºm e<‘s‘p*v< 600
vP<m[> h&ai. aiyi<vt<k) ñdyki[ (vhvl krn[ vil) p(r(AY(tki[ d[Kkr mhiv)r
Avim) ai]r gi]tmb&¹Fk[ ñdy Äy(Yt hi[ gE. uºhi[>n[ s>AkZtm` BiPim[> (l(K) ge<
p&Atki[>k) jgh pi(l ai]r p\ikZtm[> p&Atki[>ki l[Kn p\id[(Sk BiPiai[>m[> (kyi.
~)md` Bgvd`g)ti m[> ~)kZON k[ kYn h] (k ''jb jb aFm< {kt<Äyh)nti} bQ
jiti h] tb tb m[> Fm< {kt<Äy(nOqi} k) AYipnik[ (lE avtir {(vON&ki
$p}FirN k$>gi."" m[r[ mt s[ mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tmb&Û (vON&k[ y&givtir Y[.
ai(d S>kriciy<n[ gi]tmb&Ûki[ (vON&ki ni]vi‡ avtir Gi[(Pt (kyi h]. di[ni[> us
y&gk[ â(P Y[. â(Pk) Äyi²yi: âPy: sRy vcs` aYi<t` â(P h>m[Si sRy viN)
bi[lt[ h]> aYi<t` Fm< {kt<Äy(nOqi} ki upd[S d[t[ h]. gi]tm b&Ûn[ t)nm>#i (dE unm[>
s[ Ek h]- FÀm> SrN> gµCi(m. aYi<t` m[> Fm< {ky<Äy(nOqi} k[ SrNm[> jiti h*‡.
aYi<t` m]> smij oiri ji[ kt<Äy (n(V\t (kE h]> unki ~Ûip*v<k piln k$>gi.
mhiv)r Avim)n[ 'a(h>si prmi[ Fm<:"" ki s*#i (dyi.
Fm<ki[ (r(l¶yn (Religion) khkr us S¾dki d&$pyi[g hi[ rhi h]. Fm< mi#i
Fm< h) h]. 'Fm<" ki sminiY)< S¾d (vVk) (ks) BiPim[> nh)> h]. Fm<ki aY<
kt<Äy(nOqi h]. Fm<ki a>g\[j) BiPim[> BiPi>tr Fm< (Dharma) h) h]. s>(x¼tm[> es
(vVm[> b\h`mn` k[ p\(t hmiri ji[ kt<Äy h] vh 'Fm<" h].
mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Ün[ mi#i t_vdS<nki (Philosophy) upd[S (dyi.
t_vdS<n Ek h) h]. t_vdS<nki bh&vcn $p nh)> h] yi eski (vS[PN nh)> h].
j]n t_vdS<n ai]r bi]Ü t_vdS<n nh)> h]. v[ mi#i t_vdS<n h) h]. y(d v[ (Bºn h]
tb v[ mi#i (vcir FiriE‡ (Ideologies) h) h]>. mhiv)r Avim)ki Fmi[<pd[S 'aigmi["
6
nim k[ p&Atk m[> h) h] gi]tm b&Ük[ Fmi[<pd[S '(#i(pTk" nimk p&Atkm[> h) h]. y[
di[ni[> g>\Y p\ikZt nimk d[S) BiPim[> (lK[ gE h]>.
si(h(Ryk vt<n: aiy< p(tk) Wv)D pRn) a(h>sim[> (vVis nh)> krt) Y). usn[
m*(t<k[ aig[ p\i(Nyi[>ki b(ldin d[n[k) ~Ûi p\kT k). es y&gm[> B) p\i(N
b(ldink) a>F~Ûi a(vrt clt) h]. usk[ p&#i ai(d S>kriciy<n[ v[di>t pr BiOy
(lKi. ai(d S>kriciy<n[ 'b\h`mm` sRym` jgt (m¸yi"ki s*#i (dyi. eski aY<
yh h] (k b\h`mn` sRy h] ai]r jgt` niSv>t h]. Fm<piln aYi<t` kt<Äyi[>ki piln
t_vdS<n (Philosophy) h]. Fm<piln ai]r t_vdS<n sminiY)< S¾d h].
mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Ük[ jºmk[ smy t_vdS<n n)cl[ Atr pr Yi.
a>F~ÜiE‡ sv<#i Äyi¼t Y)>. m*(t<p*ji ai]r km<ki>D Äyvhirm[> Y[. p\i(Nai[>ki ai]r
minvi[>ki b(ldin simiºy Yi. uºhi[>n[ a(h>siki upd[S (dyi. (kºt& jb d&Æmn
hmir[ d[S pr aik\mN krti h] tb (h>si aivÆyk h]. ais&r)vZ(tyi‡ oiri hi[ rh[
aRyicirki p\(tri[F (h>si oiri h) hi[ skti h]. yh sRy h]. a(h>si prmi[ Fm<:.
vi±yki Äyivhi(rk aY<GTn n hi[n[ k[ kirN BirtvP< e<‘s‘1992 s[ e<‘s‘1947
A.D. tk 755 vP< prt>#i rhi.
yh prt>#iti smij m[> t_vdS<n k[ aBivk[ kirN h&e<. t_vdS<n k[
aBivk[ kirN pZ¸v)rij ci]hiNk) hir e<‘s‘1192 m[> h&e<.
tRvdS<nk) p\(tOqik[ (lE gi]tm b&Ü ai]r mhiv)r Avim)n[ aiRmi, prmiRmi,
Bgvin, e<Vr, d[v, d[v), ai¹yi(Rmkti, (dÄyti ai(d S¾di[>ki Ryig (kyi.
es(lE AYi(pt (hti[> (Vested Interest) n[ unk[ upd[Ski[ ni(Atk (atheist) dS<n
btiyi. (fr B) gi]tmb&Üki Fmi[<pd[S sir[ E(Syi K>Dm[> f]l gyi.es p\kir
t_vdS<nki p\cir p\sir h&ai.
3. t_vdS<nki s>p\diym[> p(rvt<n:-
t_vdS<n k) p\ic)nti s¿yti (Civilization) (jtn) p\ic)n h] utn) h) h].
uski (v(vF (c>tki[> oiri (v(vF y&gi>[m[> aY<GTn (kyi gyi. t_vdS<nki smy k[
p\vihm[> (vPyvAt&vil) p&Atki[>k[ glt aY<GTnk[ kirN, AYi(pt (hti[> k[ kirN,
(k\yiki>Di>[k[ kirN, a>F~Üiai[>k[ kirN, glt BiPi>tr k[ kirN ai]r an[k aºy
kirNi[>s[ xy hi[ti h]. mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tmb&Ün[ (js t_vdS<nki a¹yipn
nim k[ p&Atk m[> h) h] gi]tm b&Ük[ Fmi[<pd[S '(#i(pTk" nimk p&Atkm[> h) h]. y[
di[ni[> g>\Y p\ikZt nimk d[S) BiPim[> (lK[ gE h]>.
si(h(Ryk vt<n: aiy< p(tk) Wv)D pRn) a(h>sim[> (vVis nh)> krt) Y). usn[
m*(t<k[ aig[ p\i(Nyi[>ki b(ldin d[n[k) ~Ûi p\kT k). es y&gm[> B) p\i(N
b(ldink) a>F~Ûi a(vrt clt) h]. usk[ p&#i ai(d S>kriciy<n[ v[di>t pr BiOy
(lKi. ai(d S>kriciy<n[ 'b\h`mm` sRym` jgt (m¸yi"ki s*#i (dyi. eski aY<
yh h] (k b\h`mn` sRy h] ai]r jgt` niSv>t h]. Fm<piln aYi<t` kt<Äyi[>ki piln
t_vdS<n (Philosophy) h]. Fm<piln ai]r t_vdS<n sminiY)< S¾d h].
mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Ük[ jºmk[ smy t_vdS<n n)cl[ Atr pr Yi.
a>F~ÜiE‡ sv<#i Äyi¼t Y)>. m*(t<p*ji ai]r km<ki>D Äyvhirm[> Y[. p\i(Nai[>ki ai]r
minvi[>ki b(ldin simiºy Yi. uºhi[>n[ a(h>siki upd[S (dyi. (kºt& jb d&Æmn
hmir[ d[S pr aik\mN krti h] tb (h>si aivÆyk h]. ais&r)vZ(tyi‡ oiri hi[ rh[
aRyicirki p\(tri[F (h>si oiri h) hi[ skti h]. yh sRy h]. a(h>si prmi[ Fm<:.
vi±yki Äyivhi(rk aY<GTn n hi[n[ k[ kirN BirtvP< e<‘s‘1992 s[ e<‘s‘1947
A.D. tk 755 vP< prt>#i rhi.
yh prt>#iti smij m[> t_vdS<n k[ aBivk[ kirN h&e<. t_vdS<n k[
aBivk[ kirN pZ¸v)rij ci]hiNk) hir e<‘s‘1192 m[> h&e<.
tRvdS<nk) p\(tOqik[ (lE gi]tm b&Ü ai]r mhiv)r Avim)n[ aiRmi, prmiRmi,
Bgvin, e<Vr, d[v, d[v), ai¹yi(Rmkti, (dÄyti ai(d S¾di[>ki Ryig (kyi.
es(lE AYi(pt (hti[> (Vested Interest) n[ unk[ upd[Ski[ ni(Atk (atheist) dS<n
btiyi. (fr B) gi]tmb&Üki Fmi[<pd[S sir[ E(Syi K>Dm[> f]l gyi.es p\kir
t_vdS<nki p\cir p\sir h&ai.
3. t_vdS<nki s>p\diym[> p(rvt<n:-
t_vdS<n k) p\ic)nti s¿yti (Civilization) (jtn) p\ic)n h] utn) h) h].
uski (v(vF (c>tki[> oiri (v(vF y&gi>[m[> aY<GTn (kyi gyi. t_vdS<nki smy k[
p\vihm[> (vPyvAt&vil) p&Atki[>k[ glt aY<GTnk[ kirN, AYi(pt (hti[> k[ kirN,
(k\yiki>Di>[k[ kirN, a>F~Üiai[>k[ kirN, glt BiPi>tr k[ kirN ai]r an[k aºy
kirNi[>s[ xy hi[ti h]. mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tmb&Ün[ (js t_vdS<nki a¹yipn
7
(kyi v[ j]n s>p\diy ai]r bi]¹F s>p\diyk[ $pm[> p(rv(t<t hi[ gE h]>. g&$ninkn[ (js
t_vdS<nki upd[S (dyi vh S)K s>p\diyk[ $pm[> p(rv(t<t hi[ gyi h]. S]v ai]r
Si±t s>p\diy B) h]>. Birt vP<m[> an[k p>Y, p]di hi[ rh[ h]. y[ upy&<±t sB) s>p\diy
p\ir>Bm[> t_vdS<n h) Y[. {t_vdS<n Ek ai]r mi#i Ek h) hi[ti h].}
si>p\di(yk an&yiy) km<ki>D krt[ h]> ai]r a>F~Üiai>[k[ an&$p Äyvhir
krt[ h>]. (kºt& Fmi[<> {kt<Äy(nOqiai[>} k[ p\(t kB) - kB) jig\t rht[ nh)> h].
es(lE smijm[> t_vdS<n (nÀn Atr ph&<c> gyi h].
4. t_vdS<n s>AkZtm` BiPim[> (lKi h&ai h] ai]r aY<GTn B) s>AkZtm` m[>:-
v[d,b\iM`n`, ai²yN, up(nPd`, Fm<SiA#i, AmZ(t,mhiBirt ai]r rimiyN
mhikiÄy, m)mi>sig\>Y ai(d g\>Y s>AkZtm` m[> (lK[ h&E h]>. un pr (T¼p(Nyi‡B)
s>AkZtm` m[> â(P ai]r m&(nai[> oiri k) ge< h]. mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Ün[ p\ikZt
BiPim[> k\mS: aigmi[ ai]r (#i(pTk g\>Y (lK[. unk[ y&gm[> AYi(pt (hti[> (Vested
Interests) n[ km<ki>D pr a(Fk ji[r (dyi ai]r t_vdS<nk) up[xi k).
aXit an&yi(yai[> ai]r AYi(pt (hti[> k[ kirN t_vdS<n s>p\diym[> p(rvt<n
hi[ gyi h]. v[d Äyisk[ b\h`ms*#i, v[di>t yi u_irm)mi>si pr s>AkZtm` BiPim[> BiOy
(lKi. esk[ kirN BirtvP<k) simiºy p\jiki[ t_vdS<nk) p&Atk[> upBi[³y nh)>
rh). (nÀn(l(Kt C m)mi>sig\>Y h>].
k\mi>k â(P /m&(n m)mi>si g\>Yki nim
1 j](m(n p*v< m)mi>si/ Fm<m)mi>si
2 gi]tm ºyiy m)mi>si
3 kNid` v]S[(Pk m)mi>si
4 pt>j(l yi[g m)mi>si
5 k(pl si>²y m)mi>si
6 v[d Äyis b\h`ms*#i, v[di>t, u_irm)mi>si
(kyi v[ j]n s>p\diy ai]r bi]¹F s>p\diyk[ $pm[> p(rv(t<t hi[ gE h]>. g&$ninkn[ (js
t_vdS<nki upd[S (dyi vh S)K s>p\diyk[ $pm[> p(rv(t<t hi[ gyi h]. S]v ai]r
Si±t s>p\diy B) h]>. Birt vP<m[> an[k p>Y, p]di hi[ rh[ h]. y[ upy&<±t sB) s>p\diy
p\ir>Bm[> t_vdS<n h) Y[. {t_vdS<n Ek ai]r mi#i Ek h) hi[ti h].}
si>p\di(yk an&yiy) km<ki>D krt[ h]> ai]r a>F~Üiai>[k[ an&$p Äyvhir
krt[ h>]. (kºt& Fmi[<> {kt<Äy(nOqiai[>} k[ p\(t kB) - kB) jig\t rht[ nh)> h].
es(lE smijm[> t_vdS<n (nÀn Atr ph&<c> gyi h].
4. t_vdS<n s>AkZtm` BiPim[> (lKi h&ai h] ai]r aY<GTn B) s>AkZtm` m[>:-
v[d,b\iM`n`, ai²yN, up(nPd`, Fm<SiA#i, AmZ(t,mhiBirt ai]r rimiyN
mhikiÄy, m)mi>sig\>Y ai(d g\>Y s>AkZtm` m[> (lK[ h&E h]>. un pr (T¼p(Nyi‡B)
s>AkZtm` m[> â(P ai]r m&(nai[> oiri k) ge< h]. mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Ün[ p\ikZt
BiPim[> k\mS: aigmi[ ai]r (#i(pTk g\>Y (lK[. unk[ y&gm[> AYi(pt (hti[> (Vested
Interests) n[ km<ki>D pr a(Fk ji[r (dyi ai]r t_vdS<nk) up[xi k).
aXit an&yi(yai[> ai]r AYi(pt (hti[> k[ kirN t_vdS<n s>p\diym[> p(rvt<n
hi[ gyi h]. v[d Äyisk[ b\h`ms*#i, v[di>t yi u_irm)mi>si pr s>AkZtm` BiPim[> BiOy
(lKi. esk[ kirN BirtvP<k) simiºy p\jiki[ t_vdS<nk) p&Atk[> upBi[³y nh)>
rh). (nÀn(l(Kt C m)mi>sig\>Y h>].
k\mi>k â(P /m&(n m)mi>si g\>Yki nim
1 j](m(n p*v< m)mi>si/ Fm<m)mi>si
2 gi]tm ºyiy m)mi>si
3 kNid` v]S[(Pk m)mi>si
4 pt>j(l yi[g m)mi>si
5 k(pl si>²y m)mi>si
6 v[d Äyis b\h`ms*#i, v[di>t, u_irm)mi>si
8
y[ sB) m)mi>si g\>Y h]> ai]r t_vdS<nki vN<n krt[ h].~)rimki[ â(P v(SOqn[
t_vdS<nki a¹yipn (kyi. es a¹yipnki vN<n yi[gvi(SOqy m[> h] ji[ vt<min
smym[> upl¾F h].
5. ai(d S>kriciy< oiri p&n: jigrN: -
ai(d S>kriciy< k[ smym[> j]n,bi]Û, v]ONv ai]r S]v m&²y sm&diy Y[. en
sm&diyi[>k) (Bºn (vcirFiriE<> Y). ai(d S>kriciy<n[ v[d Äyis k[ v[di>t pr BiOy
{aili[cni} (lKi {(lK)} . en sB) (vcirFiriai[>ki s>(m~N
(Fusion) krn[k[
(lE Ek s*#i b\h`mm` sRy> jgt` (m¸yi.""- bniyi. aYi<t` yh (vV sRy h] ai]r
d&ºyv) jDc[tn nVr h]. unk) aili[cni {1} aY at: b\h`m(jXisi . ai]r {2}
aY at: Fm<(jXisi. vi±yi>Si[>s[ p\ir>B hi[t) h]. aYi<t` hm b\h`m ai]r Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} ki[ jinn[k) eµCi kr[> yi p\yRn kr[>. v[di>t t_vdS<n h) h]. ai(d
S>kriciy<k) mZRy& k[ bid m*(tp*ji yi (Svl)>g p*jiki p\ir>B h&ai . ke<
a>F~Ûiai[>ki ud`Bv h&ai. vt<min smym[> (jski ud`Bv p\ic)n smy m[> h&ai Yi
vh t_vdS<n aÑÆy hi[ gyi h]. snitn Fmi[><> {kt<Äy(nOqiai[>} ki piln h)
t_vdS<n h].
6. sminiY)< S¾di[>ki aXin:-
v[di>t, t_vdS<n ai]r snitn Fm< sminiY)< S¾d h]>. v[di>t aYi<t` v[di[>ki sir
(essence).Fmi[<> {kt<ÄyBivniai[>} ki piln krn[ k[ (lE (jtn) p&Atk[> vN<n
krt) h]> v[ sb v[di>t h]. sB) g\>Yi[>ki s>(x¼t Avr*p p\AYin#iy) h]. ~)md` Bgvd`
g)ti, up(nPd` g\>Y ai]r b\h`ms*#i yi u_irm)mi>si p\AYin#iy) g\>Y kh[ jit[ h>].en
t)n g\>Yi[>ki[ a¹yyn krn[ s[ v[di>t ±yi h] esk[ bir[m[> jinkir) p\i¼t hi[t) h]. aºy
g\>Y t_vdS<nk) a(Fk jinkir) d[t[ h]>. BirtvP< k[ li[g t_vdS<n k[ upd[S[i> k[
an&r*p Fmi[<>ki piln krt[ h]>. es(lE sB) v[di>t) h]>. v[di>tk[ bir[m[> hmiri ji[
y[ sB) m)mi>si g\>Y h]> ai]r t_vdS<nki vN<n krt[ h].~)rimki[ â(P v(SOqn[
t_vdS<nki a¹yipn (kyi. es a¹yipnki vN<n yi[gvi(SOqy m[> h] ji[ vt<min
smym[> upl¾F h].
5. ai(d S>kriciy< oiri p&n: jigrN: -
ai(d S>kriciy< k[ smym[> j]n,bi]Û, v]ONv ai]r S]v m&²y sm&diy Y[. en
sm&diyi[>k) (Bºn (vcirFiriE<> Y). ai(d S>kriciy<n[ v[d Äyis k[ v[di>t pr BiOy
{aili[cni} (lKi {(lK)} . en sB) (vcirFiriai[>ki s>(m~N
(Fusion) krn[k[
(lE Ek s*#i b\h`mm` sRy> jgt` (m¸yi.""- bniyi. aYi<t` yh (vV sRy h] ai]r
d&ºyv) jDc[tn nVr h]. unk) aili[cni {1} aY at: b\h`m(jXisi . ai]r {2}
aY at: Fm<(jXisi. vi±yi>Si[>s[ p\ir>B hi[t) h]. aYi<t` hm b\h`m ai]r Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} ki[ jinn[k) eµCi kr[> yi p\yRn kr[>. v[di>t t_vdS<n h) h]. ai(d
S>kriciy<k) mZRy& k[ bid m*(tp*ji yi (Svl)>g p*jiki p\ir>B h&ai . ke<
a>F~Ûiai[>ki ud`Bv h&ai. vt<min smym[> (jski ud`Bv p\ic)n smy m[> h&ai Yi
vh t_vdS<n aÑÆy hi[ gyi h]. snitn Fmi[><> {kt<Äy(nOqiai[>} ki piln h)
t_vdS<n h].
6. sminiY)< S¾di[>ki aXin:-
v[di>t, t_vdS<n ai]r snitn Fm< sminiY)< S¾d h]>. v[di>t aYi<t` v[di[>ki sir
(essence).Fmi[<> {kt<ÄyBivniai[>} ki piln krn[ k[ (lE (jtn) p&Atk[> vN<n
krt) h]> v[ sb v[di>t h]. sB) g\>Yi[>ki s>(x¼t Avr*p p\AYin#iy) h]. ~)md` Bgvd`
g)ti, up(nPd` g\>Y ai]r b\h`ms*#i yi u_irm)mi>si p\AYin#iy) g\>Y kh[ jit[ h>].en
t)n g\>Yi[>ki[ a¹yyn krn[ s[ v[di>t ±yi h] esk[ bir[m[> jinkir) p\i¼t hi[t) h]. aºy
g\>Y t_vdS<nk) a(Fk jinkir) d[t[ h]>. BirtvP< k[ li[g t_vdS<n k[ upd[S[i> k[
an&r*p Fmi[<>ki piln krt[ h]>. es(lE sB) v[di>t) h]>. v[di>tk[ bir[m[> hmiri ji[
9
aXin h] yh hmir[ (vniS ki kirN bni h&ai h]. aXin hm[> (vniSk) ai[r l[ jiti
h].
7. pi]ri(Nk viti< oiri t_vdS<nk) AYipni ai]r p\id&Bi<v:-
pi]ri(Nk viti<k[ an&sir b\h`min[ 'Fm<" nimk p&@Pki[ p]di (kyi Fm< p&@Pki (vvih
p\jip(tk) kºyi 'dyi" s[ h&ai . unk[ di[ p&#i nr ai[r niryN p]di h&E. 'nr 'ki
aY< sir) minv ji(t {A#i) ai]r p&@P} h]. A#i) p&@P bilk sB) Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} k[ avtir h]. ess[ minvj)vn Fm<my h] yi Fm<ki m*t<r*p h].
Fm<ki aY< (dÄy kt<Äy krn[k) Bivni hi[ti h]. es(lE hr[k minvki[ p(v#i kt<Äy
(nOqip*v<k krn[ ci(hE (kºt& aFm< krni nh)> ci(hE . (vVki[ hi(n ph&<>cini
aFm< h]. mitZFm<, (ptZFm<, p(tFm<, pRn)Fm<, p&#iFm<, nig(rkFm<, ai(d y[ sB)
Fm< SiVt h]> yi snitn h]<>, es(lE t_vdS<n yi v[di>t snitn Fm<ki d*sri nim h].
(vON& niriyNk[ m*t<r*p h]>.~) rim, ~)kZON (vON&k[ avtir h]>. aYi<t` v[
Fm<k[ m*t<r*p h]> yi unki Sr)r mn ai]r Äyvhir Fm<my h]. Fm<ki g&Ni[> ai]r
an&v>Sk[ aiFir pr niriyN, (vON&,~)rim,~)kZON, Fm< {kt<Äy(nOqi} ki m*t<r*p
h].rimiyN m[> ~)rim k[ ai]r mhiBirtm[> ~)kZONk[ Fmi>[< yi kt<Äy Bivniai[>ki[
p\(t(b>b pDti h]. rimiyN ai]r mhiBirtm[> (v(vF pi#ii[ki[> Äyvhir aidS<
kt<Äyi[ki (nr*pN h]. aFm< ±yi h] eski B) vN<n p\i¼t hi[ti h]. aFm< krn[vil[
pi#ii>[kiB) vN<n p\i¼t hi[ti h]> . t_vdS<n Fm<, ai]r aFm<k) Äyi²yi krti h].li[g
mint[ h]> (k ~) rim ai]r ~)kZON Bgvin h]>. y(d hm unk) p*ji kr[>g[, p\iY<ni
kr[>g[ tb v[ hmir[ pr aiS)vi<d d[>g[.~) rim ai]r ~) kZON e<Vr {(Svj)} k[ aig[
km<ki>D kr[g[> tb hmir) smAyi<>ai>[ki hl kr d[>g[. ess[ hmir) t_vdS<n yi
Fm<pilns[ yi kt<Äyi>[s[ ki[e< l[ni d[ni nh)> h]>, E[s) li[gi[>k) ~Ûi h].BirtvP<k[
li[gi>[k) E[s) (vcirFirik[ kirN t_vdS<n yi v[di>t (nÀnAtr pr ph&<>c gyi h].
8. aik\mN (Invasions) :-
{a} p\Ym aik\mN :- pZ¸v)rij ci]hiNk) e<‘ s‘ 1992 m[> m&hÀmd Fi[r)k[ siY
y&Ûm[> hir h&e<. BirtvP< pr m&Almin Sisnki[>n[ apn) s_iiki p\ir>B (kyi . v[
sB) e<Alimk[ an&yiy) Y[ . e<Alim Ek s>p\diy h]. BirtvP< k[ li[g t_vdS<n k[
aXin h] yh hmir[ (vniS ki kirN bni h&ai h]. aXin hm[> (vniSk) ai[r l[ jiti
h].
7. pi]ri(Nk viti< oiri t_vdS<nk) AYipni ai]r p\id&Bi<v:-
pi]ri(Nk viti<k[ an&sir b\h`min[ 'Fm<" nimk p&@Pki[ p]di (kyi Fm< p&@Pki (vvih
p\jip(tk) kºyi 'dyi" s[ h&ai . unk[ di[ p&#i nr ai[r niryN p]di h&E. 'nr 'ki
aY< sir) minv ji(t {A#i) ai]r p&@P} h]. A#i) p&@P bilk sB) Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} k[ avtir h]. ess[ minvj)vn Fm<my h] yi Fm<ki m*t<r*p h].
Fm<ki aY< (dÄy kt<Äy krn[k) Bivni hi[ti h]. es(lE hr[k minvki[ p(v#i kt<Äy
(nOqip*v<k krn[ ci(hE (kºt& aFm< krni nh)> ci(hE . (vVki[ hi(n ph&<>cini
aFm< h]. mitZFm<, (ptZFm<, p(tFm<, pRn)Fm<, p&#iFm<, nig(rkFm<, ai(d y[ sB)
Fm< SiVt h]> yi snitn h]<>, es(lE t_vdS<n yi v[di>t snitn Fm<ki d*sri nim h].
(vON& niriyNk[ m*t<r*p h]>.~) rim, ~)kZON (vON&k[ avtir h]>. aYi<t` v[
Fm<k[ m*t<r*p h]> yi unki Sr)r mn ai]r Äyvhir Fm<my h]. Fm<ki g&Ni[> ai]r
an&v>Sk[ aiFir pr niriyN, (vON&,~)rim,~)kZON, Fm< {kt<Äy(nOqi} ki m*t<r*p
h].rimiyN m[> ~)rim k[ ai]r mhiBirtm[> ~)kZONk[ Fmi>[< yi kt<Äy Bivniai[>ki[
p\(t(b>b pDti h]. rimiyN ai]r mhiBirtm[> (v(vF pi#ii[ki[> Äyvhir aidS<
kt<Äyi[ki (nr*pN h]. aFm< ±yi h] eski B) vN<n p\i¼t hi[ti h]. aFm< krn[vil[
pi#ii>[kiB) vN<n p\i¼t hi[ti h]> . t_vdS<n Fm<, ai]r aFm<k) Äyi²yi krti h].li[g
mint[ h]> (k ~) rim ai]r ~)kZON Bgvin h]>. y(d hm unk) p*ji kr[>g[, p\iY<ni
kr[>g[ tb v[ hmir[ pr aiS)vi<d d[>g[.~) rim ai]r ~) kZON e<Vr {(Svj)} k[ aig[
km<ki>D kr[g[> tb hmir) smAyi<>ai>[ki hl kr d[>g[. ess[ hmir) t_vdS<n yi
Fm<pilns[ yi kt<Äyi>[s[ ki[e< l[ni d[ni nh)> h]>, E[s) li[gi[>k) ~Ûi h].BirtvP<k[
li[gi>[k) E[s) (vcirFirik[ kirN t_vdS<n yi v[di>t (nÀnAtr pr ph&<>c gyi h].
8. aik\mN (Invasions) :-
{a} p\Ym aik\mN :- pZ¸v)rij ci]hiNk) e<‘ s‘ 1992 m[> m&hÀmd Fi[r)k[ siY
y&Ûm[> hir h&e<. BirtvP< pr m&Almin Sisnki[>n[ apn) s_iiki p\ir>B (kyi . v[
sB) e<Alimk[ an&yiy) Y[ . e<Alim Ek s>p\diy h]. BirtvP< k[ li[g t_vdS<n k[
10
(c>tk Y[. t_vdS<n aYi<t` v[di>t yi Fm[<ipd[S ki a¹yipn krn[vil) BirtvP<k)
txS)li, nil>di, vÃlB) ai(d (vwip)qi[>ki niS m&slmin aik\mNs[ h&ai.
eAlim s>p\diyki p\cir – p\sir hi[n[ lgi. t_vdS<nki mh_v k\mS: km hi[n[
lgi .
(ot)y aik\mN: m&Gl bidSihn[ pin)ptk[ m]dinm[> e<‘s‘ 1525 m[> e<b\ih)m li[d) ki[
hriyi . tbs[ m&Gli[>k) s_iiki BirtvP< pr p\ir>B h&ai. m&G&l m¹y E(Syik[
mi>gi[(lyik[ m&slmin h) Y[. akbr n[ d)n –E- elih) s>p\diyki ai(vBi<v
(kyi.(kºt& m&slmin pr>privi(dyi[>n[ uski (vri[F (kyi.
Gitk),bb<r, pr>privid) ai]rg>z[bn[ kiÆm)rk[ p>(Dti>[ki[ eAlim s>p\diyk[
an&yiy) bnn[ki aid[S (dyi. p>(Dti[>n[ ai[r>gz[bs[ (vn(t k) (k y(d S)K g&@
t[gbhid&r eAlim g\hN krt[ h]> tb hm B) eAlimki Av)kir kr m&slmin bn
jiE‡g[. S)K g&@ t[gbhid&rn[ eAlim g\hN krn[ s[ eºkir (kyi tb unki (dÃh)k[
ci>dn) ci[km[> ai]r>gz[bn[ vF (kyi . es GTnis[ BirtvP< m[> aik\mN ai]r
p\(taik\mNki di]r cli. t_vdS<nk[ a¹yipn ki E[s) p(r(AY(tm[> xy h&ai.
{k} tZt)y aik\mN: eAT e(ºDyi k>pn)n[ b>gil k[ (srij- ud- di]lik[ siY
e<‘s‘1757 A.D. m[> y&¹F (kyi ai]r (vjy p\i¼t k)……. m[ki[ul[ nimk a>g\[j
(vwiSiA#i) n[ e<‘s‘
1835 A.D. m[> ny) (vwin)(t ki p\ir>B (kyi.a>g[\j) BiPi
a¹yipn k) BiPi bnn[ ki p\ir>B h&ai.piV\i_y (voini[> ki[ t_vdS<n ki s>p*N< Xin
nh)> Yi. es(lE uºhi[> n[ aidS<vid, viAtvvid, p\yi[gvid, p\kZ(tvid, a(AtRvvid,
p&nrircnivid ai(d vidi[> ki ud`Bv (kyi.y[ sB) vid t_vdS<n nh)> h] (kºt&
(vcirFiriE<> (Idologies) h]>. v[ t_vdS<n ki ai(S>k $p m[> (n$pN krt[
h>].m[ki[ul[ n[ apn) (vwin)(t ki p\ir>B krt[ h&E khi Yi- ''m]> E[s[ Birt)y cihti
h*<> ji[ es (vwin)(t s[ phniv[m[> Birt)y lgt[ hi[> pr (vcir s[ a>g\[j hi[>."" a>g[\j)
mi¹ym k[ piV\iRy (voini[> k) p&Atk[> pQie< jit) h].vt<min smy{e<‘s‘
2011
A.D.
} m[> B) mhi(vwilyi[> m[> ai]r an&Anitk (vBigi[> m[> B) (vd[S) (voini[> k[
(vcir sRy h]> E[s) miºyti
{Xenoceutrism} BirtvP< m[> p]di h&e< h].BirtvP< k[
p\ic)n â(P-m&(nyi[> k) p&Atk[> a¹yipn k[ (lE s>dB< g>\Y k[ $pm[> pQie< jit)
(c>tk Y[. t_vdS<n aYi<t` v[di>t yi Fm[<ipd[S ki a¹yipn krn[vil) BirtvP<k)
txS)li, nil>di, vÃlB) ai(d (vwip)qi[>ki niS m&slmin aik\mNs[ h&ai.
eAlim s>p\diyki p\cir – p\sir hi[n[ lgi. t_vdS<nki mh_v k\mS: km hi[n[
lgi .
(ot)y aik\mN: m&Gl bidSihn[ pin)ptk[ m]dinm[> e<‘s‘ 1525 m[> e<b\ih)m li[d) ki[
hriyi . tbs[ m&Gli[>k) s_iiki BirtvP< pr p\ir>B h&ai. m&G&l m¹y E(Syik[
mi>gi[(lyik[ m&slmin h) Y[. akbr n[ d)n –E- elih) s>p\diyki ai(vBi<v
(kyi.(kºt& m&slmin pr>privi(dyi[>n[ uski (vri[F (kyi.
Gitk),bb<r, pr>privid) ai]rg>z[bn[ kiÆm)rk[ p>(Dti>[ki[ eAlim s>p\diyk[
an&yiy) bnn[ki aid[S (dyi. p>(Dti[>n[ ai[r>gz[bs[ (vn(t k) (k y(d S)K g&@
t[gbhid&r eAlim g\hN krt[ h]> tb hm B) eAlimki Av)kir kr m&slmin bn
jiE‡g[. S)K g&@ t[gbhid&rn[ eAlim g\hN krn[ s[ eºkir (kyi tb unki (dÃh)k[
ci>dn) ci[km[> ai]r>gz[bn[ vF (kyi . es GTnis[ BirtvP< m[> aik\mN ai]r
p\(taik\mNki di]r cli. t_vdS<nk[ a¹yipn ki E[s) p(r(AY(tm[> xy h&ai.
{k} tZt)y aik\mN: eAT e(ºDyi k>pn)n[ b>gil k[ (srij- ud- di]lik[ siY
e<‘s‘1757 A.D. m[> y&¹F (kyi ai]r (vjy p\i¼t k)……. m[ki[ul[ nimk a>g\[j
(vwiSiA#i) n[ e<‘s‘
1835 A.D. m[> ny) (vwin)(t ki p\ir>B (kyi.a>g[\j) BiPi
a¹yipn k) BiPi bnn[ ki p\ir>B h&ai.piV\i_y (voini[> ki[ t_vdS<n ki s>p*N< Xin
nh)> Yi. es(lE uºhi[> n[ aidS<vid, viAtvvid, p\yi[gvid, p\kZ(tvid, a(AtRvvid,
p&nrircnivid ai(d vidi[> ki ud`Bv (kyi.y[ sB) vid t_vdS<n nh)> h] (kºt&
(vcirFiriE<> (Idologies) h]>. v[ t_vdS<n ki ai(S>k $p m[> (n$pN krt[
h>].m[ki[ul[ n[ apn) (vwin)(t ki p\ir>B krt[ h&E khi Yi- ''m]> E[s[ Birt)y cihti
h*<> ji[ es (vwin)(t s[ phniv[m[> Birt)y lgt[ hi[> pr (vcir s[ a>g\[j hi[>."" a>g[\j)
mi¹ym k[ piV\iRy (voini[> k) p&Atk[> pQie< jit) h].vt<min smy{e<‘s‘
2011
A.D.
} m[> B) mhi(vwilyi[> m[> ai]r an&Anitk (vBigi[> m[> B) (vd[S) (voini[> k[
(vcir sRy h]> E[s) miºyti
{Xenoceutrism} BirtvP< m[> p]di h&e< h].BirtvP< k[
p\ic)n â(P-m&(nyi[> k) p&Atk[> a¹yipn k[ (lE s>dB< g>\Y k[ $pm[> pQie< jit)
11
nh)> h].t_vdS<n Ek h) hi[ti h].uski bh&vcn nh)> hi[ti aYi<t` an[k t_vdS<n
nh)> hi[t[.BirtvP< k[ li[gi[> ki vt<min smyki upy&<kt aXin t_vdS<n k)
aFi[g(t ki kirN bni h&ai h].
{9} BirtvP< m[> a>g\[\j) S¾di[> ki p\id[(Sk BiPiai[> m[> di[P p*N< BiPi>tr:-
(1) a>g[\j) S¾d (fli[si[f) { Philosophy} ki BiPi>tr ''(fls*f)"" (kyi
h].eski t_vdS<n yi dS<n S¾di[> m[> BiPi>tr h&ai h].a>g[\j) S¾dki[P m[>
(fli[si[f)
{Philosophy} ki aY< d*r>dS)< k[ p\(t p\[m yi Xin k) Ki[j. Kis
krk[ a(AtRv ki aY< ai]r Av$p
{Nature} k[ bir[ m[> piV\iRy (voini[> n[
a(AtRv k[ aY< ai]r Av$p
{Nature} k[ bir[ m[> (vAtZt vN<n (kyi nh)> h].un
piV\Ry (ctki[> n[ (v(vF (vvirFiriai[>
(Idologies) ki[ t_vdS<n nim d[kr p\cir-
p\sir (kyi. BirtvP< m>[ E[s) (AY(t m[> t_vdS<nki aF:ptn hi[ rhi h].
(2 ) a>g\[j) S¾d v[Ãy&j
(Values) ki BiPi>tr m*Ãy/m*Ãyi[> (kyi/yh BiPi>tr
di[Pp*N< h]. sh) BiPi>tr n)(t, Fm<,kt<Äy, kt<Äyi[> hi[ni ci(hE.
>g[\j) S¾d (fli[si[f) {
Philosophy} ki.
{10} a>g\[j) (r(ljn{Religion}S¾d ki p\id[(Sk BiPi m[> di[P p*N< BiPi>tr:-
kh[ jin[vil[ { So Called} (vwiSi(A#iyi[> n[ (r(ljn {Religion}S¾d
ki p\id[(Sk BiPiai[> m[> BiPi>tr 'Fm<" (kyi h].yh di[Pp*N< BiPi>tr h].yh
(vwiSi(A#iyi[> ki aXin p\kT krti h].(r(ljn {
Religion} ki sh) BiPi>tr
's>p\diy" hi[ti h].
aXin) n[tigN kht[ h] (k BirtvP< 'Fm<(nrp[x" riOT^ h].yh aXin h][.''
BirtvP< ki s>(vFin
(Constitution) (ks) s>p\diy k[ s>dB< m[> (lKi gyi nh) h]
(kºt& 't_vdS<n"
(Philosophy) k[ an&$p (lKi gyi h[.es(lE BirtvP< pr
tRvdS<n ki p\Biv Äyipt h].
's>p\diy" ai]r 'Fm<" sminiY)< S¾d nh)> h].Fm< ki aY< kt<Äy (nOqi hi[ti
h[ jb k) s>p\diy ki aY< pr>prigt km<ki>D ai]r ~¹Fi ki piln h].s>p\diy
tRvdS<n ki Ek Big hi[ skti h] (kºt& vh t_vdS<n nh)> h].t_vdS<n Yi[D[ a>S
nh)> h].t_vdS<n Ek h) hi[ti h].uski bh&vcn nh)> hi[ti aYi<t` an[k t_vdS<n
nh)> hi[t[.BirtvP< k[ li[gi[> ki vt<min smyki upy&<kt aXin t_vdS<n k)
aFi[g(t ki kirN bni h&ai h].
{9} BirtvP< m[> a>g\[\j) S¾di[> ki p\id[(Sk BiPiai[> m[> di[P p*N< BiPi>tr:-
(1) a>g[\j) S¾d (fli[si[f) { Philosophy} ki BiPi>tr ''(fls*f)"" (kyi
h].eski t_vdS<n yi dS<n S¾di[> m[> BiPi>tr h&ai h].a>g[\j) S¾dki[P m[>
(fli[si[f)
{Philosophy} ki aY< d*r>dS)< k[ p\(t p\[m yi Xin k) Ki[j. Kis
krk[ a(AtRv ki aY< ai]r Av$p
{Nature} k[ bir[ m[> piV\iRy (voini[> n[
a(AtRv k[ aY< ai]r Av$p
{Nature} k[ bir[ m[> (vAtZt vN<n (kyi nh)> h].un
piV\Ry (ctki[> n[ (v(vF (vvirFiriai[>
(Idologies) ki[ t_vdS<n nim d[kr p\cir-
p\sir (kyi. BirtvP< m>[ E[s) (AY(t m[> t_vdS<nki aF:ptn hi[ rhi h].
(2 ) a>g\[j) S¾d v[Ãy&j
(Values) ki BiPi>tr m*Ãy/m*Ãyi[> (kyi/yh BiPi>tr
di[Pp*N< h]. sh) BiPi>tr n)(t, Fm<,kt<Äy, kt<Äyi[> hi[ni ci(hE.
>g[\j) S¾d (fli[si[f) {
Philosophy} ki.
{10} a>g\[j) (r(ljn{Religion}S¾d ki p\id[(Sk BiPi m[> di[P p*N< BiPi>tr:-
kh[ jin[vil[ { So Called} (vwiSi(A#iyi[> n[ (r(ljn {Religion}S¾d
ki p\id[(Sk BiPiai[> m[> BiPi>tr 'Fm<" (kyi h].yh di[Pp*N< BiPi>tr h].yh
(vwiSi(A#iyi[> ki aXin p\kT krti h].(r(ljn {
Religion} ki sh) BiPi>tr
's>p\diy" hi[ti h].
aXin) n[tigN kht[ h] (k BirtvP< 'Fm<(nrp[x" riOT^ h].yh aXin h][.''
BirtvP< ki s>(vFin
(Constitution) (ks) s>p\diy k[ s>dB< m[> (lKi gyi nh) h]
(kºt& 't_vdS<n"
(Philosophy) k[ an&$p (lKi gyi h[.es(lE BirtvP< pr
tRvdS<n ki p\Biv Äyipt h].
's>p\diy" ai]r 'Fm<" sminiY)< S¾d nh)> h].Fm< ki aY< kt<Äy (nOqi hi[ti
h[ jb k) s>p\diy ki aY< pr>prigt km<ki>D ai]r ~¹Fi ki piln h].s>p\diy
tRvdS<n ki Ek Big hi[ skti h] (kºt& vh t_vdS<n nh)> h].t_vdS<n Yi[D[ a>S
12
m[> s>p\diy ki p\(t(b>b hi[ skti h] (kºt& vh s>p\diy nh)> h].t_vdS<n ai]r
s>p\diy k[ b)c bh&t a>tr h].(vwiY)< upy&<kt di[Pp*N< BiPi>tr k[ kirN (oFi m[>
pD jiti h].esk[ kirN li[g t_vdS<n aYi<t` v[di>t ki aµC) trh aY<GTn kr
skt[ nh)> h]>.
{11} m[ki[ul[ k[ an&yiy):-
e<‘s‘2011 A.D. m[> Avit>#y k[ bid tYik(Yt (vwiSi(#iyi[>, n[tiai[> (c>tki[
mint[ h]> (k piV\iRy (vwiSi(#iyi[>, n[tiai[>, (ct>ki[ n[ ji[ k&C t_vdS<n ai]r aºy
(vPyi[ pr (lKi ai]r khi h] vh sb sRy h][.yh (vd[S)- (bwi – sRyBiv
{Xenoceutrism} n[ t_vdS<n ki (vniS kr (dyi h].p\ic)n â(Pai[> {Sages},
m&(nai[>
(Professors) n[ p\ic)n p&Atki[> m[> apn[ dZ(OTki[N t_vdS<n ai]r aºy
(vPyi[ pr p\kT (kE h]>. enki (vwi s>dB< l[n[k) ki[e< (c>ti krti nh)> h].â(P
p\ic)n (vFip)qi[> k[ upk&lp(t
{Vice Chancellor} ai]r m&(n (vwi SiKi k[
s>cilk
(Head of the Departments) Y[.m[ki[l k[ mins p&#i (vd[S) (vwi-
sRyBiv vil[
(Xenoceutrism) h]>. t_vdS<n ki xy E[s[ tYik(qt (vwiSi(A#iyi[>
k[ kirN hi[ rhi h].
si(h(Ryk vN<n:- (b\T)S Siski[> n[ m[kiul[ k) (vwin)(t (Education policy)
k[ an&sir a>g\[j) BiPi ki[ pQie< k) BiPi (Medium of Instruction)
bniyi.aiy<-p&$P k) d\v)D pRn) e<‘s‘ 1835 A.D. s[ a>g[\j) BiPi pQt) ai rh)
h]. Avit>#y k[ bid vh pRn) Birt) {(hºd)} BiPi m[> pQn[ k[ (lE t]yir nh)>
h].Birt) {(hºd)} BiPi ki[ Grk) BiPi {riOT^)y BiPi} Gi[(Pt k) h].(fr B) vh
Gr m[> (hºd) bi[ln[ k[ (lE t]yir nh)> h]. aiy<-p(t-d\v)D pRn) k[ siY k&T&>b m[>
si]hid< bniy[
(Unity and Integrity) rKn[ k[ (lE dbiv m[> aikr Birt) {(hºd)}
Ci[Dkr a>g\[j) BiPi bi[ln[ lgi h].BirtvP< ki s>(vFin B) a>g\[J) BiPi m[> (lKi
gyi h].(vd[S) (vwiSi(A#iyi[> ai]r (ct>ki[ n[ apn[ dZ(OTki[N a>g[\j) BiPi k)
p&Atki>[ m[> p\At&t (kE h]>.unki s>dB< g\>Yi>[ k[ $p m[> upyi[g (kyi jiti h]. y[ g\>Y
t_vdS<n k[ s>dB< m[>
(In the Context of Philosophy) aXin s[ Äyi¼t h]>.(vd[S)
(vcirki[> n[ (vcirFiriai[> {Idologies}ki[ t_vdS<n khi h]. t_vdS<n Ek ai]r
m[> s>p\diy ki p\(t(b>b hi[ skti h] (kºt& vh s>p\diy nh)> h].t_vdS<n ai]r
s>p\diy k[ b)c bh&t a>tr h].(vwiY)< upy&<kt di[Pp*N< BiPi>tr k[ kirN (oFi m[>
pD jiti h].esk[ kirN li[g t_vdS<n aYi<t` v[di>t ki aµC) trh aY<GTn kr
skt[ nh)> h]>.
{11} m[ki[ul[ k[ an&yiy):-
e<‘s‘2011 A.D. m[> Avit>#y k[ bid tYik(Yt (vwiSi(#iyi[>, n[tiai[> (c>tki[
mint[ h]> (k piV\iRy (vwiSi(#iyi[>, n[tiai[>, (ct>ki[ n[ ji[ k&C t_vdS<n ai]r aºy
(vPyi[ pr (lKi ai]r khi h] vh sb sRy h][.yh (vd[S)- (bwi – sRyBiv
{Xenoceutrism} n[ t_vdS<n ki (vniS kr (dyi h].p\ic)n â(Pai[> {Sages},
m&(nai[>
(Professors) n[ p\ic)n p&Atki[> m[> apn[ dZ(OTki[N t_vdS<n ai]r aºy
(vPyi[ pr p\kT (kE h]>. enki (vwi s>dB< l[n[k) ki[e< (c>ti krti nh)> h].â(P
p\ic)n (vFip)qi[> k[ upk&lp(t
{Vice Chancellor} ai]r m&(n (vwi SiKi k[
s>cilk
(Head of the Departments) Y[.m[ki[l k[ mins p&#i (vd[S) (vwi-
sRyBiv vil[
(Xenoceutrism) h]>. t_vdS<n ki xy E[s[ tYik(qt (vwiSi(A#iyi[>
k[ kirN hi[ rhi h].
si(h(Ryk vN<n:- (b\T)S Siski[> n[ m[kiul[ k) (vwin)(t (Education policy)
k[ an&sir a>g\[j) BiPi ki[ pQie< k) BiPi (Medium of Instruction)
bniyi.aiy<-p&$P k) d\v)D pRn) e<‘s‘ 1835 A.D. s[ a>g[\j) BiPi pQt) ai rh)
h]. Avit>#y k[ bid vh pRn) Birt) {(hºd)} BiPi m[> pQn[ k[ (lE t]yir nh)>
h].Birt) {(hºd)} BiPi ki[ Grk) BiPi {riOT^)y BiPi} Gi[(Pt k) h].(fr B) vh
Gr m[> (hºd) bi[ln[ k[ (lE t]yir nh)> h]. aiy<-p(t-d\v)D pRn) k[ siY k&T&>b m[>
si]hid< bniy[
(Unity and Integrity) rKn[ k[ (lE dbiv m[> aikr Birt) {(hºd)}
Ci[Dkr a>g\[j) BiPi bi[ln[ lgi h].BirtvP< ki s>(vFin B) a>g\[J) BiPi m[> (lKi
gyi h].(vd[S) (vwiSi(A#iyi[> ai]r (ct>ki[ n[ apn[ dZ(OTki[N a>g[\j) BiPi k)
p&Atki>[ m[> p\At&t (kE h]>.unki s>dB< g\>Yi>[ k[ $p m[> upyi[g (kyi jiti h]. y[ g\>Y
t_vdS<n k[ s>dB< m[>
(In the Context of Philosophy) aXin s[ Äyi¼t h]>.(vd[S)
(vcirki[> n[ (vcirFiriai[> {Idologies}ki[ t_vdS<n khi h]. t_vdS<n Ek ai]r
13
mi#i Ek h) hi[ti h].t_vdS<n ki bh&vcn bnin[ s[ t_vdS<n k) aFi[g(t hi[ rh)
h].
12. ejm {ISM) t_vdS<n ai]r BirtvP< k) aFi[g(t ki p\m&K kirN:-
ejm {ISM} p\Ryy h]. aie(Dyi(ljm {Idealism} (ryi(ljm (Realism)
ai(d (vcirFiriai>[ (Ideologies) ki[ tRvdS<n (Philoslophies) Gi[(Pt (kyi gyi
h]. t_vdS<n Ek vcn m[> hi[ti h] i BirtvP< m[> (vwiap<N yi a¹yyn – a¹yipn
ki mi¹ym a>g\[j) e<‘s‘ 1835 s[ bni h&ai h] ai]r Avit>#y k[ bid B) esm[> ki[e<
p(rvt<n nh)> aiyi h].mhiv)r Avim)n[ t_vdS<n ki upd[S (dyi uski[ a>g\[j) BiPi
m[> j][n)jm {Jainism} khi gyi h]. gi]tm b&Ün[ t_vdS<n ki upd[S (dyi us[
b&(Üjm {Buddhism} khi gyi h]. g&$nink n[ t_vdS<n ki ji[ upd[S (dyi us[
S)K)jm {Shikism} khi jiti h]. (hºd* (nrY<k S¾d h] (frB) usk[ p)C[ ejm
{ISM} ji[Dkr (hºd*ejm bniyi. usk[ AYin pr aXi(nyi[>n[ (hºd*Rv S¾d bniyi.
(fr aXi(nyi[>n[ (hºd* (r(l(jyn (Hindu Religion) S¾d bniyi . (hºd* (r(l(jyn
yi (hºd* s>p\diy h] h) nh)>. (hºd* Fm< S¾d mhiaXinki wi[tk h]. BirtvP<m[> ki[e<
(hºd* (nvis krti nh)> h]> . ji[ (nvis krt[ h>] v[ sB) v[di>t) h]. mhiv)r Avim)
ai]r gi]tm b&o k[ y&g m[> BirtvP<> m[> Ek B) s>p\diy (Religion) nh)> Yi smy
k[ p\vih m[ km<ki>D ai]r ~Ûiai[> k[ kirN unki t_vdS<n j]n s>p\diy m[> p(rvt<n
hi[ gyi. vt<min smy m[> BirtvP< m[> an[k ny[ ny[ s>p\diy ai]r up s>p\diy
(Sects) a(AtRv m[> ai rh[ h]>. s>p\diy (Religion) ki p\cir p\sir hi[ rhi h]
ai]r tRvdS<n (Philosophy) k) aFi[g(t hi[ rh) h].
13. minv SiA#ii[> m[> s>Si[Fn ki aBiv:-
BirtvP< m[> vt<min smy k) (vwi n)(t-a>Fi[ aFm` piqy(t – h(At:r¶j&:
ev j]s) h]. eski aY< yh h] (k a>Fi {a¹yipk} a>F[ ki[ {(vwiY)<>} ki[ pQiti
h] (k hiY) rAs) j]si h]. udihrN k[ ti]r pr a>F (Ignorant) a¹yipk Xin(ppis&
(vwiY)< (Ignorant) ki[ pQiti h] (k j]nvid
(Jaiusism) bi]Ûvid (Bauddhism)
S)Kvid (Shikism) aidS<vid (Idealism) viAtvvid (Realism) ai(d t_vdS<n
h]. t_vdS<n Ek ai]r mi#i Ek h) h]. hmir[ â(P m&(nai[>n[ mi#i ai]r mi#i
mi#i Ek h) hi[ti h].t_vdS<n ki bh&vcn bnin[ s[ t_vdS<n k) aFi[g(t hi[ rh)
h].
12. ejm {ISM) t_vdS<n ai]r BirtvP< k) aFi[g(t ki p\m&K kirN:-
ejm {ISM} p\Ryy h]. aie(Dyi(ljm {Idealism} (ryi(ljm (Realism)
ai(d (vcirFiriai>[ (Ideologies) ki[ tRvdS<n (Philoslophies) Gi[(Pt (kyi gyi
h]. t_vdS<n Ek vcn m[> hi[ti h] i BirtvP< m[> (vwiap<N yi a¹yyn – a¹yipn
ki mi¹ym a>g\[j) e<‘s‘ 1835 s[ bni h&ai h] ai]r Avit>#y k[ bid B) esm[> ki[e<
p(rvt<n nh)> aiyi h].mhiv)r Avim)n[ t_vdS<n ki upd[S (dyi uski[ a>g\[j) BiPi
m[> j][n)jm {Jainism} khi gyi h]. gi]tm b&Ün[ t_vdS<n ki upd[S (dyi us[
b&(Üjm {Buddhism} khi gyi h]. g&$nink n[ t_vdS<n ki ji[ upd[S (dyi us[
S)K)jm {Shikism} khi jiti h]. (hºd* (nrY<k S¾d h] (frB) usk[ p)C[ ejm
{ISM} ji[Dkr (hºd*ejm bniyi. usk[ AYin pr aXi(nyi[>n[ (hºd*Rv S¾d bniyi.
(fr aXi(nyi[>n[ (hºd* (r(l(jyn (Hindu Religion) S¾d bniyi . (hºd* (r(l(jyn
yi (hºd* s>p\diy h] h) nh)>. (hºd* Fm< S¾d mhiaXinki wi[tk h]. BirtvP<m[> ki[e<
(hºd* (nvis krti nh)> h]> . ji[ (nvis krt[ h>] v[ sB) v[di>t) h]. mhiv)r Avim)
ai]r gi]tm b&o k[ y&g m[> BirtvP<> m[> Ek B) s>p\diy (Religion) nh)> Yi smy
k[ p\vih m[ km<ki>D ai]r ~Ûiai[> k[ kirN unki t_vdS<n j]n s>p\diy m[> p(rvt<n
hi[ gyi. vt<min smy m[> BirtvP< m[> an[k ny[ ny[ s>p\diy ai]r up s>p\diy
(Sects) a(AtRv m[> ai rh[ h]>. s>p\diy (Religion) ki p\cir p\sir hi[ rhi h]
ai]r tRvdS<n (Philosophy) k) aFi[g(t hi[ rh) h].
13. minv SiA#ii[> m[> s>Si[Fn ki aBiv:-
BirtvP< m[> vt<min smy k) (vwi n)(t-a>Fi[ aFm` piqy(t – h(At:r¶j&:
ev j]s) h]. eski aY< yh h] (k a>Fi {a¹yipk} a>F[ ki[ {(vwiY)<>} ki[ pQiti
h] (k hiY) rAs) j]si h]. udihrN k[ ti]r pr a>F (Ignorant) a¹yipk Xin(ppis&
(vwiY)< (Ignorant) ki[ pQiti h] (k j]nvid
(Jaiusism) bi]Ûvid (Bauddhism)
S)Kvid (Shikism) aidS<vid (Idealism) viAtvvid (Realism) ai(d t_vdS<n
h]. t_vdS<n Ek ai]r mi#i Ek h) h]. hmir[ â(P m&(nai[>n[ mi#i ai]r mi#i
14
t_vdS<nki upd[S (dyi h]. upy<&±t aXin ki p\sir krn[vil) a(vwi
(Uneducation) hmir[ â(P m&(nai[> ki[ Gi[r apmin k[ $p m[> h]. mhiv)r Avim)
gi]tm b&Û ai]r g&$nink aºy eAlim, (k\(V\yn ai(d s>p\diyi>[ k[ AYipki[k)
trh AYipk nh)> h]>. uºhi>[n[ mi#i ai]r mi#i t_vdS<n ki h) upd[S (dyi Yi. ji[
li[g unk[ an&yiy) bn[ uºhi>[n[ apn) ~Ûi k[ kirN km<ki>D p]di (kE ai]r unki[
s>p\diyk[ AYipk bniE. unk[ Fmi[<> k[ upd[S aYi<t` kt<Äy (nOqiai>[k[ upd[S ki[
hm B*l gy[ h]> ai]r km<ki>D krn[ lg[ h]>. es trh BirtvP< m[> t_vdS<n ki[[ hi(n
ph&‡c rh) h].
BirtvP< m>[ a(Fktr (vwi SiA#i) (Education) aXin) h]. v[ s>Si[Fn ki[
mh_v d[t[ nh)> h]. aXin) (vwiSiA#i) yi aXin) p\i¹yipk apn[ (vwiY)< ki[
s>Si[Fnki mig<dS<n k]s[ kr skti h]. es(lE (vwi p\(k\yi AY(gt hi[ ge< h].
(vwi SiA#i)ki ahm` (Ego) aiht hi[ti h]; jb uski[ mil&m hi[ti h] (k usn[ sir[
j)vn m[[> ji[ k&C pQiyi vh aXin y&±t Yi. Xin p\i(¼t krni a¹yipk k[ mn k)
Ek p\(k\yi hi[t) h]. (vwi p\(k\yi m[> aXin k) jgh Xin p\i(¼t Ek p\(k\yi hi[t)
h]. (vwi p\(k\yi m[> aXin k) jgh Xin p\i(¼t Ek prmin>d (Blissful) hi[ti h].
g&$ yi a¹yipk us k[ (SOy yi (vwiY)< k[ mns[ aXin ki[ d*r krti h].
(vwiY)<ki[ E[s[ g&$ yi a¹yipk ki[ nmn krni ci(hE ji[ apn[ aXin ki[ d*r kr[
ai]r aXin k) vZ(Û kr[. a¹yipk j)vnBr (vwiY)< hi[ti h].
14. t_vdS)<ai[>ki aBiv:-
Avit>#y k[ bid hmir) (vwip\(k\yi m[> Kis krk[ minv SiA#ii>[ ai]r smij
(vXini>[ m[>
(Humuities and Social Scieueces) m[> aÃpmi#iim[> B) p(rvt<n
nh) h&ai h]. mi#i (vwi p\(k\yi m[> aXinki a¹yipn (kyi jiti h]. es(lE
a¹yipnkti< {Learner) aXin ki[ l[kr smij m[> rhti h]. ai]r si[cti h] ai]r
Äyvhir krti h]. E[si aXin) Äy(kt tYik(Yt (vwiSiA#i) ai]r n[ti bnti h].
E[si aXin) n[ti BirtvP<< ki[ (vniS k) ai]r l[ jiti h]. aXin y&±t (vwi
p\(k\yi k[ kirN t_vd(S<ai>[ (Philosophers) ki ud`Bv nh)> hi[ti. t_vdS<n k)
aFi[g(t ai]r t_vd(S<yi[ k[ aBiv k[ kirN ahm` (Ego), Xi(tvid (Casteism),
t_vdS<nki upd[S (dyi h]. upy<&±t aXin ki p\sir krn[vil) a(vwi
(Uneducation) hmir[ â(P m&(nai[> ki[ Gi[r apmin k[ $p m[> h]. mhiv)r Avim)
gi]tm b&Û ai]r g&$nink aºy eAlim, (k\(V\yn ai(d s>p\diyi>[ k[ AYipki[k)
trh AYipk nh)> h]>. uºhi>[n[ mi#i ai]r mi#i t_vdS<n ki h) upd[S (dyi Yi. ji[
li[g unk[ an&yiy) bn[ uºhi>[n[ apn) ~Ûi k[ kirN km<ki>D p]di (kE ai]r unki[
s>p\diyk[ AYipk bniE. unk[ Fmi[<> k[ upd[S aYi<t` kt<Äy (nOqiai>[k[ upd[S ki[
hm B*l gy[ h]> ai]r km<ki>D krn[ lg[ h]>. es trh BirtvP< m[> t_vdS<n ki[[ hi(n
ph&‡c rh) h].
BirtvP< m>[ a(Fktr (vwi SiA#i) (Education) aXin) h]. v[ s>Si[Fn ki[
mh_v d[t[ nh)> h]. aXin) (vwiSiA#i) yi aXin) p\i¹yipk apn[ (vwiY)< ki[
s>Si[Fnki mig<dS<n k]s[ kr skti h]. es(lE (vwi p\(k\yi AY(gt hi[ ge< h].
(vwi SiA#i)ki ahm` (Ego) aiht hi[ti h]; jb uski[ mil&m hi[ti h] (k usn[ sir[
j)vn m[[> ji[ k&C pQiyi vh aXin y&±t Yi. Xin p\i(¼t krni a¹yipk k[ mn k)
Ek p\(k\yi hi[t) h]. (vwi p\(k\yi m[> aXin k) jgh Xin p\i(¼t Ek p\(k\yi hi[t)
h]. (vwi p\(k\yi m[> aXin k) jgh Xin p\i(¼t Ek prmin>d (Blissful) hi[ti h].
g&$ yi a¹yipk us k[ (SOy yi (vwiY)< k[ mns[ aXin ki[ d*r krti h].
(vwiY)<ki[ E[s[ g&$ yi a¹yipk ki[ nmn krni ci(hE ji[ apn[ aXin ki[ d*r kr[
ai]r aXin k) vZ(Û kr[. a¹yipk j)vnBr (vwiY)< hi[ti h].
14. t_vdS)<ai[>ki aBiv:-
Avit>#y k[ bid hmir) (vwip\(k\yi m[> Kis krk[ minv SiA#ii>[ ai]r smij
(vXini>[ m[>
(Humuities and Social Scieueces) m[> aÃpmi#iim[> B) p(rvt<n
nh) h&ai h]. mi#i (vwi p\(k\yi m[> aXinki a¹yipn (kyi jiti h]. es(lE
a¹yipnkti< {Learner) aXin ki[ l[kr smij m[> rhti h]. ai]r si[cti h] ai]r
Äyvhir krti h]. E[si aXin) Äy(kt tYik(Yt (vwiSiA#i) ai]r n[ti bnti h].
E[si aXin) n[ti BirtvP<< ki[ (vniS k) ai]r l[ jiti h]. aXin y&±t (vwi
p\(k\yi k[ kirN t_vd(S<ai>[ (Philosophers) ki ud`Bv nh)> hi[ti. t_vdS<n k)
aFi[g(t ai]r t_vd(S<yi[ k[ aBiv k[ kirN ahm` (Ego), Xi(tvid (Casteism),
15
AYi(pt(ht (Vestelinterests), p*v<g\h (Prejudice) aXin) (vFi SiA#i)
(Ignoraul educationists), (vd[S (vFi sRyBiv (Xeuoceutrism) Avd[S Xin
sRyBiv (Ethnoceutrism) ki aBiv minvSiA#ii>[ m[> s>Si[Fn k[ p\(t a$(c,
ai(d h].
15. tRvdS<nm` Ev jyt[ :-
sir[ (vV m[ t_vdS<n ki p\Biv p]di hi[. s>y&kt riOT^ (United Nations ) 15
nvÀbr k[ (dn 't_vdS<n -(dn" mniti h]. kÍrp>Y) an&yiy) unk[ s>p\diy ki
(vV m[> p\cir ai]r mhinti k) (vjy k[ (lE bh&t s(k\y h>]. (vV k[ s>p\diy
apn) mhinti k) (vjy k[ (lE bh&t s(k\y h]>. (vV k[ s>p\diy apn) mhinti
p\AYi(pt krn[ k[ (lE p\vZt h]. E[s[ k&C s>p\diy (vV ki[ s>p\diy)kZt
(Religionized) krn[ k[ (lE ai]r (vV m[> t_vdS<n ki[ nOT krn[ ki p\yis kr
rh[ h]>. s>Bvt: E[s) p(r(AY(t m[> gZhy&Û k) s>Bivni bQt) jit) h]. t_vdS<n
y&±t
(Philisophical) (c>tn ai]r si>p\di(yk (>c>tn (Religious Thinking) k[
b)c s>FP< (vV m[> cl rhi h]. hm[> (vV ki[ t_vdS<n y&±t (Philosphized)
krni h]. t_vdS<n ki[ jinni aYi<t` Xin ki[ jinn[ k) a(B$(c bQini, Xin
p\i¼t krni aYi<t` aXin s[ m&±t hi[ni ai]r a>F~Ûiai[ki[ d*r krni h) hmir[
smij ki[ tk<Xin y&±t (Rational) bnini h] ai]r t_vdS<n k) p&n: AYipni
krni h].
16. Fmi[<pd[Ski[> ki d]v)krN:- (Deification)
mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Ûn[ unk[ j)vn m[> Fmi‡[pd[S aYi<t` kt<Äy (nOqiai[>
ki upd[S (dyi. unk[ an&yi(yai[> ki k\mS: j]n ai]]r bi]Û kh[ gE. smy k[
p\vih m[> j]ni>[ ai]r bi]Ûi[>n[[ mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Û ki d]v)krN
(Deification) (kyi. en di[ni>[ Fmi[<pd[Ski>[n[ d]v)krN n krn[ k[ (lE ai]r
m*(t<p*ji n krn[ ki upd[S (dyi Yi {vt<min smy m[> mhiv)r Avim)ki[ Bgvin
mhiv)r Avim) khi jiti h]. ai]r gi]tm b&Ûki[ Bgvin b&Û khi jiti h].} en
di[ni[k) m*(t< bnikr p*ji ac<ni k) jit) h]. j]n s>p\diy ai]r bi[]Û s>p\diy
an&yi(yai>[ oiri k<mki>D ai]r ~Ûiai[> ki piln krn[ s[ p]di h&E h]>. uºhi[>n[ (sf<
AYi(pt(ht (Vestelinterests), p*v<g\h (Prejudice) aXin) (vFi SiA#i)
(Ignoraul educationists), (vd[S (vFi sRyBiv (Xeuoceutrism) Avd[S Xin
sRyBiv (Ethnoceutrism) ki aBiv minvSiA#ii>[ m[> s>Si[Fn k[ p\(t a$(c,
ai(d h].
15. tRvdS<nm` Ev jyt[ :-
sir[ (vV m[ t_vdS<n ki p\Biv p]di hi[. s>y&kt riOT^ (United Nations ) 15
nvÀbr k[ (dn 't_vdS<n -(dn" mniti h]. kÍrp>Y) an&yiy) unk[ s>p\diy ki
(vV m[> p\cir ai]r mhinti k) (vjy k[ (lE bh&t s(k\y h>]. (vV k[ s>p\diy
apn) mhinti k) (vjy k[ (lE bh&t s(k\y h]>. (vV k[ s>p\diy apn) mhinti
p\AYi(pt krn[ k[ (lE p\vZt h]. E[s[ k&C s>p\diy (vV ki[ s>p\diy)kZt
(Religionized) krn[ k[ (lE ai]r (vV m[> t_vdS<n ki[ nOT krn[ ki p\yis kr
rh[ h]>. s>Bvt: E[s) p(r(AY(t m[> gZhy&Û k) s>Bivni bQt) jit) h]. t_vdS<n
y&±t
(Philisophical) (c>tn ai]r si>p\di(yk (>c>tn (Religious Thinking) k[
b)c s>FP< (vV m[> cl rhi h]. hm[> (vV ki[ t_vdS<n y&±t (Philosphized)
krni h]. t_vdS<n ki[ jinni aYi<t` Xin ki[ jinn[ k) a(B$(c bQini, Xin
p\i¼t krni aYi<t` aXin s[ m&±t hi[ni ai]r a>F~Ûiai[ki[ d*r krni h) hmir[
smij ki[ tk<Xin y&±t (Rational) bnini h] ai]r t_vdS<n k) p&n: AYipni
krni h].
16. Fmi[<pd[Ski[> ki d]v)krN:- (Deification)
mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Ûn[ unk[ j)vn m[> Fmi‡[pd[S aYi<t` kt<Äy (nOqiai[>
ki upd[S (dyi. unk[ an&yi(yai[> ki k\mS: j]n ai]]r bi]Û kh[ gE. smy k[
p\vih m[> j]ni>[ ai]r bi]Ûi[>n[[ mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Û ki d]v)krN
(Deification) (kyi. en di[ni>[ Fmi[<pd[Ski>[n[ d]v)krN n krn[ k[ (lE ai]r
m*(t<p*ji n krn[ ki upd[S (dyi Yi {vt<min smy m[> mhiv)r Avim)ki[ Bgvin
mhiv)r Avim) khi jiti h]. ai]r gi]tm b&Ûki[ Bgvin b&Û khi jiti h].} en
di[ni[k) m*(t< bnikr p*ji ac<ni k) jit) h]. j]n s>p\diy ai]r bi[]Û s>p\diy
an&yi(yai>[ oiri k<mki>D ai]r ~Ûiai[> ki piln krn[ s[ p]di h&E h]>. uºhi[>n[ (sf<
16
t_vdS<n ai]r mi#i tRvdS<n ki h) upd[S (dyi Yi. hm[ es t_vdS<n ki[
apnini ci(hE. t_vdS<n ki aY< Fm< {kt<Äy(nOqi}ki piln h]. '' Fm<:
(vjyt[tmim`"" aYi<t` (vV m[> Fm</ Fmi>[< {kt<Äyi>[} k) s>p*N< $p m[> (vjy
p\i¼t hi>[. mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Û t_vdS)< (Philosophers) Y[. t_vd(S<yi>[
ki sÀmin krni ci(hE (kºt& unk) p*ji ac<ni krk[ d]v)krN (Deification)
krn[ k) aivÆykti nh)> h]. y[ (ks) s>p\diy k[ AYipk nh)> Y[. y(d unki
d]v)krN hi[ gyi h] tb apn[ a(AtRv k[ (lE unk[ Fmi[<pd[S ki[ apnit[ h&E
t_vdS<n ki p\cir p\sir krk[ t_vdS<nk) p&n: AYipni krn) ci(hE.
s*cni: t_vdS<n k[ bir[ m[> a(Fk jin n[ k[ (lE t_vdS<n ai]r s>p\diy k[ b)c ji[
B[d btiE gy[ h]> unki a¹yyn k)(jE.
t_vdS<n ai]r mi#i tRvdS<n ki h) upd[S (dyi Yi. hm[ es t_vdS<n ki[
apnini ci(hE. t_vdS<n ki aY< Fm< {kt<Äy(nOqi}ki piln h]. '' Fm<:
(vjyt[tmim`"" aYi<t` (vV m[> Fm</ Fmi>[< {kt<Äyi>[} k) s>p*N< $p m[> (vjy
p\i¼t hi>[. mhiv)r Avim) ai]r gi]tm b&Û t_vdS)< (Philosophers) Y[. t_vd(S<yi>[
ki sÀmin krni ci(hE (kºt& unk) p*ji ac<ni krk[ d]v)krN (Deification)
krn[ k) aivÆykti nh)> h]. y[ (ks) s>p\diy k[ AYipk nh)> Y[. y(d unki
d]v)krN hi[ gyi h] tb apn[ a(AtRv k[ (lE unk[ Fmi[<pd[S ki[ apnit[ h&E
t_vdS<n ki p\cir p\sir krk[ t_vdS<nk) p&n: AYipni krn) ci(hE.
s*cni: t_vdS<n k[ bir[ m[> a(Fk jin n[ k[ (lE t_vdS<n ai]r s>p\diy k[ b)c ji[
B[d btiE gy[ h]> unki a¹yyn k)(jE.
-:: t_vX: j[‘ kZONm*(<t< ::-
j[‘kZONm*(t< Birt k[ m¹ykil k[ smym[> p\m&K (c>tk hi[ gE h]>. uºhi[>n[ E(n
b[sºT k[ siY (Yyi[si[(fkl si[siyT) m[> kiy< (kyi. bid m[> (Yyi[si[(fAT j[‘kZONm*(t<
k[ s>dB< m[>
''kZONm*(t< fiuºD[Sn"" k) AYipni k) ge< .
jºm :- 12/05/1895
jºm AYl :- mdnipÃl) {mWis}
(nvi<N:- 17/02/1986
Äyvsiy :- v±ti, a¹yipk
(pti :- n(ra(nyh
miti :- sºj)vÀmi
l[Kk :- diS<(nk (vPyi[> pr l[Kn
(vV a¹yipk
(1) The first and Last Freedom
(2) Mind Activity Freedom
(vwix[#im[> l[Kn‘
A region of the whole of purity
Holistic out look without Prejudice
Humanity, environmental
Religious spirit with scientific temper.
j[‘kZONm*(t< Birt k[ m¹ykil k[ smym[> p\m&K (c>tk hi[ gE h]>. uºhi[>n[ E(n
b[sºT k[ siY (Yyi[si[(fkl si[siyT) m[> kiy< (kyi. bid m[> (Yyi[si[(fAT j[‘kZONm*(t<
k[ s>dB< m[>
''kZONm*(t< fiuºD[Sn"" k) AYipni k) ge< .
jºm :- 12/05/1895
jºm AYl :- mdnipÃl) {mWis}
(nvi<N:- 17/02/1986
Äyvsiy :- v±ti, a¹yipk
(pti :- n(ra(nyh
miti :- sºj)vÀmi
l[Kk :- diS<(nk (vPyi[> pr l[Kn
(vV a¹yipk
(1) The first and Last Freedom
(2) Mind Activity Freedom
(vwix[#im[> l[Kn‘
A region of the whole of purity
Holistic out look without Prejudice
Humanity, environmental
Religious spirit with scientific temper.
-:: t_vX: mhip|B& vÃlBiciy< ::-
v]ONv s>p\diy k[ AYipk mhip\B& vÃlBiciy< BirtvP< k[ mhin (c>tki[> s[ Ek
h]> . uºhi[> n[ ~) kZON k[ bil Av$p ki Av)kir (kyi. ~)kZON k[ bilAv$p ki
vN<n krt[ h&E ~)md` Bigvt` k) rcni k).
jºm vP< :- c]#i mis vd px, EkidS) s>vt 1535
jºm AYl :- riyp&r (jl[ m[> mhit)Y< rij)y k[ pis cÀpir·y
(pti :- lÈmN BT`T
miti :- eÃlmi gir&
d)xi :- 'aOTixr gi[pil m>#i" k) d)xi
d)xi g&@ :- ~) rim s>p\diy k[ ~) m>gliciy<j)
(#id>D d)xi :- Avim) niriyN[ºW t)Y< s[ (vON& Avim) s>p\diy k[ AYipk
p\vt<k :- p&(OTmig<
diS<(nk (s¹di>t :- S&¹F – ao]t
p\AYin ct&OTy) :- v[d, b\h`ms*#i, g)ti, Bigvt`, sikir b\h`m k[ (v@¹F
Fmi<~yRv ai]r sRyRv. miyivid ki K>Dn .
v]ONv s>p\diy k[ AYipk mhip\B& vÃlBiciy< BirtvP< k[ mhin (c>tki[> s[ Ek
h]> . uºhi[> n[ ~) kZON k[ bil Av$p ki Av)kir (kyi. ~)kZON k[ bilAv$p ki
vN<n krt[ h&E ~)md` Bigvt` k) rcni k).
jºm vP< :- c]#i mis vd px, EkidS) s>vt 1535
jºm AYl :- riyp&r (jl[ m[> mhit)Y< rij)y k[ pis cÀpir·y
(pti :- lÈmN BT`T
miti :- eÃlmi gir&
d)xi :- 'aOTixr gi[pil m>#i" k) d)xi
d)xi g&@ :- ~) rim s>p\diy k[ ~) m>gliciy<j)
(#id>D d)xi :- Avim) niriyN[ºW t)Y< s[ (vON& Avim) s>p\diy k[ AYipk
p\vt<k :- p&(OTmig<
diS<(nk (s¹di>t :- S&¹F – ao]t
p\AYin ct&OTy) :- v[d, b\h`ms*#i, g)ti, Bigvt`, sikir b\h`m k[ (v@¹F
Fmi<~yRv ai]r sRyRv. miyivid ki K>Dn .
-:: t_vX: ar(v>d Gi[P ::-
ar(v>d Gi[P 20 v)> sd) k[ mhin t_vX h]. uºhi>[n[ (Dvie<n lie<f si[siyT)
(Divine Life Society) k) AYipni k) Y). p\sirk[ (lE uºhi[n[> pi[>D)c[r) ai~mk)
AYipni k). unk[ (nvi<N k[ bid s&~) nv[(dti n[ unk[ kiy< ki[ aig[ bQiyi.
jºm 15.08.1872
jºmAYl: Qiki {biglid[S}
(nvi<N – 05.12.1950
j)vn kil – 18 vP<k) um\ m[> ICS upi(F p\i¼t k). Avit>Òy yi[Ûi bnn[ s[ a>g\[ji>[k)
ni]kr) ki Ryig (kyi. (vd[S) vAt&ai>[ki Ryig krn[ k[ ai>di[ln k[ n[ti bn[.
l[Kn (1) Secrate of veda {v[d rhAy}
(2) Secrate of Upaquishod {up(nPd` ki rhAy}
(3) Indian Culture {Birt)y s>AkZ(t}
(4) The Philosophy of self {t_vdS<n}
(5) Realization of self {Av k) an&B*(t}.
(6) Divine nature of Life {j)vn ki a¹yi(Rmk Av$p}
v>d[ mitrm` - d](nk S&r& (kyi
Review – mi(sk – 62 Page ki s>pidk bn[, t_vdS<n pr an[k l[K (lK[
a¹yyn- s>AkZtm` BiPi
b>gil) BiPi
Political Science
pi[>D)c[r) ai~mm[> an[k an&yiy) bniy[.
ar(v>d Gi[P 20 v)> sd) k[ mhin t_vX h]. uºhi>[n[ (Dvie<n lie<f si[siyT)
(Divine Life Society) k) AYipni k) Y). p\sirk[ (lE uºhi[n[> pi[>D)c[r) ai~mk)
AYipni k). unk[ (nvi<N k[ bid s&~) nv[(dti n[ unk[ kiy< ki[ aig[ bQiyi.
jºm 15.08.1872
jºmAYl: Qiki {biglid[S}
(nvi<N – 05.12.1950
j)vn kil – 18 vP<k) um\ m[> ICS upi(F p\i¼t k). Avit>Òy yi[Ûi bnn[ s[ a>g\[ji>[k)
ni]kr) ki Ryig (kyi. (vd[S) vAt&ai>[ki Ryig krn[ k[ ai>di[ln k[ n[ti bn[.
l[Kn (1) Secrate of veda {v[d rhAy}
(2) Secrate of Upaquishod {up(nPd` ki rhAy}
(3) Indian Culture {Birt)y s>AkZ(t}
(4) The Philosophy of self {t_vdS<n}
(5) Realization of self {Av k) an&B*(t}.
(6) Divine nature of Life {j)vn ki a¹yi(Rmk Av$p}
v>d[ mitrm` - d](nk S&r& (kyi
Review – mi(sk – 62 Page ki s>pidk bn[, t_vdS<n pr an[k l[K (lK[
a¹yyn- s>AkZtm` BiPi
b>gil) BiPi
Political Science
pi[>D)c[r) ai~mm[> an[k an&yiy) bniy[.
1
t_vX : dyin>d srAvt)
jºm AYl – si]riOT^ - g&jritk[ mi[rb)k[ pis T>kiri e<‘s‘ 1824
aiy< smijk) AYipni – e<‘s‘ 1874 {rijki[T}
sRyiY<p\kiS – (hºd) {Birt)} BiPik) aivZ(_i e<‘s‘ 1883, 14 v)> a±T&br, d)pi[Rsv) k[ (dn
nim – m*lS>kr
(pti – krsnj) #iviD)
ji(t – ai](dµy, b\iMN
upnim – dyin>d srAvt)
d)xi – e<‘s‘ 1846
t_vX : dyin>d srAvt)
jºm AYl – si]riOT^ - g&jritk[ mi[rb)k[ pis T>kiri e<‘s‘ 1824
aiy< smijk) AYipni – e<‘s‘ 1874 {rijki[T}
sRyiY<p\kiS – (hºd) {Birt)} BiPik) aivZ(_i e<‘s‘ 1883, 14 v)> a±T&br, d)pi[Rsv) k[ (dn
nim – m*lS>kr
(pti – krsnj) #iviD)
ji(t – ai](dµy, b\iMN
upnim – dyin>d srAvt)
d)xi – e<‘s‘ 1846
2
Avim) dyin>d srAvt) t[jAv) ai]r ai¹yi(Rmk ti[ Y[ h) ; siY siY v[ Ek y&g p\vt<k ai]r
smij s&Firk B) Y[ .
Avim) dyin>d rijn](tk ai]r min(sk g&lim)k[ (Klif Y[ . unki s>d[S Yi 'Avt>#iti mi#i
rijn](tk h) nh)> (kºt& a>F(vÆvis, @(Qvid Ev> vg<B[ds[ B) Avt>#iti uºhi[>n[ khi" s>sir a>F(vÆvis ai]r
aXintik) j>j)ri[>s[ bÛ h]. m]> en j>j)ri[>ki[ ti[Dn[ ai]r li[gi[>ki[ prt>#iti s[ m&(±t p\din krn[ k[ (lE
aiyi h‡* . li[gi[>ki[ unk) viAt(vk Avt>#itis[ (vm&K rKn[ki m[r) t(nk B) eµCi nh)> h].
Avim)j)ki ¹y[y hm[Si un li[gi[> k[ p\(t k[(ºWt Yi . ji[ d&:K di(rWy ai]r a>Fkirs[ p\Bi(vt Y[
. uºhi[>n[ apn[ (lE m&(±t nh) mi>g) . v[ kht[ Y[ ''y(d m]> ak[li mi[x p\i¼t kr l‡*, ess[ ±yi fiydi ?
m[r) hi(d<k eµCi h] (k smAt mn&Oy – ji(t m&(±t p\i¼t kr l[ .
Birt k[ li[gi[> ki[ unki aig\h Yi (k rij nit – jit k[ a(BSips[ m&(±t p\i¼t kr[ ai]r
aApZÆyti ki Ryig kr[ .""
uºhi[>n[ (A#iyi[>k) sminti ai]r (vwik[ (lE ai]r simi(jk u_irdi(yRv a(Fkir k[ (lE s>GP<
(kyi.
a(Fk bir E[si khi jiti h] (k Avim) dyin>d n[ (sf< (hºd* sm&diy k[ (vPym[> h) (vcir (kyi h], (kºt&
yh miºyti #i*(T p*N< h]. uºhi[>n[ (hºd* sm&diyki[ a>F(vÆvisk) jil s[ bihr (nkili, (kºt& aºy ki[e<
s>p\diyi[> k[ p\(t as(hON&ti nh)> bniy) .
aiy< smij gt si] vP<s[ Avim)j)k[ upd[Si[>ki[ c(rtiY< krn[k[ (lE p\yRnS)l h] . {es k[ di[
h[t& h]} – ai¹yi(Rmk ai]r simi(jk . – e(ºdri gi‡F) {Sti¾d) smiri[h}
aiy< Fm<k) uºn(t hi[ es(lE m[r[ j]s[ an[k Fmi<d[Sk {t_vX} hmir[ d[Sm>[ uRpºn hi[ni ci(hE .
Ek Äy(±t oiri yh kiy< (sÛ hi[ sk[ E[si nh)>. (fr B) m[r) b&(Û ai]r sim¸y< k[ an&k*l ji[ (dxi m]>n[
l) h], eski[ p*N< k$>*gi, E[si s>kÃp (kyi h] . sv<#i aiy< smijk) AYipni hi[, m*(t<p*ji ai(d d&K)
aicrN kh)> B) n hi[, v[dSiA#ii[> ki aµCi aY< p\ki(St hi[> ai]r usk[ an&k*l aicrN hi[ kr d[Sk)
uºn(t hi[>, E[s) h) e<Ævrki[ m[r) p\iY<ni h]. esk[ upriºt m>]n[ ji[ pri[pkir krn[ ki (nV|y (kyi h], vh jb
tk bn[gi aij)vn ai]r jºm jºmi>tr B) m]> krti rh‡*gi .
mh(P< dyin>d
Avim) dyin>d srAvt) t[jAv) ai]r ai¹yi(Rmk ti[ Y[ h) ; siY siY v[ Ek y&g p\vt<k ai]r
smij s&Firk B) Y[ .
Avim) dyin>d rijn](tk ai]r min(sk g&lim)k[ (Klif Y[ . unki s>d[S Yi 'Avt>#iti mi#i
rijn](tk h) nh)> (kºt& a>F(vÆvis, @(Qvid Ev> vg<B[ds[ B) Avt>#iti uºhi[>n[ khi" s>sir a>F(vÆvis ai]r
aXintik) j>j)ri[>s[ bÛ h]. m]> en j>j)ri[>ki[ ti[Dn[ ai]r li[gi[>ki[ prt>#iti s[ m&(±t p\din krn[ k[ (lE
aiyi h‡* . li[gi[>ki[ unk) viAt(vk Avt>#itis[ (vm&K rKn[ki m[r) t(nk B) eµCi nh)> h].
Avim)j)ki ¹y[y hm[Si un li[gi[> k[ p\(t k[(ºWt Yi . ji[ d&:K di(rWy ai]r a>Fkirs[ p\Bi(vt Y[
. uºhi[>n[ apn[ (lE m&(±t nh) mi>g) . v[ kht[ Y[ ''y(d m]> ak[li mi[x p\i¼t kr l‡*, ess[ ±yi fiydi ?
m[r) hi(d<k eµCi h] (k smAt mn&Oy – ji(t m&(±t p\i¼t kr l[ .
Birt k[ li[gi[> ki[ unki aig\h Yi (k rij nit – jit k[ a(BSips[ m&(±t p\i¼t kr[ ai]r
aApZÆyti ki Ryig kr[ .""
uºhi[>n[ (A#iyi[>k) sminti ai]r (vwik[ (lE ai]r simi(jk u_irdi(yRv a(Fkir k[ (lE s>GP<
(kyi.
a(Fk bir E[si khi jiti h] (k Avim) dyin>d n[ (sf< (hºd* sm&diy k[ (vPym[> h) (vcir (kyi h], (kºt&
yh miºyti #i*(T p*N< h]. uºhi[>n[ (hºd* sm&diyki[ a>F(vÆvisk) jil s[ bihr (nkili, (kºt& aºy ki[e<
s>p\diyi[> k[ p\(t as(hON&ti nh)> bniy) .
aiy< smij gt si] vP<s[ Avim)j)k[ upd[Si[>ki[ c(rtiY< krn[k[ (lE p\yRnS)l h] . {es k[ di[
h[t& h]} – ai¹yi(Rmk ai]r simi(jk . – e(ºdri gi‡F) {Sti¾d) smiri[h}
aiy< Fm<k) uºn(t hi[ es(lE m[r[ j]s[ an[k Fmi<d[Sk {t_vX} hmir[ d[Sm>[ uRpºn hi[ni ci(hE .
Ek Äy(±t oiri yh kiy< (sÛ hi[ sk[ E[si nh)>. (fr B) m[r) b&(Û ai]r sim¸y< k[ an&k*l ji[ (dxi m]>n[
l) h], eski[ p*N< k$>*gi, E[si s>kÃp (kyi h] . sv<#i aiy< smijk) AYipni hi[, m*(t<p*ji ai(d d&K)
aicrN kh)> B) n hi[, v[dSiA#ii[> ki aµCi aY< p\ki(St hi[> ai]r usk[ an&k*l aicrN hi[ kr d[Sk)
uºn(t hi[>, E[s) h) e<Ævrki[ m[r) p\iY<ni h]. esk[ upriºt m>]n[ ji[ pri[pkir krn[ ki (nV|y (kyi h], vh jb
tk bn[gi aij)vn ai]r jºm jºmi>tr B) m]> krti rh‡*gi .
mh(P< dyin>d
3
{4 agAt 1875, p&ni}
p\S(At vcn
dyinºd srAvt) m&¶jdr drv)S {p(v#i p&@P} Y[ . K&dik[ n[k b>d[ Y[ . n[k b>diai[>ki[ d&(nyi hm[Si
stit) rht) h] . ai[h ? elih) ? dyin>d j]s[ ai[(lyiki[ d&(nyin[ stiyi . yi aÃlih ? afsi[s
- mi]lv) emdid al)
m]> jhi‡, jhi‡ gmn krti h‡* . vhi‡ vhi‡ m&z[ mh(P< dyin>dk[ crNir(v>d
Ø(OTgi[cr hi[t[ h>]. - mhip&@P gi>F)j)
dyin>d etn[ mhin Y[ (k unk) sminti kr sk[ E[si ki[e< nh)>. unk) mZRy&ki Si[k h] (k E[s[
a(ot)y minv (vdiy h&E . v[ etn[ uRkZOT Y[ (k sv<#i p*¶y Y[ .
- sr s]yd ahmdKin
ã(Oi dyin>d smg\ (vÆv k[ b>F& Y[ . unki minv p\[m siv<Bi]m Yi .
- mi]lini jh&r bx
dyin>dj)k[ bir[ m[> hm (jtni gi]rv l[>g[ etni km h]. unki m&birk nim smAt jgtm[> hm[Si
u¶jvl rh[gi .
- Kd)ji b[gm
ã(P dyinºdn[ Birtm[> ji[ s&Fir btiy[ h]>, v[ aRy>t a(t aivÆyk ai]r u(ct Y[ .
- aigi mh>md sfdr
dyin>d k[ nim pr hm[> fk| {a(Bmin} h] .
- mi]lini a¾d&l bi(r
Avri¶y k[ (lE sbs[ aig[ aiy< smij) m]dinm[> aiy[> . eski ~[y dyin>dki[ jiti h].
- mi]lini hjrt mi[hin)
mh(P< dyinºd ki Äyvhir unk[ j)vnkil py<>t m&slmini[> k[ siY p\[mBri h) rhi ai]r m&slmini[>n[
utni h) p\[m dyin>dj) ki[ (dyi Yi .
{4 agAt 1875, p&ni}
p\S(At vcn
dyinºd srAvt) m&¶jdr drv)S {p(v#i p&@P} Y[ . K&dik[ n[k b>d[ Y[ . n[k b>diai[>ki[ d&(nyi hm[Si
stit) rht) h] . ai[h ? elih) ? dyin>d j]s[ ai[(lyiki[ d&(nyin[ stiyi . yi aÃlih ? afsi[s
- mi]lv) emdid al)
m]> jhi‡, jhi‡ gmn krti h‡* . vhi‡ vhi‡ m&z[ mh(P< dyin>dk[ crNir(v>d
Ø(OTgi[cr hi[t[ h>]. - mhip&@P gi>F)j)
dyin>d etn[ mhin Y[ (k unk) sminti kr sk[ E[si ki[e< nh)>. unk) mZRy&ki Si[k h] (k E[s[
a(ot)y minv (vdiy h&E . v[ etn[ uRkZOT Y[ (k sv<#i p*¶y Y[ .
- sr s]yd ahmdKin
ã(Oi dyin>d smg\ (vÆv k[ b>F& Y[ . unki minv p\[m siv<Bi]m Yi .
- mi]lini jh&r bx
dyin>dj)k[ bir[ m[> hm (jtni gi]rv l[>g[ etni km h]. unki m&birk nim smAt jgtm[> hm[Si
u¶jvl rh[gi .
- Kd)ji b[gm
ã(P dyinºdn[ Birtm[> ji[ s&Fir btiy[ h]>, v[ aRy>t a(t aivÆyk ai]r u(ct Y[ .
- aigi mh>md sfdr
dyin>d k[ nim pr hm[> fk| {a(Bmin} h] .
- mi]lini a¾d&l bi(r
Avri¶y k[ (lE sbs[ aig[ aiy< smij) m]dinm[> aiy[> . eski ~[y dyin>dki[ jiti h].
- mi]lini hjrt mi[hin)
mh(P< dyinºd ki Äyvhir unk[ j)vnkil py<>t m&slmini[> k[ siY p\[mBri h) rhi ai]r m&slmini[>n[
utni h) p\[m dyin>dj) ki[ (dyi Yi .
4
- (mji< yik&b b[g
h[ K&di ! hm hmir[ aipsk[ B[d d*r kr[ y[ ±yi m>j*r nh)> Yi . hm hmir[ aipsk[ B[d d*r kr[> v[ ±yi
m>j*r nh)> Yi ? hm sb h[ K&di ! t&ms[ (ktn[ d*r cl[ gE Y[ ? ã(P dyin>d, v[ E[s[ f(rAt[ Y[ (k t&Àhir[
siY hm sbki[ Ek s*#im[> bi‡Fni ciht[ Y[ .
- rh)mjfi sfirv)
hmiri kt<Äy h] (k mh(P< dyin>dn[ ji[ p\bi[F (dyi h] esk[ mig< pr clni ci(hE ai]r j)vnki[ sfl
bnini ci(hE . dyin>dki p\id&Bi<v riOT^k[ E[s[ smym[> h&ai h] (k jb hm[> E[s[ riOT^p&@Pk) j@rt Y) .
uºhi[>n[ hm[> bi[F (dyi (k sµci Fm< vh) h] ji[ minv mi#i k[ kÃyiN k[ (lE hi[ ai]r smijm[> Ekti p]di hi[
.
- B*‘p*‘riOT^ p\m&K fkr&d`)n al) Ehmd
Birtm[> jb By>kr a>Fkir Äyi¼t Yi, minv minv ki d&Æmn Yi . a>F(vÆvis ai]r b&rieyi[>s[ smij
jkDi h&ai Yi tb mh(P< dyin>dki p\id&Bi<v h&ai .
- S[K abd&Ãli
dyin>d K&die< (Kdmtgir Y[ . hmir[ x&W mtB[d d*r krk[ hm[> Ek krni ciht[ Y[ . aÃlihk[> ri¶ym[>
hm sb Ek h] E[si sminti ai]r BitZBiv ki K&die< s>d[S uºhi[>n[ d)yi .
- mi[h&s&dn Ehmd
mh(P< dyin>dn[ d[Sm[> nir) ud`Gir ai]r uRYin k[ (lE pY p\dS<k k[ @p m[> kiy< (kyi .
- n@ld)n hsn
mh(P< dyin>dn[ g&lim) k[ y&gm[> simi(jk a>F(vÆvisi[ k[ simn[ (vWi[hki ¹vj uqikr ap*v<
sih(skti p(rcy hm[> kriyi .
- n@d) Ehmd
Avim) dyin>dj)n[ BirtvP<k[ (lE am*Ãy kiy< (kyi . (jss[ v[di>t) m&slmin sbki[ liB h&ai .
BirtvP<k[ riOT^(nmi<>N m[> mh(P< dyin>d n[ bh&t mh_v ki kiy< Yi .
- p)r mh>md m&nS)
- (mji< yik&b b[g
h[ K&di ! hm hmir[ aipsk[ B[d d*r kr[ y[ ±yi m>j*r nh)> Yi . hm hmir[ aipsk[ B[d d*r kr[> v[ ±yi
m>j*r nh)> Yi ? hm sb h[ K&di ! t&ms[ (ktn[ d*r cl[ gE Y[ ? ã(P dyin>d, v[ E[s[ f(rAt[ Y[ (k t&Àhir[
siY hm sbki[ Ek s*#im[> bi‡Fni ciht[ Y[ .
- rh)mjfi sfirv)
hmiri kt<Äy h] (k mh(P< dyin>dn[ ji[ p\bi[F (dyi h] esk[ mig< pr clni ci(hE ai]r j)vnki[ sfl
bnini ci(hE . dyin>dki p\id&Bi<v riOT^k[ E[s[ smym[> h&ai h] (k jb hm[> E[s[ riOT^p&@Pk) j@rt Y) .
uºhi[>n[ hm[> bi[F (dyi (k sµci Fm< vh) h] ji[ minv mi#i k[ kÃyiN k[ (lE hi[ ai]r smijm[> Ekti p]di hi[
.
- B*‘p*‘riOT^ p\m&K fkr&d`)n al) Ehmd
Birtm[> jb By>kr a>Fkir Äyi¼t Yi, minv minv ki d&Æmn Yi . a>F(vÆvis ai]r b&rieyi[>s[ smij
jkDi h&ai Yi tb mh(P< dyin>dki p\id&Bi<v h&ai .
- S[K abd&Ãli
dyin>d K&die< (Kdmtgir Y[ . hmir[ x&W mtB[d d*r krk[ hm[> Ek krni ciht[ Y[ . aÃlihk[> ri¶ym[>
hm sb Ek h] E[si sminti ai]r BitZBiv ki K&die< s>d[S uºhi[>n[ d)yi .
- mi[h&s&dn Ehmd
mh(P< dyin>dn[ d[Sm[> nir) ud`Gir ai]r uRYin k[ (lE pY p\dS<k k[ @p m[> kiy< (kyi .
- n@ld)n hsn
mh(P< dyin>dn[ g&lim) k[ y&gm[> simi(jk a>F(vÆvisi[ k[ simn[ (vWi[hki ¹vj uqikr ap*v<
sih(skti p(rcy hm[> kriyi .
- n@d) Ehmd
Avim) dyin>dj)n[ BirtvP<k[ (lE am*Ãy kiy< (kyi . (jss[ v[di>t) m&slmin sbki[ liB h&ai .
BirtvP<k[ riOT^(nmi<>N m[> mh(P< dyin>d n[ bh&t mh_v ki kiy< Yi .
- p)r mh>md m&nS)
5
dyin>d mhin vl) mhin p(v#i Y[ . riOT^ (jn s(dyi[> s[ ghr) (nWim[> si[ti Yi uski[ dyin>dn[ jgiyi .
yh afsi[s h] (k, unki[ jhr (dyi gyi . t&m v[di>t) hi[ (k m&slmin eºsifs[ bi[li (k mh(P< dyinºd
hm sbk[ pY p\dS<k Y[ . m]> di[ hiY ji[Dkr unki[ p\Nim krti h‡* .
- rh)m bx
dyin>d p&@P(s>h Y[ . hm[> jb BirtvP< k[ (lE si[cni hi[gi tb dyinºd nims[ h) p\Ym S&@ait krn)
hi[g) . dyin>dn[ BirtvP<k[ S(±tS*ºy Sr)rs[ apn) ami[G S(±t, a(vclti ai]r prik|m Br (dyi .
riOT^)y Bivni ai]r jigZ(tk) p\vltm`` S(±t dyin>d Y[ .
- ri[mi ri[li>
(m¸yi (vÆvisi[ (vr&Û dyin>dn[ BirtvP<k[ ki[n[ ki[n[m[> B\mN (kyi . jhi‡ v[ jit[ Y[ vhi‡ jnsm*h
uBrti Yi . a>F(vÆvisk) jgh tk<, a(vwik) jgh (vXin ai]r o[P k[ simn[ (m#iti ai]r b>F&ti, b]r k)
jgh smtiki upd[S d[t[ rh[ .
- m[Dm ±l[v[T`Ak)
BirtvP< k[ si>AkZ(tk ai]r riOT^)y jigrNm[> p\bltm S(kt dyin>d Y[.
- EmS<n
ã(P dyin>d ki avtir sb b>Fn ti[Dkr smAt minv jit ki[ m&kt krn[ ki Yi.
- pi[l (rcD<
mh(P< dyin>d ki Avri¶y ai>di[lnk[ (nmi<N kti< k[ $pm[> Av)kir hi[ni ci(hE. mh(P< dyin>d Birt
vP< k[ mhin k)(t< At>B Y[.
- g\)s bi[¾D
mh(P< dyin>d sRyiY<m[> jgd`g&$ Y[.
- fi[±s p)T
Avim) dyin>d gi]rv $p Y[. (vriT ai]r ~[Oq Y[.
- E‘ ai[‘ hy&m
mh(P< dyin>d minvtik[ mhin ¶yi[(tF<r Y[.
- Es‘ D)‘ ATi[ks
dyin>d mhin vl) mhin p(v#i Y[ . riOT^ (jn s(dyi[> s[ ghr) (nWim[> si[ti Yi uski[ dyin>dn[ jgiyi .
yh afsi[s h] (k, unki[ jhr (dyi gyi . t&m v[di>t) hi[ (k m&slmin eºsifs[ bi[li (k mh(P< dyinºd
hm sbk[ pY p\dS<k Y[ . m]> di[ hiY ji[Dkr unki[ p\Nim krti h‡* .
- rh)m bx
dyin>d p&@P(s>h Y[ . hm[> jb BirtvP< k[ (lE si[cni hi[gi tb dyinºd nims[ h) p\Ym S&@ait krn)
hi[g) . dyin>dn[ BirtvP<k[ S(±tS*ºy Sr)rs[ apn) ami[G S(±t, a(vclti ai]r prik|m Br (dyi .
riOT^)y Bivni ai]r jigZ(tk) p\vltm`` S(±t dyin>d Y[ .
- ri[mi ri[li>
(m¸yi (vÆvisi[ (vr&Û dyin>dn[ BirtvP<k[ ki[n[ ki[n[m[> B\mN (kyi . jhi‡ v[ jit[ Y[ vhi‡ jnsm*h
uBrti Yi . a>F(vÆvisk) jgh tk<, a(vwik) jgh (vXin ai]r o[P k[ simn[ (m#iti ai]r b>F&ti, b]r k)
jgh smtiki upd[S d[t[ rh[ .
- m[Dm ±l[v[T`Ak)
BirtvP< k[ si>AkZ(tk ai]r riOT^)y jigrNm[> p\bltm S(kt dyin>d Y[.
- EmS<n
ã(P dyin>d ki avtir sb b>Fn ti[Dkr smAt minv jit ki[ m&kt krn[ ki Yi.
- pi[l (rcD<
mh(P< dyin>d ki Avri¶y ai>di[lnk[ (nmi<N kti< k[ $pm[> Av)kir hi[ni ci(hE. mh(P< dyin>d Birt
vP< k[ mhin k)(t< At>B Y[.
- g\)s bi[¾D
mh(P< dyin>d sRyiY<m[> jgd`g&$ Y[.
- fi[±s p)T
Avim) dyin>d gi]rv $p Y[. (vriT ai]r ~[Oq Y[.
- E‘ ai[‘ hy&m
mh(P< dyin>d minvtik[ mhin ¶yi[(tF<r Y[.
- Es‘ D)‘ ATi[ks
6
mh(P< dyin>d apn[ (lE m&(±t ciht[ n Y[. unk[ oiri p\SAt mig< pr clkr d[Sk) s[vi hm kr[>g[.
d[Ski[ uºnt bniE<>g[.
- ~)m(t e(ºdri gi>F)
d[Sm[> p\g(tvid) p\vih sbs[ phl[ bnin[vil[ mh(P< dyin>d Y[.
- p>(Dt jvihrlil n[h$
mh(P< dyin>d Avri¶y ai]r Avd[S) k[ sbs[ phl[ s>d[S vihk Y[.
- li[k miºy t)lk
agr riOT^mhip&$P gi>F)j) Y[, tb mh(P< dyin>d B) riOT^ mhip&$P Y[.
- an>t Synm aiy>gr
mh(P< dyin>d Avit>#y s>g\imk[ sbs[ phl[ yi[Ûi Y[.
- v)r sivrkr
mh(P< dyin>d mhin riOT^(nmi<ti Y[.
- n[tij) s&BiPc>W bi[j
mh(P< dyin>d mhin tpi[m*(t< Y[. uºhi[>n[ (dÄy ¶yi[(tki p\kiS f]liyi.
- p>(Dt mdnmi[hn mil(vyij)
mh(P< dyin>d mhin ki\>(tkir) mhip&$P Y[. unk[ ñdym[> simi(jk aºyi[> ki[ m*ls[ (nkiln[ ki p\c>D
a(³n p(d¼t Yi.
- Di<‘ sv<pÃl) riGikZON
mh(P< dyin>d n[
1875 m[> aiy<smijk) AYipni k), ji[ Ek ai(Atk smij h]. dyin>d v[di[> ki[
(nB\i<ºt e<Åvr)y Xin mint[ h]. aiy<smijki v]Xi(nk mºtÄy h] (k e<Åvr sv< (vwiki ai(dm*l h]. vh
s(µcdin>d Av$p, sv< S(±tmin, ºyiykir), dyil&, ajºmi, an>t, (nrikir, sv<X, sv<Äyipk ai]r (nRy
h]. Ek mi#i usk) h) upisni krn) ci(hE. v[d sv<(vwiai[>ki g\>Y h]. - En sie±li[(pD)yi ai[f (r(ljºs
pZOq –
179
mh(P< dyin>d apn[ (lE m&(±t ciht[ n Y[. unk[ oiri p\SAt mig< pr clkr d[Sk) s[vi hm kr[>g[.
d[Ski[ uºnt bniE<>g[.
- ~)m(t e(ºdri gi>F)
d[Sm[> p\g(tvid) p\vih sbs[ phl[ bnin[vil[ mh(P< dyin>d Y[.
- p>(Dt jvihrlil n[h$
mh(P< dyin>d Avri¶y ai]r Avd[S) k[ sbs[ phl[ s>d[S vihk Y[.
- li[k miºy t)lk
agr riOT^mhip&$P gi>F)j) Y[, tb mh(P< dyin>d B) riOT^ mhip&$P Y[.
- an>t Synm aiy>gr
mh(P< dyin>d Avit>#y s>g\imk[ sbs[ phl[ yi[Ûi Y[.
- v)r sivrkr
mh(P< dyin>d mhin riOT^(nmi<ti Y[.
- n[tij) s&BiPc>W bi[j
mh(P< dyin>d mhin tpi[m*(t< Y[. uºhi[>n[ (dÄy ¶yi[(tki p\kiS f]liyi.
- p>(Dt mdnmi[hn mil(vyij)
mh(P< dyin>d mhin ki\>(tkir) mhip&$P Y[. unk[ ñdym[> simi(jk aºyi[> ki[ m*ls[ (nkiln[ ki p\c>D
a(³n p(d¼t Yi.
- Di<‘ sv<pÃl) riGikZON
mh(P< dyin>d n[
1875 m[> aiy<smijk) AYipni k), ji[ Ek ai(Atk smij h]. dyin>d v[di[> ki[
(nB\i<ºt e<Åvr)y Xin mint[ h]. aiy<smijki v]Xi(nk mºtÄy h] (k e<Åvr sv< (vwiki ai(dm*l h]. vh
s(µcdin>d Av$p, sv< S(±tmin, ºyiykir), dyil&, ajºmi, an>t, (nrikir, sv<X, sv<Äyipk ai]r (nRy
h]. Ek mi#i usk) h) upisni krn) ci(hE. v[d sv<(vwiai[>ki g\>Y h]. - En sie±li[(pD)yi ai[f (r(ljºs
pZOq –
179
7
p\jiki aiy<smijk[ p\(t aikP<N k[ (nÀn kirN –
1. v[di[>k) p&n: p\(tOqi
2. Ek prmiRmik) p*ji
3. v[di[>k) api]$P[yti
4. jºmgt jit-pitki K>Dn
5. d(lti[Ûir
6. smijs[vi
7. apn[ p\yRn s[ hr[k mn&Oy ki[ a(Gkiris[[ a(Fk uºnt krn[ k) Bivni
8. Birt- (sf< BirtvP<>k[ li[gi[> ki h], E[s) sbs[ phl[ Gi[PNi
9. d[SB(±tk) Bivni
dyin>d srAvt)ki v]ci(rk upd[S
1. v]ci(rk k|i>(t – hmir[ ã(P-m&(nai[>n[ 'Fm<piln" k) v]ci(rk ki\>(t p]di k). (jss[ aiyi<[>ki
nvvP< aYi<t` nvK>D pr Sisn Yi. kil< mik<s nimk smijSiA#i)n[ smijvid {s>p(t pr
riOT^k[ sB) li[gi[>ki smin a(Fkir} k) v]ci(rk k\i>(tki ai(vBi<v (kyi. v]ci(rk k\i>(t
(vwik[ (v(vF x[#ii[>m[ hi[t) rht) h]. Avim) (vv[kin>dn[ v]ci(rk k\i\>(tki p\ir>B (kyi. mhin&Bivi[>n[
unk[ (lE ji[ pS(At vcn (lK[ h>], yh mh(P< (vv[kin>dk) v]ci(rk k|i>>(t k[ wi[tk h]. BirtvP<
k[ li[gi[>m[ v]ci(rk k|i>(t oiri jig\(t p]di k).
a>g\ji[>n[ e<‘ s‘
1757 m[ BirtvP< pr Sisn ki p\ir>B (kyi. e<‘ s‘
1857 m[ sir[ Birtpr Sisn Yi[p kr, Sti¾d) smiri[h mniyi. zi>s) k) riN) lÈm)bie< ai]r
bhid&rSih jfr apn) s_ii a>g\ji[>ki[ d[n[ (lE rij) nh)> Y[. (vWi[hki bhini btirkr a>g\[ji[n[
rin) lÈm)bie< k) Cl-kpTs[ (nm<m hRyi k). bhid&rSihjfr ki[ r>g&n j[lm[> B[j (dyi ai]r
usk[ sB) p&#ii[> ki[ fi>s) d[ d).
dyi>nd srAvt)n[ BirtvP< k[ li[gi[> m[> E[s) riOT^vid) k|i>(t p]di k). a>g[\j 'yivit` c>d|
(dvikri] ." BirtvP< pr Sisn krni ciht[ Y[, es(lE 'riOT^vid)" (vcir k|i>(tk[ (vri[F krt[ Y[.
m[r[ an&min s[ a>g\ji>[n[ Cl-kpT s[ mh(P< dyin>dki[ (vP d[kr mir Dili. a>g\ji[>k[ (nm<m krt*ti[>
p\jiki aiy<smijk[ p\(t aikP<N k[ (nÀn kirN –
1. v[di[>k) p&n: p\(tOqi
2. Ek prmiRmik) p*ji
3. v[di[>k) api]$P[yti
4. jºmgt jit-pitki K>Dn
5. d(lti[Ûir
6. smijs[vi
7. apn[ p\yRn s[ hr[k mn&Oy ki[ a(Gkiris[[ a(Fk uºnt krn[ k) Bivni
8. Birt- (sf< BirtvP<>k[ li[gi[> ki h], E[s) sbs[ phl[ Gi[PNi
9. d[SB(±tk) Bivni
dyin>d srAvt)ki v]ci(rk upd[S
1. v]ci(rk k|i>(t – hmir[ ã(P-m&(nai[>n[ 'Fm<piln" k) v]ci(rk ki\>(t p]di k). (jss[ aiyi<[>ki
nvvP< aYi<t` nvK>D pr Sisn Yi. kil< mik<s nimk smijSiA#i)n[ smijvid {s>p(t pr
riOT^k[ sB) li[gi[>ki smin a(Fkir} k) v]ci(rk k\i>(tki ai(vBi<v (kyi. v]ci(rk k\i>(t
(vwik[ (v(vF x[#ii[>m[ hi[t) rht) h]. Avim) (vv[kin>dn[ v]ci(rk k\i\>(tki p\ir>B (kyi. mhin&Bivi[>n[
unk[ (lE ji[ pS(At vcn (lK[ h>], yh mh(P< (vv[kin>dk) v]ci(rk k|i>>(t k[ wi[tk h]. BirtvP<
k[ li[gi[>m[ v]ci(rk k|i>(t oiri jig\(t p]di k).
a>g\ji[>n[ e<‘ s‘
1757 m[ BirtvP< pr Sisn ki p\ir>B (kyi. e<‘ s‘
1857 m[ sir[ Birtpr Sisn Yi[p kr, Sti¾d) smiri[h mniyi. zi>s) k) riN) lÈm)bie< ai]r
bhid&rSih jfr apn) s_ii a>g\ji[>ki[ d[n[ (lE rij) nh)> Y[. (vWi[hki bhini btirkr a>g\[ji[n[
rin) lÈm)bie< k) Cl-kpTs[ (nm<m hRyi k). bhid&rSihjfr ki[ r>g&n j[lm[> B[j (dyi ai]r
usk[ sB) p&#ii[> ki[ fi>s) d[ d).
dyi>nd srAvt)n[ BirtvP< k[ li[gi[> m[> E[s) riOT^vid) k|i>(t p]di k). a>g[\j 'yivit` c>d|
(dvikri] ." BirtvP< pr Sisn krni ciht[ Y[, es(lE 'riOT^vid)" (vcir k|i>(tk[ (vri[F krt[ Y[.
m[r[ an&min s[ a>g\ji>[n[ Cl-kpT s[ mh(P< dyin>dki[ (vP d[kr mir Dili. a>g\ji[>k[ (nm<m krt*ti[>
8
ki[ (Cpin[vil[ an[k d[Sd|i[h) li[g Avit>#yk[ bid B) (k\yiS)l h>] . j]s[ e<‘ s‘ 1857 GTni ki[
(vWi[h yi p\Ym Avit>#y s>g\im khi jiti h], yh srisr z*q h]. viAtvm[> sir[ Birtpr Sisn
krn[k[ (lE ai]r Sti¾d) smiri[h mnin[ ki yh a>g[\ji[ki Cl-kpT {
Conspiracy} Yi .
{k} Ek[Åvrvid – Avim) (sf< prmiRmi yi prm[Åvrk) p*jik[ pxFr Y[. v[ an[k d[vd[(vyi[>k)
p*jiki (vri[F krt[ Y[. m&slmin Ek[Åvr vidki[ ps>d krt[ Y[, es(lE m&slmin (voini[>n[ mh(P<
dyin>d k[ (lE p\S>si vi±y (lK[ h>].
{K} a>F(vÅvisi[>ki (vri[F – dyin>d srAvt)k[ smy m[> a>F(vÅvisi[>ki sim\i¶y Yi.
{1} Äy(ktk) mZRy&k[ bid usk) aiRmi B*t-p\[t bnt) h].
{2} B*t-p\[t Sr)rm[> p\v[Skr Äy(ktki[ (bmir krt) h] ai]r mir Dilt) h].
{3} t>#i-m>#i oiri, minv, pS&-px)ki b(ldin d[kr B*t-p\[t (ny>(#it (kyi jiti h] ai]r Sr)r s[ bihr
(nkili ji skti h].
{4} Kis krk[ k&C (A#iyi<> Dik)n) h] E[si smijm[> Fi[(Pt (kyi jiti Yi ai]r uºh[> mir (dyi jiti Yi.
{5} d[v-d[v)yi‡ki[ K&S krn[ k[ (lE minv, pS&-px)ki hr vP< ai]r p\s>gk[ an&$p b(ldin (dyi jiti
Yi.
{6} m*(tyi<>k[ aig[ km<ki>D hi[ti Yi. minv, pS&-px)ki b(ldin apn[ h[t& (sÛ krn[ k[ (lE (dyi jiti
Yi.
{7} (vFvi-(vvih (trAkZt Yi.
{8} sir) (j>dg) pip krn[ k[ bid g>gi-Anin krn[ s[ sB) pip nOT hi[ jit[ h>].
{9} p(v#i AYli>[k) yi#ii krk[ si[ni, ci>d), jvihrit ap<N krn[ s[ p&·y (mlti h] ai]r pip nOT hi[t[ h]>.
{10} kºyi (vk\y ai]r vr (vk\y hi[ti Yi.
{11} an[k d[v- d[(vyi[>k) p*ji hi[t) Y).
{12} m*(t< p*jik[ smy minv, pS&-px)ki b(ldin (dyi jiti Yi.
{13} mZRy&k[ bid ymk[ drbirm>[ pip- p&·yki l[Ki-ji[Ki hi[kr Avg< yi nrm (mlti h].
{15}
84 liK jºmck\ k[ bid minv j)vn pi\¼t hi[ti h].
{16} aiRmi kB) mrt) nh)> h]. es aiRmi p&n:jºm l[t) h].
ki[ (Cpin[vil[ an[k d[Sd|i[h) li[g Avit>#yk[ bid B) (k\yiS)l h>] . j]s[ e<‘ s‘ 1857 GTni ki[
(vWi[h yi p\Ym Avit>#y s>g\im khi jiti h], yh srisr z*q h]. viAtvm[> sir[ Birtpr Sisn
krn[k[ (lE ai]r Sti¾d) smiri[h mnin[ ki yh a>g[\ji[ki Cl-kpT {
Conspiracy} Yi .
{k} Ek[Åvrvid – Avim) (sf< prmiRmi yi prm[Åvrk) p*jik[ pxFr Y[. v[ an[k d[vd[(vyi[>k)
p*jiki (vri[F krt[ Y[. m&slmin Ek[Åvr vidki[ ps>d krt[ Y[, es(lE m&slmin (voini[>n[ mh(P<
dyin>d k[ (lE p\S>si vi±y (lK[ h>].
{K} a>F(vÅvisi[>ki (vri[F – dyin>d srAvt)k[ smy m[> a>F(vÅvisi[>ki sim\i¶y Yi.
{1} Äy(ktk) mZRy&k[ bid usk) aiRmi B*t-p\[t bnt) h].
{2} B*t-p\[t Sr)rm[> p\v[Skr Äy(ktki[ (bmir krt) h] ai]r mir Dilt) h].
{3} t>#i-m>#i oiri, minv, pS&-px)ki b(ldin d[kr B*t-p\[t (ny>(#it (kyi jiti h] ai]r Sr)r s[ bihr
(nkili ji skti h].
{4} Kis krk[ k&C (A#iyi<> Dik)n) h] E[si smijm[> Fi[(Pt (kyi jiti Yi ai]r uºh[> mir (dyi jiti Yi.
{5} d[v-d[v)yi‡ki[ K&S krn[ k[ (lE minv, pS&-px)ki hr vP< ai]r p\s>gk[ an&$p b(ldin (dyi jiti
Yi.
{6} m*(tyi<>k[ aig[ km<ki>D hi[ti Yi. minv, pS&-px)ki b(ldin apn[ h[t& (sÛ krn[ k[ (lE (dyi jiti
Yi.
{7} (vFvi-(vvih (trAkZt Yi.
{8} sir) (j>dg) pip krn[ k[ bid g>gi-Anin krn[ s[ sB) pip nOT hi[ jit[ h>].
{9} p(v#i AYli>[k) yi#ii krk[ si[ni, ci>d), jvihrit ap<N krn[ s[ p&·y (mlti h] ai]r pip nOT hi[t[ h]>.
{10} kºyi (vk\y ai]r vr (vk\y hi[ti Yi.
{11} an[k d[v- d[(vyi[>k) p*ji hi[t) Y).
{12} m*(t< p*jik[ smy minv, pS&-px)ki b(ldin (dyi jiti Yi.
{13} mZRy&k[ bid ymk[ drbirm>[ pip- p&·yki l[Ki-ji[Ki hi[kr Avg< yi nrm (mlti h].
{15}
84 liK jºmck\ k[ bid minv j)vn pi\¼t hi[ti h].
{16} aiRmi kB) mrt) nh)> h]. es aiRmi p&n:jºm l[t) h].
9
aiy< smijm[> upy&<±t a>F(vÅvisi[>ki[ d*r krn[ k[ (lE mh(P< dyin><dn[ v]ci(rk k|i>(t p]di k). es
kiy<ki[ aig[ bQin[ k[ (lE uºhi>[n[ 'aiy<smij" k) AYipni k).
{g} A#i)-sºmin –unk[ smym[> (A#iyi<> upBi[g k) c)j mini jiti Yi. p&@P-p\Fin smijm[> (A#iyi<> pr
aRyicir hi[t[ Y[. p&$Pk) eµCi Ek s[ a(Fk (A#iyi<> p\i(¼t k[ $pm>[ rK) jit) Y). p&$P k)
eµCis[ Grs[ pRn)ki[ (nkil (dyi jiti Yi. us A#i)k[ BrN pi[PNki ki[e< eºtjim nh)> (kyi jiti
Yi. p&$Pk) eµCis[ pRn)ki[ mir (dyi jiti Yi. (vFvi bnn[ pr sir) (j>dg) v]FÄy shni pDti
Yi. mh(P< dyin>d n[ A#i) sÀmin krn[ ki upd[S (dyi. (vwvi (vvih krn[ k[ (lE uºhi[>n[ v[di[> ai]r
mn&AmZ(t s[ udihrN p\At&t (ky[. (A#iyi>[ k[ p\(t A#i)di(x·y p\kT krn[ ki upd[S (dyi/ A#i)ki[
d[v)ki Av$p btiyi ai]r p*¶yi btiyi.
{G} si>p\di(yk E[±y – mh(P< dyin>d k[ smy m[> eAlim, (K\At), s>p\diy Y[. v[di>t s>AkZ(t ki nimi[
(nSin nh)> Yi. j]n, bi]¹o, S]v, v]ONv ai]r Si±t s>p\diy p\Biv) Y[. en s>p\diyi[ m[> km<ki>D
Äyi¼t Yi. mh(P< dyin>dn[ aiy< (vcir Firi ji[ v[di[> m[> a(BÄy±t Y) ; eski an&mi[dn (kyi ai]r
p\cir - p\sir (kyi. sB) (vcir Firiai[[m[> yi (c>tn m[> aiyi[<ki 'Fm<piln" (c>tn smin h] E[si
uºhi[>n[ p\(tpidn (kyi. prmiRmi Ek h] ai]r sB) (vcirFiriai[m[> ai][r (c>tn m[> prmiRmi h) Äyi¼t h]
E[si mh(P< dyin>d n[ upd[S (dyi ai]r E±ti p\AYi(pt krn[ ki p\yRn (kyi.
{D} simi(jk k|i>(t – aiy< smij n[ jºmgt jit –pit, C*ti C*t, bil(vvih, prdip\Yi, dh[j, ai(dki
(vri[F (kyi. a>t: Xi(t (vvih, (vFvi (vvih, A#i) (vwi, (vd[Syi#ii, ai(d p\(tb>Fi[ki (vri[F
(kyi/ BirtvP< k[ (v(vF p\d[Si>[ k[> smiji[>m[> E±ti p]di krn[[ ki kiy< aiy<smij n[ (kyi.
m&slmini[> ki[ Àl[µC kh kr unk[ pin), Kin-pin, krn[ s[ Äy(±t m&slmin bn jiti h]
yh miºyti d*r krn[ ki aiy< smijn[ p\yRn (kyi. mh(P< dyin>dn[ BirtvP< k[ li[gi[>ki[ m&slmini[>
k[ siY E[±y krk[ k`|*r a>g\[j Sisnki[ d*r krn[ ki p\yis (kyi.
BirtvP< k[ li[gi[>ki[ giy j]s[ gr)b ai]r sbk) SrN mi>gn[vil[ btikr unk) (KÃl)
uDiy) jit) Y). mh(P< dyin>d n[ BirtvP< k[ p\ic)n smy k[ aiyi[<ki p\B*Rv (fr s[ FirN krn[
ki upd[S (dyi. BirtvP< k[ li[g giy j]s[ nh)> (kºt& S[r j]s[ h]; E[si p\(tpidn krn[ k[ (lE
aiy< smijk) AYipni k).
aiy< smijm[> upy&<±t a>F(vÅvisi[>ki[ d*r krn[ k[ (lE mh(P< dyin><dn[ v]ci(rk k|i>(t p]di k). es
kiy<ki[ aig[ bQin[ k[ (lE uºhi>[n[ 'aiy<smij" k) AYipni k).
{g} A#i)-sºmin –unk[ smym[> (A#iyi<> upBi[g k) c)j mini jiti Yi. p&@P-p\Fin smijm[> (A#iyi<> pr
aRyicir hi[t[ Y[. p&$Pk) eµCi Ek s[ a(Fk (A#iyi<> p\i(¼t k[ $pm>[ rK) jit) Y). p&$P k)
eµCis[ Grs[ pRn)ki[ (nkil (dyi jiti Yi. us A#i)k[ BrN pi[PNki ki[e< eºtjim nh)> (kyi jiti
Yi. p&$Pk) eµCis[ pRn)ki[ mir (dyi jiti Yi. (vFvi bnn[ pr sir) (j>dg) v]FÄy shni pDti
Yi. mh(P< dyin>d n[ A#i) sÀmin krn[ ki upd[S (dyi. (vwvi (vvih krn[ k[ (lE uºhi[>n[ v[di[> ai]r
mn&AmZ(t s[ udihrN p\At&t (ky[. (A#iyi>[ k[ p\(t A#i)di(x·y p\kT krn[ ki upd[S (dyi/ A#i)ki[
d[v)ki Av$p btiyi ai]r p*¶yi btiyi.
{G} si>p\di(yk E[±y – mh(P< dyin>d k[ smy m[> eAlim, (K\At), s>p\diy Y[. v[di>t s>AkZ(t ki nimi[
(nSin nh)> Yi. j]n, bi]¹o, S]v, v]ONv ai]r Si±t s>p\diy p\Biv) Y[. en s>p\diyi[ m[> km<ki>D
Äyi¼t Yi. mh(P< dyin>dn[ aiy< (vcir Firi ji[ v[di[> m[> a(BÄy±t Y) ; eski an&mi[dn (kyi ai]r
p\cir - p\sir (kyi. sB) (vcir Firiai[[m[> yi (c>tn m[> aiyi[<ki 'Fm<piln" (c>tn smin h] E[si
uºhi[>n[ p\(tpidn (kyi. prmiRmi Ek h] ai]r sB) (vcirFiriai[m[> ai][r (c>tn m[> prmiRmi h) Äyi¼t h]
E[si mh(P< dyin>d n[ upd[S (dyi ai]r E±ti p\AYi(pt krn[ ki p\yRn (kyi.
{D} simi(jk k|i>(t – aiy< smij n[ jºmgt jit –pit, C*ti C*t, bil(vvih, prdip\Yi, dh[j, ai(dki
(vri[F (kyi. a>t: Xi(t (vvih, (vFvi (vvih, A#i) (vwi, (vd[Syi#ii, ai(d p\(tb>Fi[ki (vri[F
(kyi/ BirtvP< k[ (v(vF p\d[Si>[ k[> smiji[>m[> E±ti p]di krn[[ ki kiy< aiy<smij n[ (kyi.
m&slmini[> ki[ Àl[µC kh kr unk[ pin), Kin-pin, krn[ s[ Äy(±t m&slmin bn jiti h]
yh miºyti d*r krn[ ki aiy< smijn[ p\yRn (kyi. mh(P< dyin>dn[ BirtvP< k[ li[gi[>ki[ m&slmini[>
k[ siY E[±y krk[ k`|*r a>g\[j Sisnki[ d*r krn[ ki p\yis (kyi.
BirtvP< k[ li[gi[>ki[ giy j]s[ gr)b ai]r sbk) SrN mi>gn[vil[ btikr unk) (KÃl)
uDiy) jit) Y). mh(P< dyin>d n[ BirtvP< k[ p\ic)n smy k[ aiyi[<ki p\B*Rv (fr s[ FirN krn[
ki upd[S (dyi. BirtvP< k[ li[g giy j]s[ nh)> (kºt& S[r j]s[ h]; E[si p\(tpidn krn[ k[ (lE
aiy< smijk) AYipni k).
10
{c} Avrij k) Gi[PNi – mh(P< dyin>d n[ s&ri¶y, Avri¶yki pyi<y nh)> h] E[s) Gi[PNi k). v[ a>g\[ji[
k[ Sisn ki[ p\s>d krt[ nh)> Y[. e<‘s‘
1875 m[> aiy<smij k) AYipni krk[ BirtvP<k) p\ji ki[[
a>g\[j Sisn d*r krn[ ki upd[S (dyi.
a>g\[ji>[ oiri (l(Kt (vVki[P m[> aiy<smij ki[ rijWi[(hyi[> ki s>gqn khi h] (jski
ud`d[S aijid) h] . {C} (vwik)y k|i>(t – (Educational Revolution)
aiy< smijn[ BirtvP< k[ li[gi>[k) (vwi k[ (lE am*Ãy yi[gdin (dyi h]. aiy<smijn[
s>AkZ(t m*lk an[k (vwilyi[> ai]r mhi(vwilyi[k)> AYipni k) h]. aiy< smijki g&r&k&l
ai>di[ln li[gi[>k) (vwi-p\vZ(t Ek bDi p\(tApF)< ai>di[ln Yi. g&r&k&l ai>di[lnn[ d[S m[>
riOT^Bivniki p\bl uRsih p]di (kyi. e(this, si(hRy, Birt)BiPi, p#ikirRvm[> (vwil>kiri[ ki
ap*v< yi[gdin rhi h].
{j} d(lti[¹dir- BirtvP< k[ d(lti[> ki[ unk[ a(Fkir p\i¼t krin[ k[ (lE mh(P< dyin>dn[ sGP< (kyi
ai]r b(ldin (dyi. d(lti[>ki[ v[d ai]r s>AkZt pQn[ki a(Fkir (dyi. d(lti[ m[> p>(Dt, p&ri[(ht
ai]r smij s[vk p]di krn[ ki ~[y aiy< smijki[ jiti h].
{z} (vd[S p\cir p\sir
ai(f|ki, mi[(rSs, T^)n)DiD, s&(rnim, bmi<, ai(d riOT^i[m[> 200 s[ ¶yidi aiy<smijk[ k[ºW
h>], vhi< an[k (vwily ai]r mhi(vwily h]>. vhi<> k[ li[gi[>m[> BirtvP< k[ p\(t aidrBivni p]di
krn[ ki ~[y aiy<smijki[ jiti h].
{ ³ } riOT^BiPi: (>l>(³v(OTk sv[< ai[f e(ºDyi oiri p\id[(Sk BiPik[ aiFir pr ri¶y bniE. en sB)
ri¶yi[> k[ b)c a>t: (k|yi
(Inter action) BiPik[ $pm[> (hºd) {Birt)} BiPik) Gi[PNi mh(P< dyin>dn[
k). aiy< smijn[ (hºd) si(hRy k[ (vkism[> apni am*Ãy yi[gdin (dyi h]. {T} v[d ai]r s>AkZt
s>AkZt ai]r v[d k[ p\cir- p\sirk[ (lE aiy< smij n[ bDi yi[gdin (dyi. {v[di[> ki
srl, s&gm BiPi p\ji k[ aig[ rKn[ki kiy< aiy< smijn[ (kyi. aiy< smijk) (vwilyi[> m[>
s>AkZt a¹yyn a¹yipn k[ $pm[> Ek a(nviy< (vPy h].
{c} Avrij k) Gi[PNi – mh(P< dyin>d n[ s&ri¶y, Avri¶yki pyi<y nh)> h] E[s) Gi[PNi k). v[ a>g\[ji[
k[ Sisn ki[ p\s>d krt[ nh)> Y[. e<‘s‘
1875 m[> aiy<smij k) AYipni krk[ BirtvP<k) p\ji ki[[
a>g\[j Sisn d*r krn[ ki upd[S (dyi.
a>g\[ji>[ oiri (l(Kt (vVki[P m[> aiy<smij ki[ rijWi[(hyi[> ki s>gqn khi h] (jski
ud`d[S aijid) h] . {C} (vwik)y k|i>(t – (Educational Revolution)
aiy< smijn[ BirtvP< k[ li[gi>[k) (vwi k[ (lE am*Ãy yi[gdin (dyi h]. aiy<smijn[
s>AkZ(t m*lk an[k (vwilyi[> ai]r mhi(vwilyi[k)> AYipni k) h]. aiy< smijki g&r&k&l
ai>di[ln li[gi[>k) (vwi-p\vZ(t Ek bDi p\(tApF)< ai>di[ln Yi. g&r&k&l ai>di[lnn[ d[S m[>
riOT^Bivniki p\bl uRsih p]di (kyi. e(this, si(hRy, Birt)BiPi, p#ikirRvm[> (vwil>kiri[ ki
ap*v< yi[gdin rhi h].
{j} d(lti[¹dir- BirtvP< k[ d(lti[> ki[ unk[ a(Fkir p\i¼t krin[ k[ (lE mh(P< dyin>dn[ sGP< (kyi
ai]r b(ldin (dyi. d(lti[>ki[ v[d ai]r s>AkZt pQn[ki a(Fkir (dyi. d(lti[ m[> p>(Dt, p&ri[(ht
ai]r smij s[vk p]di krn[ ki ~[y aiy< smijki[ jiti h].
{z} (vd[S p\cir p\sir
ai(f|ki, mi[(rSs, T^)n)DiD, s&(rnim, bmi<, ai(d riOT^i[m[> 200 s[ ¶yidi aiy<smijk[ k[ºW
h>], vhi< an[k (vwily ai]r mhi(vwily h]>. vhi<> k[ li[gi[>m[> BirtvP< k[ p\(t aidrBivni p]di
krn[ ki ~[y aiy<smijki[ jiti h].
{ ³ } riOT^BiPi: (>l>(³v(OTk sv[< ai[f e(ºDyi oiri p\id[(Sk BiPik[ aiFir pr ri¶y bniE. en sB)
ri¶yi[> k[ b)c a>t: (k|yi
(Inter action) BiPik[ $pm[> (hºd) {Birt)} BiPik) Gi[PNi mh(P< dyin>dn[
k). aiy< smijn[ (hºd) si(hRy k[ (vkism[> apni am*Ãy yi[gdin (dyi h]. {T} v[d ai]r s>AkZt
s>AkZt ai]r v[d k[ p\cir- p\sirk[ (lE aiy< smij n[ bDi yi[gdin (dyi. {v[di[> ki
srl, s&gm BiPi p\ji k[ aig[ rKn[ki kiy< aiy< smijn[ (kyi. aiy< smijk) (vwilyi[> m[>
s>AkZt a¹yyn a¹yipn k[ $pm[> Ek a(nviy< (vPy h].
11
{q} minv kÃyiN – mh(P< dyin>d srAvt) n (sf< BirtvP<k[ li[gi>[ki kÃyiN ciht[ Y[ (kºt& (vVk[
sB) minvi>[ ki kÃyiN ciht[ Y[.
kZNvºti[ (vVmiy<m`.
's>sirki[ ~[Oq bniai[[." ki lÈy apn[ smx rKi Yi. s>sirki upkir krni yh
aiy<smijki uØ`[Æy Yi. sbk) uºn(tm[> hmir) uºn(t h]. yh unki h[t& Yi. sRyki[ g\hN krn[ m[>
ai]r asRyki Ryig krn[ k[ (lE sdi t]yir rhni ci(hE yh unki upd[S Yi. d[Ski ai]r
s>sirki svi<>g) uRkP<k[ (lE k(TbÛ aiy<smijk[ an&yi(yyi[>ki[ t]yir bnn[ki p\yRn krni
ci(hE.
{D} di[PdS<n: mh(P< dyin>d srAvt)n[ 'sRyiY<p\kiS" p&Atk (lKi. es p&Atkm[> uºhi[>n[ (vÛtip*N<
(vcir (lK[. v[di[> ki p\miN d[kr apn[ (vciri>[ki[ p&(OT d) h]. uºhi[>n[ j]n, bi]o, eAlim,
(k\(V|yi(n(T ai(d si>p\di(yk (c>tnk[ di[P p\Åni[_ir k[ $pm[> p\kT (kE h>]. es p\kir di[Pi[>ki[ d*r
krn[ ki aYi<t` asRyki[ p\kT krk[, asRyki niS ai]r sRyki[ ujigr krn[ki p\yRn (kyi h].
siri>S m[> sRyki p\kiS s>sirm[> f]lin[ki unki p\yRn upyi[g) ai]r srihn)y h] . unki[ (vON&k[
avtirk[ $pm[> Gi[(Pt krni an&(ct nh)> hi[gi. Fm<k) AYipni ai]r aFm<ki niS krn[ m[> mh(P<
dyin>dn[ apni b(ldin (dyi.
{q} minv kÃyiN – mh(P< dyin>d srAvt) n (sf< BirtvP<k[ li[gi>[ki kÃyiN ciht[ Y[ (kºt& (vVk[
sB) minvi>[ ki kÃyiN ciht[ Y[.
kZNvºti[ (vVmiy<m`.
's>sirki[ ~[Oq bniai[[." ki lÈy apn[ smx rKi Yi. s>sirki upkir krni yh
aiy<smijki uØ`[Æy Yi. sbk) uºn(tm[> hmir) uºn(t h]. yh unki h[t& Yi. sRyki[ g\hN krn[ m[>
ai]r asRyki Ryig krn[ k[ (lE sdi t]yir rhni ci(hE yh unki upd[S Yi. d[Ski ai]r
s>sirki svi<>g) uRkP<k[ (lE k(TbÛ aiy<smijk[ an&yi(yyi[>ki[ t]yir bnn[ki p\yRn krni
ci(hE.
{D} di[PdS<n: mh(P< dyin>d srAvt)n[ 'sRyiY<p\kiS" p&Atk (lKi. es p&Atkm[> uºhi[>n[ (vÛtip*N<
(vcir (lK[. v[di[> ki p\miN d[kr apn[ (vciri>[ki[ p&(OT d) h]. uºhi[>n[ j]n, bi]o, eAlim,
(k\(V|yi(n(T ai(d si>p\di(yk (c>tnk[ di[P p\Åni[_ir k[ $pm[> p\kT (kE h>]. es p\kir di[Pi[>ki[ d*r
krn[ ki aYi<t` asRyki[ p\kT krk[, asRyki niS ai]r sRyki[ ujigr krn[ki p\yRn (kyi h].
siri>S m[> sRyki p\kiS s>sirm[> f]lin[ki unki p\yRn upyi[g) ai]r srihn)y h] . unki[ (vON&k[
avtirk[ $pm[> Gi[(Pt krni an&(ct nh)> hi[gi. Fm<k) AYipni ai]r aFm<ki niS krn[ m[> mh(P<
dyin>dn[ apni b(ldin (dyi.
Page 1 of 6
t_vX : gi[Avim) t&ls)dis
eAT e(ºDyi k>pn)n[ apni Sisn y&‘k[‘ k) srkir ki[ e<‘s‘ 1857 m[> si]>p (dyi.
a>g\[ji[>n[ si[[ci (k ab sir[ BirtvP< m[> hmiri Sisn 'yivt` c>W (dvikri]. rh[gi. e<‘s‘ 1857
m[> n ti[ (vWi[h Yi yi n ti[ p\Ym Avit>#y s>g\im Yi, (kºt& e<‘s‘ 1857 m[> BirtvP< pr
Sisnk) Sr&ait krk[ s>p*N< BirtvP< pr Sisn krn[ k[ (lE Sti¾d) smiri[h mnin[ k)
e<µCi Y). es eµCi tB) p*N< hi[ skt) Y), jb zi>s)k) rin) lÈm)bie< ai]r (dÃh) k[ m&Gl
Sisk bhid&r Sih jfr k) s_ii h(Yyi l) jiE. en di[ni[> Siski[> k) s_ii h(Yyin[ k[ (lE
ai]r BirtvP< k[ k\i>(tkir) n[tiai[>ki[ fi>s) pr cQin[k[ (lE a>g\[ji[>n[ (vWi[h ki Cl kpT
(Conspiracy) p]di (kyi. vt<min smy m[> ji[ ag\[J) aKbir 'Tie¿s ai[f e(ºDyi" (Time
of India) h], usn[ kh[ gE (So called ) (vWi[h yi p\Ym Avit>#y ai(d S¾di[> s[ BirtvP< k[
li[gi[>ki[ (vWi[h) btiE. fi>s)ki d>D (vWi[h) li[gi[>ki[ d[ni u(ct h], E[si vN<n TOI n[ (kyi.
(vWi[h ki vN<n bQi cQikr (kyi ji[, smicirp#i k[ Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} k[ (vr&Û Yi.
a>g\[ji[k>[ Cl kpT (Conspiracy) ki[ upy&<±t aKbir n[ "(vWi[h pr a>g\ji[ ki (ny>#iN' hi[
rhi h] E[si vN<n krk[ a>g\[ji[> oiri hi[ rh[ aRyicirki[ u(ct btiyi. es p\kir d[SWi[h)
aKbir-'Tie¿s ai[f e(ºDyi" BirtvP< k[ Avit>#y k[ bid smijs[v), BirtvP< k[ p\(t
vfidir) ai(d S¾di[>s[ apn) Avy> p\S>si kr rhi h] ai]r es p\kir BirtvP< k[ li[gi[> ki[
g&mrih kr rhi h]. a>g\[j srkir k[ siY siY Tie¿s ai[f e(ºDyi ki BirtvP< s[
d[S(nkili j@r) h]. ±yi[> (k yh aKbir Birt vP< k[ Avit>#y k[ bid B) a>g\[ji[ k[> (hti[>k)>
rxi kr rhi h]. BirtvP< m[> z[ni[s[ºT^)jm (Xenocentrism) ki p\Biv bniE rKni, es d](nk
ki h[t& h]. BirtvP< k[ aXin) li[g 'f*>k f*>k kr p]r kiTn[vil[ c*h[ ki[ phcin pie< nh)>
h]". yh d](nk k]si vN<n krti h] es prs[ hm smz skt[ h]> (k, vh k]s[ k&km< kr rhi
h]. es d](nk k[> t>#i) BirtvP< k[ nig(rk h) hi[t[ h>] k]s) (AY(t h]? BirtvP< ki e‘s‘ 1857
m[> a>g\[j srkir n[ eAT e(ºDyi k>pn) k[> pis s[ Sisn l[ (lyi . sir[ BirtvP< pr Sisn
t_vX : gi[Avim) t&ls)dis
eAT e(ºDyi k>pn)n[ apni Sisn y&‘k[‘ k) srkir ki[ e<‘s‘ 1857 m[> si]>p (dyi.
a>g\[ji[>n[ si[[ci (k ab sir[ BirtvP< m[> hmiri Sisn 'yivt` c>W (dvikri]. rh[gi. e<‘s‘ 1857
m[> n ti[ (vWi[h Yi yi n ti[ p\Ym Avit>#y s>g\im Yi, (kºt& e<‘s‘ 1857 m[> BirtvP< pr
Sisnk) Sr&ait krk[ s>p*N< BirtvP< pr Sisn krn[ k[ (lE Sti¾d) smiri[h mnin[ k)
e<µCi Y). es eµCi tB) p*N< hi[ skt) Y), jb zi>s)k) rin) lÈm)bie< ai]r (dÃh) k[ m&Gl
Sisk bhid&r Sih jfr k) s_ii h(Yyi l) jiE. en di[ni[> Siski[> k) s_ii h(Yyin[ k[ (lE
ai]r BirtvP< k[ k\i>(tkir) n[tiai[>ki[ fi>s) pr cQin[k[ (lE a>g\[ji[>n[ (vWi[h ki Cl kpT
(Conspiracy) p]di (kyi. vt<min smy m[> ji[ ag\[J) aKbir 'Tie¿s ai[f e(ºDyi" (Time
of India) h], usn[ kh[ gE (So called ) (vWi[h yi p\Ym Avit>#y ai(d S¾di[> s[ BirtvP< k[
li[gi[>ki[ (vWi[h) btiE. fi>s)ki d>D (vWi[h) li[gi[>ki[ d[ni u(ct h], E[si vN<n TOI n[ (kyi.
(vWi[h ki vN<n bQi cQikr (kyi ji[, smicirp#i k[ Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} k[ (vr&Û Yi.
a>g\[ji[k>[ Cl kpT (Conspiracy) ki[ upy&<±t aKbir n[ "(vWi[h pr a>g\ji[ ki (ny>#iN' hi[
rhi h] E[si vN<n krk[ a>g\[ji[> oiri hi[ rh[ aRyicirki[ u(ct btiyi. es p\kir d[SWi[h)
aKbir-'Tie¿s ai[f e(ºDyi" BirtvP< k[ Avit>#y k[ bid smijs[v), BirtvP< k[ p\(t
vfidir) ai(d S¾di[>s[ apn) Avy> p\S>si kr rhi h] ai]r es p\kir BirtvP< k[ li[gi[> ki[
g&mrih kr rhi h]. a>g\[j srkir k[ siY siY Tie¿s ai[f e(ºDyi ki BirtvP< s[
d[S(nkili j@r) h]. ±yi[> (k yh aKbir Birt vP< k[ Avit>#y k[ bid B) a>g\[ji[ k[> (hti[>k)>
rxi kr rhi h]. BirtvP< m[> z[ni[s[ºT^)jm (Xenocentrism) ki p\Biv bniE rKni, es d](nk
ki h[t& h]. BirtvP< k[ aXin) li[g 'f*>k f*>k kr p]r kiTn[vil[ c*h[ ki[ phcin pie< nh)>
h]". yh d](nk k]si vN<n krti h] es prs[ hm smz skt[ h]> (k, vh k]s[ k&km< kr rhi
h]. es d](nk k[> t>#i) BirtvP< k[ nig(rk h) hi[t[ h>] k]s) (AY(t h]? BirtvP< ki e‘s‘ 1857
m[> a>g\[j srkir n[ eAT e(ºDyi k>pn) k[> pis s[ Sisn l[ (lyi . sir[ BirtvP< pr Sisn
Page 2 of 6
k) Gi[PNi k[ bid (l>(³v(ATk sv< ai[f e(ºDyi (Linguistic Survey if India) krviyi. tb
sv[<xN krn[vil[ a(Fki(ryi[>n[ d[Ki (k ''~) rimc(rt mins"" ji[ s>t~) t&ls)dis oiri
(lKi gyi Yi ; us g\>Y k) p\(tkZ(tyi‡ u_ir Birtm[> sv<#i p\i¼t hi[ rh) h].Y) . es sv<[xN
k[ bid BirtvP< k[ li[gi[>ki[ pti cli (k gi[Avim) t&ls)dis mhin k(v h]>; (jºhi[>n[ '~)
rimc(rt mins" j]si mhikiÄy (lKi Yi .
j)vn
jºmvP< - ~ivN S&±l s¼tm), s>vt` 1558
(pti - aiRmirim d*b[
miti - h&ls) pRn) - rRnivl)
(nvi<N - ~ivN kZON tZt)yi, s>vt` 1680 kiS), a(sFiT
rijn)(tk p(r(AY(t
gi[Avim) t&ls)disk[ smym[> m&Gl Sisk akbr ki p\Biv bQ rhi Yi .
rijAYink[ x(#iy apn) b[(Tyi[>ki[ akbrk[ jninKin[m[> d[kr Ci[T[ rjviDi[>ki Sisn
p\i¼t kr rh[ Y[ . m&slmini[> s[ kºyipx k[ s>b>F bnkr 'rijp*t" k) upi(F p\i¼t kr
rh[ Y[ . sir[ u_ir Birtm[> akbr ki Sisn AYiy) bn gyi tb akbrn[ '(dn – E-
elih)" s>p\diy ki ai(v<Biv (kyi, (kºt& m&slmin Siski[>n[ eski (vri[F (kyi . yh
nyi s>p\diy bcpnm[> h) mr gyi .
gi[Avim)n[ an&Bv (kyi (k, akbr ai(d m&slmin Sisk BirtvP<k) v[di>t
s>AkZ(t ki[ nOT krn[ pr t*l[ h&E h]>. uºhi[>n[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi k[ (lE l[(Kn) uqie<
ai]r rimiyN mhikiÄy pr aiFi(rt ~) rimc(rtmins mhikiÄy k) avF) BiPim[> rcni
k), (jss[ simiºy Äy(±t B) v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi k[ (lE b(ldin d[ sk[ . ~)
rimc(rt mins mhikiÄym[> gi[Avim) t&ls) disj)n[ apn[ (vciri[>k) a(BÄy(±t k) h] .
y[ unk[ (vcir hm[> v[di>t AkZ(t pr hi[ rh[ aºy s>AkZ(t oiri aik|mN ki[ ri[kni ci(hE
.E[s) p\[rNi d[t[ h]>.
k) Gi[PNi k[ bid (l>(³v(ATk sv< ai[f e(ºDyi (Linguistic Survey if India) krviyi. tb
sv[<xN krn[vil[ a(Fki(ryi[>n[ d[Ki (k ''~) rimc(rt mins"" ji[ s>t~) t&ls)dis oiri
(lKi gyi Yi ; us g\>Y k) p\(tkZ(tyi‡ u_ir Birtm[> sv<#i p\i¼t hi[ rh) h].Y) . es sv<[xN
k[ bid BirtvP< k[ li[gi[>ki[ pti cli (k gi[Avim) t&ls)dis mhin k(v h]>; (jºhi[>n[ '~)
rimc(rt mins" j]si mhikiÄy (lKi Yi .
j)vn
jºmvP< - ~ivN S&±l s¼tm), s>vt` 1558
(pti - aiRmirim d*b[
miti - h&ls) pRn) - rRnivl)
(nvi<N - ~ivN kZON tZt)yi, s>vt` 1680 kiS), a(sFiT
rijn)(tk p(r(AY(t
gi[Avim) t&ls)disk[ smym[> m&Gl Sisk akbr ki p\Biv bQ rhi Yi .
rijAYink[ x(#iy apn) b[(Tyi[>ki[ akbrk[ jninKin[m[> d[kr Ci[T[ rjviDi[>ki Sisn
p\i¼t kr rh[ Y[ . m&slmini[> s[ kºyipx k[ s>b>F bnkr 'rijp*t" k) upi(F p\i¼t kr
rh[ Y[ . sir[ u_ir Birtm[> akbr ki Sisn AYiy) bn gyi tb akbrn[ '(dn – E-
elih)" s>p\diy ki ai(v<Biv (kyi, (kºt& m&slmin Siski[>n[ eski (vri[F (kyi . yh
nyi s>p\diy bcpnm[> h) mr gyi .
gi[Avim)n[ an&Bv (kyi (k, akbr ai(d m&slmin Sisk BirtvP<k) v[di>t
s>AkZ(t ki[ nOT krn[ pr t*l[ h&E h]>. uºhi[>n[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi k[ (lE l[(Kn) uqie<
ai]r rimiyN mhikiÄy pr aiFi(rt ~) rimc(rtmins mhikiÄy k) avF) BiPim[> rcni
k), (jss[ simiºy Äy(±t B) v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi k[ (lE b(ldin d[ sk[ . ~)
rimc(rt mins mhikiÄym[> gi[Avim) t&ls) disj)n[ apn[ (vciri[>k) a(BÄy(±t k) h] .
y[ unk[ (vcir hm[> v[di>t AkZ(t pr hi[ rh[ aºy s>AkZ(t oiri aik|mN ki[ ri[kni ci(hE
.E[s) p\[rNi d[t[ h]>.
Page 3 of 6
v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi
v[di>t s>AkZ(t k[ hi[ rh[ aF : ptn k) rxi k[ (lE uºhi[>n[ apn[ mhikiÄy k) rcni
oiri BirtvP<k) p\jim[> jigZ(t p]di k) .
di[hi - b|M` (n$pn Frm (v(F brn(h> t_v (vBig .
kh(h> Bg(t Bgv>t k] s>j&t ³yin (brig ..
aY< - â(P – m&(n p\yigm[> ekT`qi hi[kr b\Mki (n$pN, Fm< ki (vFin ai]r
t_vi[>k[ (vBigki vN<n krt[ h]> . tYi Xin – v]ri³ys[> y&±t Bgvink)
B(±tki kYn krt[ h]> .
upy<&±t di[h[ k[ s>dB<m[> hm kh skt[ h]>, (k gi[Avim) t&ls)disj) v[di>t s>AkZ(tki
(n$pN kr rh[ h] .
ci]pie< - brnFm< n(h> ai~m ci(r . ~|&(t (vri[F rt sb nr nir) . (Ûj~|&(t
b[ck B*pp\jisn . ki[u min n(h> (ngm an&Sisn ..
aY< - k(ly&gm[> n vN<Fm< rhti h], n ciri[> ai~m rht[ h]> . sbli[g v[d k[
(vri[Fm[> lg[ rht[ h]> .
''b\iMN v[di[>ki[ b[cn[vil[ ai]r riji p\ji ki[ Ki jin[vil[ hi[t[ h]> . v[dk)
{v[di>tk)} ki[e< aiXi minti nh)> h]""
mi[Gl Sisn k[ smy BirtvP<m[> hi[ rh) v[di>t s>AkZ(t k) hi(n k[ bir[m[> uºhi[>n[
b\iMNi[>ki[ di[P) btiy[> h]> . BirtvP<k[ m&Gl Sisk ai]r usk[ ai(~m rjviDi[>k[ Siski[> ki[
p\jiki[ Ki jin[vil[ btiE h]> . {u_irki·D – 97}
v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi
v[di>t s>AkZ(t k[ hi[ rh[ aF : ptn k) rxi k[ (lE uºhi[>n[ apn[ mhikiÄy k) rcni
oiri BirtvP<k) p\jim[> jigZ(t p]di k) .
di[hi - b|M` (n$pn Frm (v(F brn(h> t_v (vBig .
kh(h> Bg(t Bgv>t k] s>j&t ³yin (brig ..
aY< - â(P – m&(n p\yigm[> ekT`qi hi[kr b\Mki (n$pN, Fm< ki (vFin ai]r
t_vi[>k[ (vBigki vN<n krt[ h]> . tYi Xin – v]ri³ys[> y&±t Bgvink)
B(±tki kYn krt[ h]> .
upy<&±t di[h[ k[ s>dB<m[> hm kh skt[ h]>, (k gi[Avim) t&ls)disj) v[di>t s>AkZ(tki
(n$pN kr rh[ h] .
ci]pie< - brnFm< n(h> ai~m ci(r . ~|&(t (vri[F rt sb nr nir) . (Ûj~|&(t
b[ck B*pp\jisn . ki[u min n(h> (ngm an&Sisn ..
aY< - k(ly&gm[> n vN<Fm< rhti h], n ciri[> ai~m rht[ h]> . sbli[g v[d k[
(vri[Fm[> lg[ rht[ h]> .
''b\iMN v[di[>ki[ b[cn[vil[ ai]r riji p\ji ki[ Ki jin[vil[ hi[t[ h]> . v[dk)
{v[di>tk)} ki[e< aiXi minti nh)> h]""
mi[Gl Sisn k[ smy BirtvP<m[> hi[ rh) v[di>t s>AkZ(t k) hi(n k[ bir[m[> uºhi[>n[
b\iMNi[>ki[ di[P) btiy[> h]> . BirtvP<k[ m&Gl Sisk ai]r usk[ ai(~m rjviDi[>k[ Siski[> ki[
p\jiki[ Ki jin[vil[ btiE h]> . {u_irki·D – 97}
Page 4 of 6
gi[Avim) t&ls)disn[ k(ly&gm[> ±yi ±yi hi[ rhi h] ai]r y[ Äyvhir v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[
(v@Û k]s[ h]> en ki vN<n (kyi h] .
di[hi - p\gTcir) pd Fm< k[ k(l mh‡& Ek p\Fin .
j[n k[n (v(F d)ºh[> din kre kÃyin ..
{u_irki·D – 103 {K}
Fm< k[ {kt<Äy(nOqik[} cir crN {sRy, dyi, tp, din} p\(sÛ h]> . (jnm[>s[ k(lm[>
Ek {din$p)} crN h) p\Fin h] . (js (ks) p\kirs[ B) (dE jin[ pr din kÃyiN h)
krti h].
di[hi - b\h`m pyi[(n(F m>dr ³yin s>ts&r ai(h> .
kYi s&Fi m(Y kiQ(h> Bg(t mF&rti ji(h> .. {120 k}
b\h`m {v[d}sm&W h] . Xin m>dricl h] ai]r s>t d[vti h]>, ji[ us sm&Wki[ mYkr
kYi$p) amZt (nkilt[ h]>, (jsm[> B(±t$p) mF&rti bs) rht) h] .
t[n Ry±t[n B>&(jYi : .
aY< - aip sb {Fnki} Ryig krk[ {es Fnki} upBi[g kri[ .
{Fnk) t)n g(tyi‡ hi[t) h]> – din, Bi[g ai]r niS } din u_im h], Bi[g m¹ym h] ai]r
niS n)c g(t h] . ji[ Äy(±t n di[ti h], n Bi[gti h]; usk[ Fnk) t)sr) g(t niS hi[t)
h].
rcniE‡ - {1} ~) rimc(rtmins mhikiÄy
{2} di[hiv(l, k(vtivl), k(vtirimiyN, rim – llinh, piv<t) m>gl, jink)
m>gl, brv] rimiyN, (vny – p(#iki, v]ri³y s>d)pn), kZON g)tivl), rimstse<,
s>kTmi[cn hn&min bih&k, rimnimm(N, ki[Pm>j*si, rimsliki, hn&min ci(lsi .
gi[Avim) t&ls)disn[ k(ly&gm[> ±yi ±yi hi[ rhi h] ai]r y[ Äyvhir v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[
(v@Û k]s[ h]> en ki vN<n (kyi h] .
di[hi - p\gTcir) pd Fm< k[ k(l mh‡& Ek p\Fin .
j[n k[n (v(F d)ºh[> din kre kÃyin ..
{u_irki·D – 103 {K}
Fm< k[ {kt<Äy(nOqik[} cir crN {sRy, dyi, tp, din} p\(sÛ h]> . (jnm[>s[ k(lm[>
Ek {din$p)} crN h) p\Fin h] . (js (ks) p\kirs[ B) (dE jin[ pr din kÃyiN h)
krti h].
di[hi - b\h`m pyi[(n(F m>dr ³yin s>ts&r ai(h> .
kYi s&Fi m(Y kiQ(h> Bg(t mF&rti ji(h> .. {120 k}
b\h`m {v[d}sm&W h] . Xin m>dricl h] ai]r s>t d[vti h]>, ji[ us sm&Wki[ mYkr
kYi$p) amZt (nkilt[ h]>, (jsm[> B(±t$p) mF&rti bs) rht) h] .
t[n Ry±t[n B>&(jYi : .
aY< - aip sb {Fnki} Ryig krk[ {es Fnki} upBi[g kri[ .
{Fnk) t)n g(tyi‡ hi[t) h]> – din, Bi[g ai]r niS } din u_im h], Bi[g m¹ym h] ai]r
niS n)c g(t h] . ji[ Äy(±t n di[ti h], n Bi[gti h]; usk[ Fnk) t)sr) g(t niS hi[t)
h].
rcniE‡ - {1} ~) rimc(rtmins mhikiÄy
{2} di[hiv(l, k(vtivl), k(vtirimiyN, rim – llinh, piv<t) m>gl, jink)
m>gl, brv] rimiyN, (vny – p(#iki, v]ri³y s>d)pn), kZON g)tivl), rimstse<,
s>kTmi[cn hn&min bih&k, rimnimm(N, ki[Pm>j*si, rimsliki, hn&min ci(lsi .
Page 5 of 6
(vd[S) s>AkZ(tki p\sir kr rh[> Siski[> ki an&mi[dn BirtvP<k[ li[g kr rh[ Y[ .
t&ls)disj)n[ sB) vgi[<k[ li[gi[>ki[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ hi[ rh[ aF: ptn k[ p\(t jig\t (kE .
b\iMN, x(#iy, hAtkli(vd`, {S*W} ai(d vg< sm*h k[ li[gi[>k[ p\(t kT&vcn kh[ ai]r n)c
Äyvhir Ryig kr u_im Äyvhir krn[ ki upd[S (dyi .
pi]ri(Nk kYi
aiy< ai]r W(vD s>AkZ(tyi‡ k[ s>(mln{Fusion}k[ bid avtirvid ki (n$pN h&ai.
b\Mij)n[ 'Fm<" nimk p&@P p]di (kyi . uski p\jip(tk) 'dyi" nimk kºyis[
(vvih h&ai . uns[ 'niriyN" ai]r 'nr" nimk di[ p&#i p]di h&E . niriyN '(vON&" nims[
ai]r 'nr" minv ji(t k[ $pm[> p\(sÛ h&E . niriyN eºWki (s>hisn p\i¼t krn[ k[ (lE
tp krn[ k[ (lE b]q[ . eºWn[ g(NkiE‡ B[jkr niriyN k[ tpi[B>gki p\yis (kyi .
niriyNn[ apn) ji>Gs[ s&>dr 'uv<s)" nimk A#i) p]di k) .eski[ d[Kkr g(NkiE‡ l(¶jt
hi[kr cl) ge<> . niriyNn[ uv<s) eºWki[> B[>T m[> d[ d) . eºWn[ yh uv<s) kºyi
(m#iiv$Nki[ d[ d) . (m#iiv$Ns[ v(sOqki jºm h&ai . unki p&#i priSr h&ai . priSr
ki (vvih sRyvt) s[ h&ai . uns[ Äyisj) p]di h&E . Äyisj), a>bi ai]r a>bi(lki ji[
(BOm k) p(Rn)yi‡ Y) . un pr v)y< (nyi[g krn[s[ k&@ ai]r pi·D& lDk[ p]di h&E .
v(sOq rimk[ g&@ Y[ . v[di>t yi t_vXin y&±t 'yi[gvi(sOqy" g\>Y ab B) p\i¼t h] .
rim ai]r kZON (vON& yi niriyN k[ avtir h]> .yh Fm<ki {kt<ÄyBivni} ki
minv)krN h]. mRAy, k*m<, vrih, nZ(s>h, vimn prs&rim, rim, kZON, ai]r gi]tm b&Û
(vON& k[ avtir h]> . yh u_k|i>(tvid ki smY<n lgti h]. b\Mi, (vON& ai]r mh[S
ud`Bv, (vkis ai]r xy $p) p\kZ(tk[ p\t)k h]>.ji[ Fm< k) rxi ai]r aFm< ki niS
krti h]; vh (vON&ki avtir h]. Fm<k) rxi aYi<t t_vdS<nki[ upd[S/ Fm<k) rxi
aYi<t` Xinki p\cir-p\sir . aFm<ki niS aYi<t` aXinki niS.
(vd[S) s>AkZ(tki p\sir kr rh[> Siski[> ki an&mi[dn BirtvP<k[ li[g kr rh[ Y[ .
t&ls)disj)n[ sB) vgi[<k[ li[gi[>ki[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ hi[ rh[ aF: ptn k[ p\(t jig\t (kE .
b\iMN, x(#iy, hAtkli(vd`, {S*W} ai(d vg< sm*h k[ li[gi[>k[ p\(t kT&vcn kh[ ai]r n)c
Äyvhir Ryig kr u_im Äyvhir krn[ ki upd[S (dyi .
pi]ri(Nk kYi
aiy< ai]r W(vD s>AkZ(tyi‡ k[ s>(mln{Fusion}k[ bid avtirvid ki (n$pN h&ai.
b\Mij)n[ 'Fm<" nimk p&@P p]di (kyi . uski p\jip(tk) 'dyi" nimk kºyis[
(vvih h&ai . uns[ 'niriyN" ai]r 'nr" nimk di[ p&#i p]di h&E . niriyN '(vON&" nims[
ai]r 'nr" minv ji(t k[ $pm[> p\(sÛ h&E . niriyN eºWki (s>hisn p\i¼t krn[ k[ (lE
tp krn[ k[ (lE b]q[ . eºWn[ g(NkiE‡ B[jkr niriyN k[ tpi[B>gki p\yis (kyi .
niriyNn[ apn) ji>Gs[ s&>dr 'uv<s)" nimk A#i) p]di k) .eski[ d[Kkr g(NkiE‡ l(¶jt
hi[kr cl) ge<> . niriyNn[ uv<s) eºWki[> B[>T m[> d[ d) . eºWn[ yh uv<s) kºyi
(m#iiv$Nki[ d[ d) . (m#iiv$Ns[ v(sOqki jºm h&ai . unki p&#i priSr h&ai . priSr
ki (vvih sRyvt) s[ h&ai . uns[ Äyisj) p]di h&E . Äyisj), a>bi ai]r a>bi(lki ji[
(BOm k) p(Rn)yi‡ Y) . un pr v)y< (nyi[g krn[s[ k&@ ai]r pi·D& lDk[ p]di h&E .
v(sOq rimk[ g&@ Y[ . v[di>t yi t_vXin y&±t 'yi[gvi(sOqy" g\>Y ab B) p\i¼t h] .
rim ai]r kZON (vON& yi niriyN k[ avtir h]> .yh Fm<ki {kt<ÄyBivni} ki
minv)krN h]. mRAy, k*m<, vrih, nZ(s>h, vimn prs&rim, rim, kZON, ai]r gi]tm b&Û
(vON& k[ avtir h]> . yh u_k|i>(tvid ki smY<n lgti h]. b\Mi, (vON& ai]r mh[S
ud`Bv, (vkis ai]r xy $p) p\kZ(tk[ p\t)k h]>.ji[ Fm< k) rxi ai]r aFm< ki niS
krti h]; vh (vON&ki avtir h]. Fm<k) rxi aYi<t t_vdS<nki[ upd[S/ Fm<k) rxi
aYi<t` Xinki p\cir-p\sir . aFm<ki niS aYi<t` aXinki niS.
Page 6 of 6
gi[Avim) t&ls) disj) 'rim" nimki[ sRy mint[ h]> . yh rim (vON&k[ avtir h]>
; ji[ 'Fm<" k[ p&#i h]> . 'Fm<" nimk (ptik[ g&N (vON&m[> h]> . (vON& ki avtir rim ai]r
kZON h] aYi<t` rim ai]r kZON Fm< {kt<Äy (nOqi} k[ avtir $pm[> minv)krN h]> . rim
aYi<t` Fm< . kZON aYi<t` Fm< . minv Fm<ki ai>n&vi>(Sk p&#i h] . minvki[ Fm<piln
{k@Ni k[ siY p(v#i kt<Äyi[> ki piln } avÆy krni ci(hE ai]r aFm< {kt<Äy
h)nti} ki Ryig krni ci(hE . rimki nim Fm< ki pyi<yvic) h] . kZON B) Fm<ki
smin Bivnivili S¾d h] . rim nim ki AmrN aYi<t` Fm<pilnki (c>tn hi[ti h] .
Fm<pilnki sminiY)< v[di>t h] . v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n yi Fm<piln {kt<Äy Bivni ki
piln} v[di>t ki sminiY)< S¾d 'up(nPd`" h] . Fm<piln k]s[ krni ci(hE es rhAyki[
'up(nPd" khi gyi h] .
Fm[< rh(s up(nPd` . - amrki[P
hr[k v[d k[ m>Dli[> k[ a>tm[> us m>Dl k[ up(nPd` hi[t[ h]>, ji[ hmir[ Fm<pilnk[
rhAyki[ ujigr krt[ h]> .
'rim" ai]r kZON k[ nimki rTN krti ai]r (fr aFm< krni, aXin ki s*ck
h] . (sf< rim nim l[ni km<ki>D h] . rim nim k[ siY siY Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} ki
piln krni Xin h], yi sRy h] .
rim ki nim l[ni aYi<t` Fm<pilnki p\N l[ni rimk) B(±t aYi<t` Fm<pilnk)
p\vZ(_i. Fm<piln h) aiRmi, prmiRmi, b\M, Bgvin, e<Ævr, ai(dk) B(±t h) h] . B(±t
krni aYi<t` Fm<piln krni . aXink[ kirN li[g B(±tki Av$p smj skt[> nh)> h]>.
gi[Avim) t&ls) disj) 'rim" nimki[ sRy mint[ h]> . yh rim (vON&k[ avtir h]>
; ji[ 'Fm<" k[ p&#i h]> . 'Fm<" nimk (ptik[ g&N (vON&m[> h]> . (vON& ki avtir rim ai]r
kZON h] aYi<t` rim ai]r kZON Fm< {kt<Äy (nOqi} k[ avtir $pm[> minv)krN h]> . rim
aYi<t` Fm< . kZON aYi<t` Fm< . minv Fm<ki ai>n&vi>(Sk p&#i h] . minvki[ Fm<piln
{k@Ni k[ siY p(v#i kt<Äyi[> ki piln } avÆy krni ci(hE ai]r aFm< {kt<Äy
h)nti} ki Ryig krni ci(hE . rimki nim Fm< ki pyi<yvic) h] . kZON B) Fm<ki
smin Bivnivili S¾d h] . rim nim ki AmrN aYi<t` Fm<pilnki (c>tn hi[ti h] .
Fm<pilnki sminiY)< v[di>t h] . v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n yi Fm<piln {kt<Äy Bivni ki
piln} v[di>t ki sminiY)< S¾d 'up(nPd`" h] . Fm<piln k]s[ krni ci(hE es rhAyki[
'up(nPd" khi gyi h] .
Fm[< rh(s up(nPd` . - amrki[P
hr[k v[d k[ m>Dli[> k[ a>tm[> us m>Dl k[ up(nPd` hi[t[ h]>, ji[ hmir[ Fm<pilnk[
rhAyki[ ujigr krt[ h]> .
'rim" ai]r kZON k[ nimki rTN krti ai]r (fr aFm< krni, aXin ki s*ck
h] . (sf< rim nim l[ni km<ki>D h] . rim nim k[ siY siY Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} ki
piln krni Xin h], yi sRy h] .
rim ki nim l[ni aYi<t` Fm<pilnki p\N l[ni rimk) B(±t aYi<t` Fm<pilnk)
p\vZ(_i. Fm<piln h) aiRmi, prmiRmi, b\M, Bgvin, e<Ævr, ai(dk) B(±t h) h] . B(±t
krni aYi<t` Fm<piln krni . aXink[ kirN li[g B(±tki Av$p smj skt[> nh)> h]>.
Page No.1
t_vX: g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h: Fmi<ciy<, s>t ai]r (spih)
v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ $pm[> g&@gi[(v>d(s>h Ek mhin t_vX Y[. uºhi>[n[ apni j)vn v[di>t
s>AkZ(tk) rxik[ (lE smp<N (kyi. v[ (SK (c>tnk[ $pm[> Ek t_vv[_ii
(Philosopher) h]> . unki (c>tn (vd[S) s>AkZ(tk[ p\(tri[Fm[> mh_vp*N< h].
nim : gi[(v>>driy
jºm vP< : 1666 A.D.
(nvi<N : 1708 A.D.
j)vnkil : 41 vP<
Kilsi p>Yk) AYipni : 1699 A.D.
pRn) : miti s&>dr ki][r
pQie< : pS)<yn, s>AkZtm`
Kilsi p>Y k) miti: miti sih)bi ki]r
miti – g&jr)
(pti –g&$ t[g bhid*r
an&g&@ : g&@g>\Y v[d
p&#i: mit[(s>h, a(jt(s>h, j&zir(s>h, ji[rdir(s>h
mhin GTni:
mi[Gl sm\iT ai]r>gj[b sir[ BirtvP<k[ v[di>t) li[gi[>ki s>p\diy p(rvt<n Dr, dbiv,
ai(ds[ kri rhi Yi.usn[ kÆm)rk[ p>(Dti[>ki[ m&slmin s>p\diy apnin[k) aiXik).
p>(Dti[>n[ p\Ry&_irm[> khi (k, y(d S)K g&$ gi[(v>d(s>h eAlim s>p\diy apnit[ h]>, tb
hm sB) eAlim s>p\diy apniy[>g[. ai]r>gj[bn[ S)K g&$ t[gbhid&rki[ (dÃh) b&likr
t_vX: g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h: Fmi<ciy<, s>t ai]r (spih)
v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ $pm[> g&@gi[(v>d(s>h Ek mhin t_vX Y[. uºhi>[n[ apni j)vn v[di>t
s>AkZ(tk) rxik[ (lE smp<N (kyi. v[ (SK (c>tnk[ $pm[> Ek t_vv[_ii
(Philosopher) h]> . unki (c>tn (vd[S) s>AkZ(tk[ p\(tri[Fm[> mh_vp*N< h].
nim : gi[(v>>driy
jºm vP< : 1666 A.D.
(nvi<N : 1708 A.D.
j)vnkil : 41 vP<
Kilsi p>Yk) AYipni : 1699 A.D.
pRn) : miti s&>dr ki][r
pQie< : pS)<yn, s>AkZtm`
Kilsi p>Y k) miti: miti sih)bi ki]r
miti – g&jr)
(pti –g&$ t[g bhid*r
an&g&@ : g&@g>\Y v[d
p&#i: mit[(s>h, a(jt(s>h, j&zir(s>h, ji[rdir(s>h
mhin GTni:
mi[Gl sm\iT ai]r>gj[b sir[ BirtvP<k[ v[di>t) li[gi[>ki s>p\diy p(rvt<n Dr, dbiv,
ai(ds[ kri rhi Yi.usn[ kÆm)rk[ p>(Dti[>ki[ m&slmin s>p\diy apnin[k) aiXik).
p>(Dti[>n[ p\Ry&_irm[> khi (k, y(d S)K g&$ gi[(v>d(s>h eAlim s>p\diy apnit[ h]>, tb
hm sB) eAlim s>p\diy apniy[>g[. ai]r>gj[bn[ S)K g&$ t[gbhid&rki[ (dÃh) b&likr
Page No.2
eAlim apnin[ k) aiXi k). t[g bhid&r n[ ai]r>gj[bk) aiXi ki[ q&krid) ai]r khi
(k m]> es j)vnm[> kB) B) eAlim s>p\diyki Av)kir nh) kr*<>gi ai]r (ks)ki[ B)
eAlim s>p\diyki Ak)kir krn[k) an&m(t nh)> d*†gi.es p\Ry&_ir s[ ai]r>gj[b k\i[(Ft
hi[ gyi ai]r v[di>t) li[gi[>ki[ Drin[ k[ (lE (dÃh) k[ ci>dn) ci]k m[> t[gbhid&r ki
(SrµC[d (kyi.
g&$t[gbhid&rk[ p&#i g&$ gi[(v>d(s>h Y[. v[ g&$ hrgi[(v>d(s>h k[ pi]#i Y[. g&$
gi[(v>d(s>hn[ g&$g\>Y v[d {si(hRy} ki[ apni g&r& pd ap<N (kyi. (ks) B) (SK ki[
g&$ pd n d[n[ k) aiXi k) . tbs[ g&$g\>Y v[d k) AYipni amZtsr k[ AvN<m>(dr m[>
(kyi. g&$g\>Yv[d v[di>t s>AkZ(t ki p\kT)krN h].
g&$ gi[(v>d(s>h n[ Kilsi {S&Û} p>Y k) AYipni k)
Kilsi p>Y k) AYipni k) ri[ck GTni p>c ¼yir[ {1699 A.D.}
g$ gi[(v>d(s>h n[ Ek T[ºT bniyi. d[Sk[ riOT^vid) y&vki[k)> sBi b&liy). T[ºT
m[> jikr r±t r>(jt tlvir l[kr bhir aiE. ji[ apni b(ldin cihti hi[ vh aig[
ai jiy. (nÀn pi†c Äy(kt aig[ aiE.
d)xi p\i¼t p>c ¼yir[
m*lnim - upnim
1. dyirim - Bie< dyi(s>h
2. (hÀmtrie< - Bie< (hÀmt(s>h
3. mi[hkmc>W - Bie< mhi[km (s>h
4. si(hb - Bie< si(hb(s>h
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hn[ (nÀn ud`Gi[PNi p\At&t k).
eAlim apnin[ k) aiXi k). t[g bhid&r n[ ai]r>gj[bk) aiXi ki[ q&krid) ai]r khi
(k m]> es j)vnm[> kB) B) eAlim s>p\diyki Av)kir nh) kr*<>gi ai]r (ks)ki[ B)
eAlim s>p\diyki Ak)kir krn[k) an&m(t nh)> d*†gi.es p\Ry&_ir s[ ai]r>gj[b k\i[(Ft
hi[ gyi ai]r v[di>t) li[gi[>ki[ Drin[ k[ (lE (dÃh) k[ ci>dn) ci]k m[> t[gbhid&r ki
(SrµC[d (kyi.
g&$t[gbhid&rk[ p&#i g&$ gi[(v>d(s>h Y[. v[ g&$ hrgi[(v>d(s>h k[ pi]#i Y[. g&$
gi[(v>d(s>hn[ g&$g\>Y v[d {si(hRy} ki[ apni g&r& pd ap<N (kyi. (ks) B) (SK ki[
g&$ pd n d[n[ k) aiXi k) . tbs[ g&$g\>Y v[d k) AYipni amZtsr k[ AvN<m>(dr m[>
(kyi. g&$g\>Yv[d v[di>t s>AkZ(t ki p\kT)krN h].
g&$ gi[(v>d(s>h n[ Kilsi {S&Û} p>Y k) AYipni k)
Kilsi p>Y k) AYipni k) ri[ck GTni p>c ¼yir[ {1699 A.D.}
g$ gi[(v>d(s>h n[ Ek T[ºT bniyi. d[Sk[ riOT^vid) y&vki[k)> sBi b&liy). T[ºT
m[> jikr r±t r>(jt tlvir l[kr bhir aiE. ji[ apni b(ldin cihti hi[ vh aig[
ai jiy. (nÀn pi†c Äy(kt aig[ aiE.
d)xi p\i¼t p>c ¼yir[
m*lnim - upnim
1. dyirim - Bie< dyi(s>h
2. (hÀmtrie< - Bie< (hÀmt(s>h
3. mi[hkmc>W - Bie< mhi[km (s>h
4. si(hb - Bie< si(hb(s>h
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hn[ (nÀn ud`Gi[PNi p\At&t k).
Page No.3
(1) vih[ g&@j)ki Kilsi (Khalsa Belongs to the God)
(2) vih[ g&@j)ki ft[h . (Victory belongs to the God)
hr[k (SK k[ nimk[ p)C[ '(s>h" p\Ryy lg[gi. gi[(v>driy nimk[ bjiy unki
nim g&@ gi[(v>d (s>h h&ai.
Kilsi p>Y k[ (pti – g&@ gi[(v>d (s>h h&ai.
Kilsi p>Yk) miti - miti si(hb ki]r
Kilsi p>Y k[ (s>¹Fi>t
(1) (A#iyi[> B) Kilsi p>Y m[ (hAsi l[>g).
(2) Kilsi p>Yki hr p&$Pk[ nimk[ p)C[ '(s>h" ai]r A#i)k[ nimk[ p)C[ 'ki]r"
p\Ryy hi[gi.
(3) hr Kilsi p>Y vili Äy(±t '(SK" khi jiEgi.
(4) hr (SK Xi(t –h)n hi[gi. aYi<t` hr Xi(tki Äy(±t (SK yi Kilsi p>Y)
bn sk[gi.
(5) (SK li[g a>F(vVis m[> miºyti nh)> rK[>g[.
(6) hi(nkirk km<ki>Dm[> (SK ~¹Fi nh)> rK[>g[.
(7) es (vVk[ sj<k ai]r (vniSk prmiRmi pr h) ~¹Fi hr (SK rK[gi.
(8) Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} k[ (lE sB) (SK b(ldin d[>g[.
(9) (A#iyi>< pDdi p\Yi nh)> rh[>g). es(lE v[ siD) nh) phn[>g).
(10) m(hliE< ai]r p&@P sB) smin drÌi (Status) vil[ hi[>g[.
(11) p&#i)k) hRyi krn[vili Äy(±t (SK p>Yki nh)> mini jiEgi.
(12) hr[k (SK pgD) phn[gi.
(13) ab k[ bid ki[e< (sK g&@ nh)> hi[gi,
(1) vih[ g&@j)ki Kilsi (Khalsa Belongs to the God)
(2) vih[ g&@j)ki ft[h . (Victory belongs to the God)
hr[k (SK k[ nimk[ p)C[ '(s>h" p\Ryy lg[gi. gi[(v>driy nimk[ bjiy unki
nim g&@ gi[(v>d (s>h h&ai.
Kilsi p>Y k[ (pti – g&@ gi[(v>d (s>h h&ai.
Kilsi p>Yk) miti - miti si(hb ki]r
Kilsi p>Y k[ (s>¹Fi>t
(1) (A#iyi[> B) Kilsi p>Y m[ (hAsi l[>g).
(2) Kilsi p>Yki hr p&$Pk[ nimk[ p)C[ '(s>h" ai]r A#i)k[ nimk[ p)C[ 'ki]r"
p\Ryy hi[gi.
(3) hr Kilsi p>Y vili Äy(±t '(SK" khi jiEgi.
(4) hr (SK Xi(t –h)n hi[gi. aYi<t` hr Xi(tki Äy(±t (SK yi Kilsi p>Y)
bn sk[gi.
(5) (SK li[g a>F(vVis m[> miºyti nh)> rK[>g[.
(6) hi(nkirk km<ki>Dm[> (SK ~¹Fi nh)> rK[>g[.
(7) es (vVk[ sj<k ai]r (vniSk prmiRmi pr h) ~¹Fi hr (SK rK[gi.
(8) Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} k[ (lE sB) (SK b(ldin d[>g[.
(9) (A#iyi>< pDdi p\Yi nh)> rh[>g). es(lE v[ siD) nh) phn[>g).
(10) m(hliE< ai]r p&@P sB) smin drÌi (Status) vil[ hi[>g[.
(11) p&#i)k) hRyi krn[vili Äy(±t (SK p>Yki nh)> mini jiEgi.
(12) hr[k (SK pgD) phn[gi.
(13) ab k[ bid ki[e< (sK g&@ nh)> hi[gi,
Page No.4
(14) 'ai(d g&@ g\>Y v[d" g&@ hi[g[>
(15) Fm<pilnk) aiXi k[ smy sb (SK b(ldin d[n[ k[ (lE t]yir rh[gi.
pi>c 'k" k) aiXi
hr[k (SKki[ (nÀn 'k" s[ p\ir>B vil[ pi>c S¾di[>ki piln krni hi[gi.
(1) k[S : hr[k Kilsi p>Y vili Äy(kt k[S aYi<t` (SKi rK[gi.
(2) k>Gi : hr[k (SK k[S s>virn[k[ (lE (SKim>[ k>Gi rK[gi.
(3) kDi : hr[k Kilsi p>Y) hiYm[> Fit&ki kDi phn[gi.
(4) (krpin : hr[k (SK apn) kmrm[> Ci[T) tlvir aYi<t` (krpin rK[gi.
(5) kµC : hr[k (SKki[ (nÀn vA#i Ci[r phnni hi[gi.
p&#ii[>ki b(ldin :-
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hk[ cir p&#i Y[. di[ p&#i 'cmki]r" y&¹Fm[> m&slmini[> k[ siY y&¹F
krt[ smy mir[ gE. unk[ di[ p&#ii[>ki[ ai]>rgj[bn[ d)virm[> b>d krk[ mir Dil[.
en GTniai[>ki unk[ ñdy pr Bir) aiGit h&ai.
g&$ gi[(v>d(s>hki p\N :-
''m&z[ prmiRmin[ d&OTi[>ki niS ai]r Fm<k) AYipnik[ (lE e<Ævrn[ B[ji h].""
aiXi Be< akilk) tB) clieai[ p>Y.
sb (sKnki[ h&km h] g&@ mi(nyh& g>\Y.
g&@g>\Y aYi<t` ai(dg&@g\>Y v[di>t
s&cni: si(bh S¾d firs) BiPiki h].es(lE (vd[S) BiPiki S¾d Ryi¶y h].
'g&@g>\Y si(hb" ki v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ sip[xm[ 'ai(d g&@g\>Y v[di>t" hi[gi yi
'ai(d g&@g\>Y v[d" hi[gi.
(14) 'ai(d g&@ g\>Y v[d" g&@ hi[g[>
(15) Fm<pilnk) aiXi k[ smy sb (SK b(ldin d[n[ k[ (lE t]yir rh[gi.
pi>c 'k" k) aiXi
hr[k (SKki[ (nÀn 'k" s[ p\ir>B vil[ pi>c S¾di[>ki piln krni hi[gi.
(1) k[S : hr[k Kilsi p>Y vili Äy(kt k[S aYi<t` (SKi rK[gi.
(2) k>Gi : hr[k (SK k[S s>virn[k[ (lE (SKim>[ k>Gi rK[gi.
(3) kDi : hr[k Kilsi p>Y) hiYm[> Fit&ki kDi phn[gi.
(4) (krpin : hr[k (SK apn) kmrm[> Ci[T) tlvir aYi<t` (krpin rK[gi.
(5) kµC : hr[k (SKki[ (nÀn vA#i Ci[r phnni hi[gi.
p&#ii[>ki b(ldin :-
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hk[ cir p&#i Y[. di[ p&#i 'cmki]r" y&¹Fm[> m&slmini[> k[ siY y&¹F
krt[ smy mir[ gE. unk[ di[ p&#ii[>ki[ ai]>rgj[bn[ d)virm[> b>d krk[ mir Dil[.
en GTniai[>ki unk[ ñdy pr Bir) aiGit h&ai.
g&$ gi[(v>d(s>hki p\N :-
''m&z[ prmiRmin[ d&OTi[>ki niS ai]r Fm<k) AYipnik[ (lE e<Ævrn[ B[ji h].""
aiXi Be< akilk) tB) clieai[ p>Y.
sb (sKnki[ h&km h] g&@ mi(nyh& g>\Y.
g&@g>\Y aYi<t` ai(dg&@g\>Y v[di>t
s&cni: si(bh S¾d firs) BiPiki h].es(lE (vd[S) BiPiki S¾d Ryi¶y h].
'g&@g>\Y si(hb" ki v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ sip[xm[ 'ai(d g&@g\>Y v[di>t" hi[gi yi
'ai(d g&@g\>Y v[d" hi[gi.
Page No.5
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h ki 'jfrnimi" $pm[> ai]r>gz[bki[ p#i :-
''ai]r>gz[b, t&z[ Bgvin`ki[ phcinni ci(hE ai]r p\jiki[ d&:K) n krni
ci(hE. t&n[ ksm Kie< Y) (k, m]> smBiv rK*>gi. (ks)s[ lDie< nh)> k@>gi.
yh ksm {p\t)Xi yi p\N} t[r[ (lE Byivh h] . ab t* es[ {apn[ p\Nki[}
p*N< kr.
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hki upd[S ai]r Äy(±tRv :-
(1) ji[ Fm<pilnk[ (lE b(ldin d[ti h]; vh (SK h].
jb sRy ai]r ºyiyk) rxik[ sB) siFn nOT hi[ jit[ h]>; tlvir FirN krni
sv< Yi u(ct h]. g&@ gi[(v>d (s>hn[ 'a(>h>si" S¾d k) Eki>g) Äyi²yim[> p(rvt<n
(kyi. as&ri[>ki n>gi nic p\jiki[ #ii(h mim` #ii(h mim` krti hi[ tb unki
tlvirs[ vF krni u(ct h]. smijk[ FirN k[ (lE 'a(h>si" u(ct h];(kºt&
smij pr aRyicir krn[vil[ as&ri[ki niS krn[k[ (lE '(h>si" aivÆyk h].
upy&<±t Bivni ñdym[> rKkr (SKi[>ki[ tlvir FirN krn) ci(hE; E[si unki
upd[S Yi.
(2) ji(t B[dki (vri[F
unk[ p>c¼yir[ (v(vF vgi>[<s[ aiy[ Y[ (jnki g&@ki AYin (dyi gyi. g&@
gi[(v>d(s>h unk[ (SOy bn[. ji(tB[dki Ryig krk[ uºhi>[n[ Kilsi p>Y k[
an&yiy) bniy[. Kilsi p>Yk) n)(tyi[>ki ji[ an&srN krti h]; vh (SK mini
jiti h]; E[si unki upd[S Yi.
(3) a>F~Ûiki (vri[F
g&@gi[(v>d(s>h k[ smym[> ciri[ ai]r a>F~Ûiai[> ki sim\i¶y Yi, B*t-p\[t,
Di(kn), d[v- d[v)ki p\ki[p ai(d a>F~Ûi Gr Gr m[> Äyi¼t Y).uºhi>[n[
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h ki 'jfrnimi" $pm[> ai]r>gz[bki[ p#i :-
''ai]r>gz[b, t&z[ Bgvin`ki[ phcinni ci(hE ai]r p\jiki[ d&:K) n krni
ci(hE. t&n[ ksm Kie< Y) (k, m]> smBiv rK*>gi. (ks)s[ lDie< nh)> k@>gi.
yh ksm {p\t)Xi yi p\N} t[r[ (lE Byivh h] . ab t* es[ {apn[ p\Nki[}
p*N< kr.
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hki upd[S ai]r Äy(±tRv :-
(1) ji[ Fm<pilnk[ (lE b(ldin d[ti h]; vh (SK h].
jb sRy ai]r ºyiyk) rxik[ sB) siFn nOT hi[ jit[ h]>; tlvir FirN krni
sv< Yi u(ct h]. g&@ gi[(v>d (s>hn[ 'a(>h>si" S¾d k) Eki>g) Äyi²yim[> p(rvt<n
(kyi. as&ri[>ki n>gi nic p\jiki[ #ii(h mim` #ii(h mim` krti hi[ tb unki
tlvirs[ vF krni u(ct h]. smijk[ FirN k[ (lE 'a(h>si" u(ct h];(kºt&
smij pr aRyicir krn[vil[ as&ri[ki niS krn[k[ (lE '(h>si" aivÆyk h].
upy&<±t Bivni ñdym[> rKkr (SKi[>ki[ tlvir FirN krn) ci(hE; E[si unki
upd[S Yi.
(2) ji(t B[dki (vri[F
unk[ p>c¼yir[ (v(vF vgi>[<s[ aiy[ Y[ (jnki g&@ki AYin (dyi gyi. g&@
gi[(v>d(s>h unk[ (SOy bn[. ji(tB[dki Ryig krk[ uºhi>[n[ Kilsi p>Y k[
an&yiy) bniy[. Kilsi p>Yk) n)(tyi[>ki ji[ an&srN krti h]; vh (SK mini
jiti h]; E[si unki upd[S Yi.
(3) a>F~Ûiki (vri[F
g&@gi[(v>d(s>h k[ smym[> ciri[ ai]r a>F~Ûiai[> ki sim\i¶y Yi, B*t-p\[t,
Di(kn), d[v- d[v)ki p\ki[p ai(d a>F~Ûi Gr Gr m[> Äyi¼t Y).uºhi>[n[
Page No.6
a>F~Ûiki (vri[F (kyi. (sf< g&@g\>Y v[dk) h) sµc[ Bgvin` yi prmiRmi k[
@pm[> p*ji krn[ki uºhi[>n[ upd[S (dyi.
(4) mhip&@P
ait>kvid) S(±tyi[>ki niS krn[ k[ (lE n[tZRv krn[vil[ g&@gi[(v>d(s>h
mhip&@P Y[. m&Gl Sisk ai]r>gz[bn[ li[gi>[ ki s>p\diy p(rvt<n krvin[ k[ (lE
(h>si ki shiri (lyi Yi. g&@gi[(v>d(s>hn[ ait>k) m&Gl Siski[>ki p\(tkir
(kyi ai]r p\(tkir krn[k[ (lE Kilsi p>Yk) AYipni k). es p\kir unk[
kiy< s[ v[ mhip&$P bn gE. hr (SK smijrxk {Militia} sm*h h]>.
(5) m(hli aidr- sÀmin
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>nn[ (A#iyi[>ki[ B) Kilsi p>Y m[ si(ml hi[n[k) an&m(t d). uºhi[>n[
(A#iyi[>k) pDdi p\Yiki (vri[F (kyi; es(lE siD) n phnn[ki aid[S (dyi.
(A#iyi< ki[ Klisi p>Y k[ km<ki>Di[m[> (hAsi l[nk) an&m(t d). es p\kir g&@
gi[(v>d(s>h n[ A#i)-di(x·y btiyi. m(hli – p&@Pki smin dr¶ji (Status)
rKn[ki aih`vin (kyi.
(6) U<c- n)ck[ B[dki (vri[F
g&@gi[(v>d(s>hn[ hr[k S)Kk[ b)c sminti rKn[ki upd[S (dyi.smijm[> Ci[Ti-
bDi, am)r-gr)b E[s[ B[di>[ki[ d*r (kyi ai]r smijm[> Ekti p\din k).
(7) ai>tkvidki (vri[F
g&@gi[(v>d(s>hk[ smy m[> Birt vP< pr aik|mk krn[vil[ m&lsmini[> n[
BirtvP<k) (ndi[<P, Bi[l) p\ji pr By f]li rKi Yi. (A#iyi<ki aphrN,
bliRkir ai]r (ndi[<P li[gi[> pr 'm*(t<p*jk ki(fr" h]; E[si bhini bnikr
sim**(hk kRl (kyi . v[ p*ji AYli[>ki ¹v>s krt[ Y[. jbrn v[di>t) li[>gi>[ki[
a>F~Ûiki (vri[F (kyi. (sf< g&@g\>Y v[dk) h) sµc[ Bgvin` yi prmiRmi k[
@pm[> p*ji krn[ki uºhi[>n[ upd[S (dyi.
(4) mhip&@P
ait>kvid) S(±tyi[>ki niS krn[ k[ (lE n[tZRv krn[vil[ g&@gi[(v>d(s>h
mhip&@P Y[. m&Gl Sisk ai]r>gz[bn[ li[gi>[ ki s>p\diy p(rvt<n krvin[ k[ (lE
(h>si ki shiri (lyi Yi. g&@gi[(v>d(s>hn[ ait>k) m&Gl Siski[>ki p\(tkir
(kyi ai]r p\(tkir krn[k[ (lE Kilsi p>Yk) AYipni k). es p\kir unk[
kiy< s[ v[ mhip&$P bn gE. hr (SK smijrxk {Militia} sm*h h]>.
(5) m(hli aidr- sÀmin
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>nn[ (A#iyi[>ki[ B) Kilsi p>Y m[ si(ml hi[n[k) an&m(t d). uºhi[>n[
(A#iyi[>k) pDdi p\Yiki (vri[F (kyi; es(lE siD) n phnn[ki aid[S (dyi.
(A#iyi< ki[ Klisi p>Y k[ km<ki>Di[m[> (hAsi l[nk) an&m(t d). es p\kir g&@
gi[(v>d(s>h n[ A#i)-di(x·y btiyi. m(hli – p&@Pki smin dr¶ji (Status)
rKn[ki aih`vin (kyi.
(6) U<c- n)ck[ B[dki (vri[F
g&@gi[(v>d(s>hn[ hr[k S)Kk[ b)c sminti rKn[ki upd[S (dyi.smijm[> Ci[Ti-
bDi, am)r-gr)b E[s[ B[di>[ki[ d*r (kyi ai]r smijm[> Ekti p\din k).
(7) ai>tkvidki (vri[F
g&@gi[(v>d(s>hk[ smy m[> Birt vP< pr aik|mk krn[vil[ m&lsmini[> n[
BirtvP<k) (ndi[<P, Bi[l) p\ji pr By f]li rKi Yi. (A#iyi<ki aphrN,
bliRkir ai]r (ndi[<P li[gi[> pr 'm*(t<p*jk ki(fr" h]; E[si bhini bnikr
sim**(hk kRl (kyi . v[ p*ji AYli[>ki ¹v>s krt[ Y[. jbrn v[di>t) li[>gi>[ki[
Page No.7
eAlim s>p\diy apnin[ k[ (lE (vvS krt[ Y[ ai]r m&slmin bnit[ Y[.
g&@gi[(v>d(s>hn[ eAlim s>p\diyk[ an&yi(yai[>k[ ait>kvidki (vri[F Kilsi p>Y
k) AYipni oiri (kyi.
(8) sµc[ v[di>t)
g&@gi[(v>d(s>h sµc[ $pm>[ Fm<k) AYipni ai]r aFm<ki niS krn[vil[ v[di>t)
Y[. uºhi>[n[ ''p(r#iiNiy siF&nim` (vniSiy c d&OkZtim`"" g)ti vi±yki[ c(rtiY<
kr (dKiyi. y(d g&@ gi[(v>d j]s[ Fmi<ciy<, s>t ai]r yi[¹Fi n hi[t[ tb siri
Birt vP< eAlim s>p\diy vili d[S bn jiti. eAlim s>AkZ(t sir[ BirtvP<m[>
f]l jit) ai]r v[di>t s>AkZ(tki nimi[(nSin n hi[ti. es(lE v[ (vON& k[
avtir min[ jit[ h]>.
(9) v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi:
BirtvP<m[> aiy< ai]r W(vD s>AkZ(tyi<>k[ smºvyk[ bid 'v[di>t s>AkZ(t" E[si
nimkrN (kyi gyi; (jski m&(n v[dÄyis oiri ud`Bv (kyi gyi. prt>#itik[ kirN
'(hºd* s>AkZ(t" ai]r 'Birt)y s>AkZ(t" – E[s[ nimkrN h&E; yh s>p*N< aXin h].
viAtvm[> 'v[di>t s>AkZ(t" pr>prigt h]. ~)md` Bgvd`g)ti, b\M`s*#i, up(nPd`,
aigmi[, (c(pTk, g&@g\>Y v[d, (Sxip#i), ai(d g>\Y v[di>t (The Philosophy) ki
Xin p\At&t krt[ h]>. b\iM`N pr>pri ai]r ~mN pr>pri v[di>t Xin p\i¼t krn[ m[> E]±y
rKt[ h]>. g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hn[ 'Fm<piln" ki[ p\m&K AYin (dyi. 'Fm<piln" h) v[di>tki
an&piln h]. v[di>t ki aY< t_vXin (The Philosophy) h]. g&@gi[(v>d(s>h Ek bD[
t_vX (Philosopher) h]>. uºhi>[n[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi k[ (lE (vd[S) 'eAlim
s>AkZ(t" ki (vri[F (kyi; ji[ si>p\di(yk (Religious) (vcirFiri pr aiFi(rt h].
hr[k v[di>t) Äy(±t 'snitn Fm<" k) bit krti h]. yh 'snitn Fm<" v[di>t h) h].
eAlim s>p\diy apnin[ k[ (lE (vvS krt[ Y[ ai]r m&slmin bnit[ Y[.
g&@gi[(v>d(s>hn[ eAlim s>p\diyk[ an&yi(yai[>k[ ait>kvidki (vri[F Kilsi p>Y
k) AYipni oiri (kyi.
(8) sµc[ v[di>t)
g&@gi[(v>d(s>h sµc[ $pm>[ Fm<k) AYipni ai]r aFm<ki niS krn[vil[ v[di>t)
Y[. uºhi>[n[ ''p(r#iiNiy siF&nim` (vniSiy c d&OkZtim`"" g)ti vi±yki[ c(rtiY<
kr (dKiyi. y(d g&@ gi[(v>d j]s[ Fmi<ciy<, s>t ai]r yi[¹Fi n hi[t[ tb siri
Birt vP< eAlim s>p\diy vili d[S bn jiti. eAlim s>AkZ(t sir[ BirtvP<m[>
f]l jit) ai]r v[di>t s>AkZ(tki nimi[(nSin n hi[ti. es(lE v[ (vON& k[
avtir min[ jit[ h]>.
(9) v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi:
BirtvP<m[> aiy< ai]r W(vD s>AkZ(tyi<>k[ smºvyk[ bid 'v[di>t s>AkZ(t" E[si
nimkrN (kyi gyi; (jski m&(n v[dÄyis oiri ud`Bv (kyi gyi. prt>#itik[ kirN
'(hºd* s>AkZ(t" ai]r 'Birt)y s>AkZ(t" – E[s[ nimkrN h&E; yh s>p*N< aXin h].
viAtvm[> 'v[di>t s>AkZ(t" pr>prigt h]. ~)md` Bgvd`g)ti, b\M`s*#i, up(nPd`,
aigmi[, (c(pTk, g&@g\>Y v[d, (Sxip#i), ai(d g>\Y v[di>t (The Philosophy) ki
Xin p\At&t krt[ h]>. b\iM`N pr>pri ai]r ~mN pr>pri v[di>t Xin p\i¼t krn[ m[> E]±y
rKt[ h]>. g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hn[ 'Fm<piln" ki[ p\m&K AYin (dyi. 'Fm<piln" h) v[di>tki
an&piln h]. v[di>t ki aY< t_vXin (The Philosophy) h]. g&@gi[(v>d(s>h Ek bD[
t_vX (Philosopher) h]>. uºhi>[n[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi k[ (lE (vd[S) 'eAlim
s>AkZ(t" ki (vri[F (kyi; ji[ si>p\di(yk (Religious) (vcirFiri pr aiFi(rt h].
hr[k v[di>t) Äy(±t 'snitn Fm<" k) bit krti h]. yh 'snitn Fm<" v[di>t h) h].
Page No.8
v[di>t h) t_vXin h]. v[di>t h) 'Fm< piln" h]. aXin hmir) s>AkZ(tki niS kr
rhi h]; yh aXin g&lim) – prt>#itik[ kirN h]. yh aXin eAlim ai]r (K\At)
s>AkZ(tai[>k[ aik|mN s[ hi[ rhi h]. Birt)y v[di>t) li[gi[>ki s>p\diy p(rvt<n
m&slmin ai]r (K\At) sm&diym[> hi[ rhi h]. Avit>#y k[ bid B) aXin) li[g d[Ski
n[tZRv krk[ v[di>t) s>AkZ(tki aF:ptn kr rh[ h>]. unki[ 'v[di>t s>AkZ(t" ki
Av$p k]si h] esk[ bi[r[ m>[ sRy Xin nh)> h]. aXin) n[ti a>Fi j]si h>]. a>Fi
sRy smz skti nh)> h]; es(lE vh aFm)< Äy(±t as&r j]si h]. eski aY< yh
h] (k Avit>#yk[ bid d[Ski Sisn 'as&r" kr rh[ h]>. ji[ Birt vP<ki k|mS: niS
kr rh[ h]>. y[ as&r n[ti apn[ aipki[ d[SB±t bti rh[ h]>. v[ as&r n[ti v>d[mitrm`
bi[lkr d[Sk[ a(AtRvk[ p\(t Ktri bn gE h]>.
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h aRy>t Xin) Y[. unki upd[S d[SB±t Xin) li[g p]di kr rhi
h]. hr (SK d[SB±t Xin) h]. aXin) as&ri>[n[ e<‘s‘1984 m[> d[SB±t (SKi[>ki[
{kr)b 3000 ki[ }mir Dili jb riOT^ p\Finm>#i) e(ºdri gi>F)k) rijn)(tk hRyi di[
(SKi[>n[ k). g&@gi[(v>d(s>h d[SB(±t k]s[ hi[t) h]; eski upd[S n (sf< (SKi>[ki[,
(kºt& aºy v[di>t) p\jiki[ B) (dyi h]. unki upd[S hr Birt)y – v[d>it)ki[ g\hN
krni ci(hE.
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hki t_vXin (The Philosophy), ki[e< alg s>p\diy (Religion) h];
E[si BirtvP<k[ - v[di>t) li[g min rh[ h>]. (S(Kzm (Shikhism) ai]r (SK s>p\diy
(Shikha Religion) h]; E[si a>g\[ji[>k[ smy aXik[ kirN nimkrN (kyi gyi. ji[
srisr z*q h]. (S(Kzm (Shikhism) ai]r (SKs>p\diy (Shikh Religion) nh)> h].
yh g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hki t_vXin (The Philosophy) h]. ai(d g&@g>\Y v[d t_vXin yi
v[di>tki (n$pN krti h] ai]r upd[S d[ti h].
v[di>t h) t_vXin h]. v[di>t h) 'Fm< piln" h]. aXin hmir) s>AkZ(tki niS kr
rhi h]; yh aXin g&lim) – prt>#itik[ kirN h]. yh aXin eAlim ai]r (K\At)
s>AkZ(tai[>k[ aik|mN s[ hi[ rhi h]. Birt)y v[di>t) li[gi[>ki s>p\diy p(rvt<n
m&slmin ai]r (K\At) sm&diym[> hi[ rhi h]. Avit>#y k[ bid B) aXin) li[g d[Ski
n[tZRv krk[ v[di>t) s>AkZ(tki aF:ptn kr rh[ h>]. unki[ 'v[di>t s>AkZ(t" ki
Av$p k]si h] esk[ bi[r[ m>[ sRy Xin nh)> h]. aXin) n[ti a>Fi j]si h>]. a>Fi
sRy smz skti nh)> h]; es(lE vh aFm)< Äy(±t as&r j]si h]. eski aY< yh
h] (k Avit>#yk[ bid d[Ski Sisn 'as&r" kr rh[ h]>. ji[ Birt vP<ki k|mS: niS
kr rh[ h]>. y[ as&r n[ti apn[ aipki[ d[SB±t bti rh[ h]>. v[ as&r n[ti v>d[mitrm`
bi[lkr d[Sk[ a(AtRvk[ p\(t Ktri bn gE h]>.
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h aRy>t Xin) Y[. unki upd[S d[SB±t Xin) li[g p]di kr rhi
h]. hr (SK d[SB±t Xin) h]. aXin) as&ri>[n[ e<‘s‘1984 m[> d[SB±t (SKi[>ki[
{kr)b 3000 ki[ }mir Dili jb riOT^ p\Finm>#i) e(ºdri gi>F)k) rijn)(tk hRyi di[
(SKi[>n[ k). g&@gi[(v>d(s>h d[SB(±t k]s[ hi[t) h]; eski upd[S n (sf< (SKi>[ki[,
(kºt& aºy v[di>t) p\jiki[ B) (dyi h]. unki upd[S hr Birt)y – v[d>it)ki[ g\hN
krni ci(hE.
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hki t_vXin (The Philosophy), ki[e< alg s>p\diy (Religion) h];
E[si BirtvP<k[ - v[di>t) li[g min rh[ h>]. (S(Kzm (Shikhism) ai]r (SK s>p\diy
(Shikha Religion) h]; E[si a>g\[ji[>k[ smy aXik[ kirN nimkrN (kyi gyi. ji[
srisr z*q h]. (S(Kzm (Shikhism) ai]r (SKs>p\diy (Shikh Religion) nh)> h].
yh g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hki t_vXin (The Philosophy) h]. ai(d g&@g>\Y v[d t_vXin yi
v[di>tki (n$pN krti h] ai]r upd[S d[ti h].
Page No.9
s>(x¼t p(rcy
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h (sf< Ek E[s[ mhip&$P Y[, (jºhi[>n[ unk[ y&gk) ait>kvid)
S(±tyi[>k[ niS krn[ ai]r Fm< {kt<Äy (nOq} Ev> ºyiyk) p\(tOqi k[ (lE miti
g&jr)k) ki]Ks[ jºm (lyi. apn[ jºmki ud`[Æyki[ ApOT krt[ h&E khi (k, m&z[
prmiRmin[ d&OTi>[ki niS krn[ ai]r Fm<k) AYipnik[ (lE ah)> B[ji h].
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h k|i>(tkir) y&g p&@P Y[. v[ Ek Avt>#i a¹yiRm (c>tk,
BirtvP<k) pr>priai[>k[ s>vF<k, (nOqivin Gm< {kt<Äyi Bivni} p\vt<k, simi(jk
sminti ai]r simi(jk ºyiyk[ s>AYipk, minvti vid), li[k niyk ai]r Ek
S*rv)r riOT^niyk Y[. v[ sRy, ºyiy, sdicir, (nB)<kti, dQti, Ryig Ev> sihsk[
p\t)k Y[. uºhi[>n[ h>m[Si mt-mti>tr Ev> s>>p\diyi[>k[ a>F(vVisi[, aiD>bry&±t
si>p\di(yk n[tiai[>, piK>Dp*N< km<ki>Di[, ah>kiry&±t siFni p¹F(tyi< ai]r $Q)yi[>
ki (vri[F (kyi. ai]r Ryig, s>ts[vi, h(rnimk[ AmrNki upd[S (dyi. uºhi[>n[
sRy ai]r ºyiyk) rxik[ (lE d)n ai]r ashiy li[gi[>k[ pilnk[ (lE aij)vn
s>GP< (kyi. g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hn[ Birt)y a¹yiRm pr>priki[ nyi aiyim (dyi. usm[>
sihski s>(mln krk[ apn[ Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni}, apn[ v[di>t) sm&diy, apn[
d[S,apn) Avt>#iti ai]r apn[ AviB)mink) rxik[ (lE tlvirki[ FirN krn[ki
aihvin (kyi.
aig[ clkr Fm<ki piln ai]r smij rxik[ (lE Kilsi (vcirFirivili (c>tn
e<‘s‘ 1699 m[> p\id&B*<t (kyi. unk[ mnm[> d[Ski ci]m&Ki uRYin krn[k) Äyipk
kÃpni Y). mn, vcn ai]r km<s[ S&ÛÄy(±t Ki(ls {S&Û}hi[ti h].vh) Kilsi
(c>tnki sdAy bn skti h]. ji[ Äy(±t smijk[ (lE smp<N Biv –b(ldin Biv
rKni hi[ vh Kilsi p>Yki sdAy bn skti h].
uºhi[>n[ sb Xi(tyi[>k[ vg< -B[dki[ smi¼t krk[ minvti p]di k). unki ApOT
m>tÄy Yi (k sB) minvji(t Ek h) h]. uºhi[>n y&¹Fkli ki p\(SxN p\i¼t nh)>
s>(x¼t p(rcy
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h (sf< Ek E[s[ mhip&$P Y[, (jºhi[>n[ unk[ y&gk) ait>kvid)
S(±tyi[>k[ niS krn[ ai]r Fm< {kt<Äy (nOq} Ev> ºyiyk) p\(tOqi k[ (lE miti
g&jr)k) ki]Ks[ jºm (lyi. apn[ jºmki ud`[Æyki[ ApOT krt[ h&E khi (k, m&z[
prmiRmin[ d&OTi>[ki niS krn[ ai]r Fm<k) AYipnik[ (lE ah)> B[ji h].
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h k|i>(tkir) y&g p&@P Y[. v[ Ek Avt>#i a¹yiRm (c>tk,
BirtvP<k) pr>priai[>k[ s>vF<k, (nOqivin Gm< {kt<Äyi Bivni} p\vt<k, simi(jk
sminti ai]r simi(jk ºyiyk[ s>AYipk, minvti vid), li[k niyk ai]r Ek
S*rv)r riOT^niyk Y[. v[ sRy, ºyiy, sdicir, (nB)<kti, dQti, Ryig Ev> sihsk[
p\t)k Y[. uºhi[>n[ h>m[Si mt-mti>tr Ev> s>>p\diyi[>k[ a>F(vVisi[, aiD>bry&±t
si>p\di(yk n[tiai[>, piK>Dp*N< km<ki>Di[, ah>kiry&±t siFni p¹F(tyi< ai]r $Q)yi[>
ki (vri[F (kyi. ai]r Ryig, s>ts[vi, h(rnimk[ AmrNki upd[S (dyi. uºhi[>n[
sRy ai]r ºyiyk) rxik[ (lE d)n ai]r ashiy li[gi[>k[ pilnk[ (lE aij)vn
s>GP< (kyi. g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hn[ Birt)y a¹yiRm pr>priki[ nyi aiyim (dyi. usm[>
sihski s>(mln krk[ apn[ Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni}, apn[ v[di>t) sm&diy, apn[
d[S,apn) Avt>#iti ai]r apn[ AviB)mink) rxik[ (lE tlvirki[ FirN krn[ki
aihvin (kyi.
aig[ clkr Fm<ki piln ai]r smij rxik[ (lE Kilsi (vcirFirivili (c>tn
e<‘s‘ 1699 m[> p\id&B*<t (kyi. unk[ mnm[> d[Ski ci]m&Ki uRYin krn[k) Äyipk
kÃpni Y). mn, vcn ai]r km<s[ S&ÛÄy(±t Ki(ls {S&Û}hi[ti h].vh) Kilsi
(c>tnki sdAy bn skti h]. ji[ Äy(±t smijk[ (lE smp<N Biv –b(ldin Biv
rKni hi[ vh Kilsi p>Yki sdAy bn skti h].
uºhi[>n[ sb Xi(tyi[>k[ vg< -B[dki[ smi¼t krk[ minvti p]di k). unki ApOT
m>tÄy Yi (k sB) minvji(t Ek h) h]. uºhi[>n y&¹Fkli ki p\(SxN p\i¼t nh)>
Page No.10
(kyi Yi; (frB) Kilsi sm&diyk[ ~[Oq yi[¹Fi Y[. unm[> smij ai]r Fm< {kt<Äy
Bivni} k[ (lE b(ldin k) Bivni Y).
BirtvP<k) a(Amti, BirtvP<k) (vrist ai]r j)vn n)(tyi[>k) rxik[ (lE,
smijki[ nE (sr[s[ t]yir krn[k[ (lE, Kilsi sm&diy t]yir (kyi. g&@gi[(v>d
(s>hn[ minvtivid) Ø(OTki p\(tpidn ai]r p\vt<n (kyi; yh aijk[ y&gm[> B) hmiri
mig<dS<n kr rhi h]. unki[ sRy ai]r ºyiyk[ (lE SA#iki[ FirN krni pDi.
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h ki[ s_ii ai]r s_iis&K ciht[ nh)> Y[. unki ki[e< v]r) nh)> Yi.
unk[ j)vnki h[t& Si>(t Ev> smij kÃyiNki Yi. (Svij) rijS(±tk[ p\t)k Y[;
(kºt& g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h s>t ai]r (spih) k[ $pm[> d[K[ jit[ h]>. ~)md Bgvd` g)tim[>
aj&<nn[ khi 'k(rOy[ vcn> tv." aj&<nk) yh Fm<piln (Performance with
divine duties with compassion) k) Bivniki[ g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hn[ c(rtiY< kr
(dKie<. ~) kZONn[ t_vdS<n (The Philosophy) yi v[di>t ki[ (s>¹Fiti[> (Principles)
k[ $pm[> p\kT (kyi ai]r aj&<nn[ t_vdS<nki Äyvhiri[> k[ (Practice) $p p\kT
(kyi. v[di>t yi t_vdS<nk[ di[ phl& - (s¹Fi>t ai]r Äyvhir – h>].
g&@gi[(v>d(s>hn[ aj&<nk[ p\Nki[ c(rtiY< krt[ h&E ~[Oq Äyvhiri>[ki udihrN p\At&t
(kyi h]. Fm<k) rxi (Protection of divine duties) krn[vil[ mhin` g&@gi[(v>d(s>h
(vON&k[ avtir min[ jit[ h]>.
(kyi Yi; (frB) Kilsi sm&diyk[ ~[Oq yi[¹Fi Y[. unm[> smij ai]r Fm< {kt<Äy
Bivni} k[ (lE b(ldin k) Bivni Y).
BirtvP<k) a(Amti, BirtvP<k) (vrist ai]r j)vn n)(tyi[>k) rxik[ (lE,
smijki[ nE (sr[s[ t]yir krn[k[ (lE, Kilsi sm&diy t]yir (kyi. g&@gi[(v>d
(s>hn[ minvtivid) Ø(OTki p\(tpidn ai]r p\vt<n (kyi; yh aijk[ y&gm[> B) hmiri
mig<dS<n kr rhi h]. unki[ sRy ai]r ºyiyk[ (lE SA#iki[ FirN krni pDi.
g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h ki[ s_ii ai]r s_iis&K ciht[ nh)> Y[. unki ki[e< v]r) nh)> Yi.
unk[ j)vnki h[t& Si>(t Ev> smij kÃyiNki Yi. (Svij) rijS(±tk[ p\t)k Y[;
(kºt& g&@ gi[(v>d(s>h s>t ai]r (spih) k[ $pm[> d[K[ jit[ h]>. ~)md Bgvd` g)tim[>
aj&<nn[ khi 'k(rOy[ vcn> tv." aj&<nk) yh Fm<piln (Performance with
divine duties with compassion) k) Bivniki[ g&@ gi[(v>d(s>hn[ c(rtiY< kr
(dKie<. ~) kZONn[ t_vdS<n (The Philosophy) yi v[di>t ki[ (s>¹Fiti[> (Principles)
k[ $pm[> p\kT (kyi ai]r aj&<nn[ t_vdS<nki Äyvhiri[> k[ (Practice) $p p\kT
(kyi. v[di>t yi t_vdS<nk[ di[ phl& - (s¹Fi>t ai]r Äyvhir – h>].
g&@gi[(v>d(s>hn[ aj&<nk[ p\Nki[ c(rtiY< krt[ h&E ~[Oq Äyvhiri>[ki udihrN p\At&t
(kyi h]. Fm<k) rxi (Protection of divine duties) krn[vil[ mhin` g&@gi[(v>d(s>h
(vON&k[ avtir min[ jit[ h]>.
Page No.1
tRvX: Avim) (vv[kin>d
rimkZON m)Sn k[ AYipk ai]r p\cirk Avim) (vv[kin>d BirtvP< k[ mhin
t_vdS)< {Philosopher} Y[. uºhi[>n[ BirtvP< k[ y&vki[> m[> ''u(tOqt jig\t vrin`
p\i¼y (nbi[Ft ."" E[s[ up(nPd` k[ upd[S k[ vi±y ki[ p\c(lt (kyi. (jski aY< h]
– ''aip sb p\vZt bni[, jig\t bni[ ai]r ~\[Oq Xin) Äy(ktyi[> ki[ Ki[jkr p\i¼t kri[
ai]r uns[ bi[F p\i¼t kri[ ."" prt>#i BirtvP< m[> uºhi[>n[ Xin k) ¶yi[(t jgiy), ji[
Avit>#y p\i(¼t k[ (vcir p\ji m[> p\¶v(lt h&e< . v[di>t s>AkZ(t rxi k[ (lE unk[ ñdy
m[> adÀy uRsih Yi.
jºm ki nim – nr[ºWniY (vÅvniY d_ii
d)xik[ bid ki nim – Avim) (vv[kin>d
(pti – (vÅvniY
(pti ki Äyvsiy – EDvi[k[T
g&$ - rimkZON prmh>s, b[l&r mq, rim(kON mq, simkZON m)Sn
jºm AYin – ki[lkiti
jºm vP< - 12/01/1863
(nvi<N vP< - 04/07/1902
j)vnkil – 39 vP<
an&yiy) s&~) nv[(dti
p\(sÛ sv<s>p\diy sBi :- e<‘ s‘ 1893 m[> (Skigi[ m[> sv< s>p\diy sBi ki
aiyi[jn h&ai Yi, esm[> up(AY(t k[ (lE Avim) (vv[kin>d nigisik), ki[b[, yi[ki[himi,
ai[siki, ±yi[Ti[, ciyni, k[n[Di ai(d ngri[> ai]r d[Si[> k) yi#ii krk[ ai]r p\vcn krt[
h&E (Skigi[ e<‘s‘ 1893 m[> ph&<>c[ .es sBi m[> uºhi[>n[ v[di>t k[ bir[m[> ji[ p\vcn (kyi ;
ess[ v[ (vÅv p\(so h&E . BirtvP< m[> Avim) (vv[kin>d Ek riOT^B±t k[ $pm[> uBr
aiE . unk[ p\vcni[> ki s>g\h ai]r p#ii[> ki s>g\h (kyi gyi h]. ens[ hm[> Avim)
(vv[kin>d k[ Äy(ktRv k[ bir[ m[> jinkir) (mlt) h].
tRvX: Avim) (vv[kin>d
rimkZON m)Sn k[ AYipk ai]r p\cirk Avim) (vv[kin>d BirtvP< k[ mhin
t_vdS)< {Philosopher} Y[. uºhi[>n[ BirtvP< k[ y&vki[> m[> ''u(tOqt jig\t vrin`
p\i¼y (nbi[Ft ."" E[s[ up(nPd` k[ upd[S k[ vi±y ki[ p\c(lt (kyi. (jski aY< h]
– ''aip sb p\vZt bni[, jig\t bni[ ai]r ~\[Oq Xin) Äy(ktyi[> ki[ Ki[jkr p\i¼t kri[
ai]r uns[ bi[F p\i¼t kri[ ."" prt>#i BirtvP< m[> uºhi[>n[ Xin k) ¶yi[(t jgiy), ji[
Avit>#y p\i(¼t k[ (vcir p\ji m[> p\¶v(lt h&e< . v[di>t s>AkZ(t rxi k[ (lE unk[ ñdy
m[> adÀy uRsih Yi.
jºm ki nim – nr[ºWniY (vÅvniY d_ii
d)xik[ bid ki nim – Avim) (vv[kin>d
(pti – (vÅvniY
(pti ki Äyvsiy – EDvi[k[T
g&$ - rimkZON prmh>s, b[l&r mq, rim(kON mq, simkZON m)Sn
jºm AYin – ki[lkiti
jºm vP< - 12/01/1863
(nvi<N vP< - 04/07/1902
j)vnkil – 39 vP<
an&yiy) s&~) nv[(dti
p\(sÛ sv<s>p\diy sBi :- e<‘ s‘ 1893 m[> (Skigi[ m[> sv< s>p\diy sBi ki
aiyi[jn h&ai Yi, esm[> up(AY(t k[ (lE Avim) (vv[kin>d nigisik), ki[b[, yi[ki[himi,
ai[siki, ±yi[Ti[, ciyni, k[n[Di ai(d ngri[> ai]r d[Si[> k) yi#ii krk[ ai]r p\vcn krt[
h&E (Skigi[ e<‘s‘ 1893 m[> ph&<>c[ .es sBi m[> uºhi[>n[ v[di>t k[ bir[m[> ji[ p\vcn (kyi ;
ess[ v[ (vÅv p\(so h&E . BirtvP< m[> Avim) (vv[kin>d Ek riOT^B±t k[ $pm[> uBr
aiE . unk[ p\vcni[> ki s>g\h ai]r p#ii[> ki s>g\h (kyi gyi h]. ens[ hm[> Avim)
(vv[kin>d k[ Äy(ktRv k[ bir[ m[> jinkir) (mlt) h].
Page No.2
kºyik&mir) m[> Avim) (vv[kin>dki ri[k m[mi[(ryl bniyi gyi h], jhi<> uºhi[>n[
(Skigi[ sv< s>p\diy p(rPdm[> jin[s[ phl[ a>t:(c>tn {Meditation} (kyi Yi. vhi<>
unk[ p\vcni[> p#ii[> ai]r unk[ bir[m[> (lK[ gE si(hRy ki s>g\h (kyi gyi h].
Avim) (v[kin>d ki BirtvP< ki[ p\din
prt>#i BirtvP<m[> e<‘s‘ 1857 k[ smy (b\T)S Sisnn[ BirtvP<m[> riOT^vid)
Äy(ktyi[> ki[ c&n c&n kr fi>s) pr lTki (dE. e<‘s‘ 1857 k) GTni n ti[ (vWi[h Yi
yi n ti[ p\Ym Avit>#y s>g\im Yi; (kºt& e<‘s‘1857 s[ 1857 k[ 100 vP< tk k[ (b\T)S
Sisnki s>p*N< BirtvP< pr Sisn Gi[(Pt krn[ ki Cl-kpT {Conspiracy} Yi.
riOT^vid) (ryisti[>k[ s>cilki[> pr (vWi[hki bhini Yi[p kr sB)ki kRl kr (dyi.
ei>is)k) rin) lÈm)bie<ki Sisn hDp l[n[ (lE us pr (v\di(hyi[>ki[ uksin[ vil)
btikr k|*rtip*N< mir Dili. bhid&r Sih jfrk[ b[Ti[> ai]r unk[ pi]#ii[>ki[ fi>s) pr
lTki (dE. m&Fl Siski Ek B) p&@P virsdir j)(vt n rKi. rixsk) trh sir[
Birtm[> Sisn Gi[(Pt kr a>g\[ji[n[> aT`T hiAy (kyi.
Avim) (vv[kin>d (ks) (ryistk[ sdAy nh)> Y[ (kºt& rimkZON prmh>sk[ (SOy
Y[. a>g\[j srkir Bgvi vA#i FirNkrn[vil[ riOT^vid) siF&ai[> pr (ngrin) rKt) Y).
a>g\[ji[>n[ Avim) dyin>d srAvt) ai]r srAvt) ai]r Avim) (vv[kin>d j]s[ riOT^B±ti[>ki[
mi]tk[ GiT utir (dE.E[si an&min (kyi jiti h].
(b\T)S Sisnk[ smy rhAymy mZRy&
1. â(P Avim) dyin>dk) mZRy& jhrs[ h&e<. (ksn[ jhr (dyi yh Ek rhAy h].
2. Avim) (vv[kin>dk) mZRy& 39 vP<m[> (ks Äyi(Fs[ h&e< yh Ek rhAy h].
Avit>#y k[ bid rhAymy mZRy&
1. Di<‘ hi[m) BiBik) mZRy& Ek rhAy h].
aiüs pv<t pr (vmin hidsi Ek Cl h].
2. Di<‘ (vk|msiriBie< k) mZRy& Ek rhAy h].
kºyik&mir) m[> Avim) (vv[kin>dki ri[k m[mi[(ryl bniyi gyi h], jhi<> uºhi[>n[
(Skigi[ sv< s>p\diy p(rPdm[> jin[s[ phl[ a>t:(c>tn {Meditation} (kyi Yi. vhi<>
unk[ p\vcni[> p#ii[> ai]r unk[ bir[m[> (lK[ gE si(hRy ki s>g\h (kyi gyi h].
Avim) (v[kin>d ki BirtvP< ki[ p\din
prt>#i BirtvP<m[> e<‘s‘ 1857 k[ smy (b\T)S Sisnn[ BirtvP<m[> riOT^vid)
Äy(ktyi[> ki[ c&n c&n kr fi>s) pr lTki (dE. e<‘s‘ 1857 k) GTni n ti[ (vWi[h Yi
yi n ti[ p\Ym Avit>#y s>g\im Yi; (kºt& e<‘s‘1857 s[ 1857 k[ 100 vP< tk k[ (b\T)S
Sisnki s>p*N< BirtvP< pr Sisn Gi[(Pt krn[ ki Cl-kpT {Conspiracy} Yi.
riOT^vid) (ryisti[>k[ s>cilki[> pr (vWi[hki bhini Yi[p kr sB)ki kRl kr (dyi.
ei>is)k) rin) lÈm)bie<ki Sisn hDp l[n[ (lE us pr (v\di(hyi[>ki[ uksin[ vil)
btikr k|*rtip*N< mir Dili. bhid&r Sih jfrk[ b[Ti[> ai]r unk[ pi]#ii[>ki[ fi>s) pr
lTki (dE. m&Fl Siski Ek B) p&@P virsdir j)(vt n rKi. rixsk) trh sir[
Birtm[> Sisn Gi[(Pt kr a>g\[ji[n[> aT`T hiAy (kyi.
Avim) (vv[kin>d (ks) (ryistk[ sdAy nh)> Y[ (kºt& rimkZON prmh>sk[ (SOy
Y[. a>g\[j srkir Bgvi vA#i FirNkrn[vil[ riOT^vid) siF&ai[> pr (ngrin) rKt) Y).
a>g\[ji[>n[ Avim) dyin>d srAvt) ai]r srAvt) ai]r Avim) (vv[kin>d j]s[ riOT^B±ti[>ki[
mi]tk[ GiT utir (dE.E[si an&min (kyi jiti h].
(b\T)S Sisnk[ smy rhAymy mZRy&
1. â(P Avim) dyin>dk) mZRy& jhrs[ h&e<. (ksn[ jhr (dyi yh Ek rhAy h].
2. Avim) (vv[kin>dk) mZRy& 39 vP<m[> (ks Äyi(Fs[ h&e< yh Ek rhAy h].
Avit>#y k[ bid rhAymy mZRy&
1. Di<‘ hi[m) BiBik) mZRy& Ek rhAy h].
aiüs pv<t pr (vmin hidsi Ek Cl h].
2. Di<‘ (vk|msiriBie< k) mZRy& Ek rhAy h].
Page No.3
3. srdir vÃlBBie< pT[l k) mZRy& Ek rhAy h].
v[ BirtvP<k[ (vBijnk[ (v$Û Y[. BirtvP<k) Ektik[ (lE 562 (ryisti[>ki
BirtvP<m[> (vly (kyi. a>g\[ji>[k) (ryisti[>ki[ Avit>#y d[n[k) yi[jni nOT k).
v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi
Avim) (vv[kin>d rimkZON prmh>sk[ (SOy Y[. unk[ b[l&$ mqm[> Avim)
(vv[kin>dn[ (dxi g\hN k) Y). unk[ g&$n[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ aF:ptn (vd[S)
(k\(Åvyin)T) ai]r eAlim s>AkZ(tyi[>k[ aik\mN hi[ rhi h], esk[ bir[m[> bi[F (dyi
Yi.Avim) (vv[kin>dn[ 'rimkZON (mSn" k) AYipni krk[ eski p\cir-p\sir
BirtvP<m[> (kyi. v[di>t s>AkZ(t v[di[>s[ p]di h&e< h], es(lE uºhi[>n[ v[d, v[di>tki
a¹yipn- a¹yyn[ krn[ki aig\h> (kyi. (b|T)S s>AYinvid) Sisn (k|(V|yin)T)
ki p\sir krk[ BirtvP<k) v[di>t) p\jiki[ (K\At) bnin[ki si>p\di(yk p(rvt<n kr
rhi Yi. y(d BirtvP< sB) li[g (K\At)bn jiy yi sB) m&slmin bn jiy tb
v[di>t) li[g ai]r v[di>t s>AkZ(tki a(AtRv rh skti nh)> h]. v[di>t s>AkZ(tki
a(AtRv bniE rKn[ k[ (lE Avim) (vv[kin>d n[ p[\rNi d), (jss[ v[di>t, v[d, ai(d
ki a¹yyn a¹yipnh hi[ sk[.
riOT^vid) Äy(kRv
BirtvP<m>[ Ci[T)-bD) 562 (ryist[> Y). d[S (v(vF ri¶yi[>m[> (vB±t Yi. en
ri¶yi[>m[ Avit>#yk[ (lE Ektik) Bivni li[gi[>m[> nh)> Y). Avim) dyin>dn[ sir[
BirtvP<m[> B\mN krk[ p\jim[> riOT^vidk) jig\(t p]di k). (vv[kin>dk) yh p\vZ(t
(b\T)S Sisnki[ ps>d nh)> Y). unk) hRyik[ (lE Cl kpT (b\T)S Sisnn[ (kyi.
±yi 39 vP< j]s) km um\m[> a>g\[ji[>n[ unk) hRyi k) Y) ?
±yi unk) mZRy& Ek rhAy nh)> h] ? uºhi[>n[ apn[ p\vcni[> oiri li[gi[>m[> Avit>#yk)
cih p]di k). mh(P< dyin>d srAvt)k[ bid Avim) (vv[kin>dn[ li[gi[>m[ ''yh
3. srdir vÃlBBie< pT[l k) mZRy& Ek rhAy h].
v[ BirtvP<k[ (vBijnk[ (v$Û Y[. BirtvP<k) Ektik[ (lE 562 (ryisti[>ki
BirtvP<m[> (vly (kyi. a>g\[ji>[k) (ryisti[>ki[ Avit>#y d[n[k) yi[jni nOT k).
v[di>t s>AkZ(tk) rxi
Avim) (vv[kin>d rimkZON prmh>sk[ (SOy Y[. unk[ b[l&$ mqm[> Avim)
(vv[kin>dn[ (dxi g\hN k) Y). unk[ g&$n[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ aF:ptn (vd[S)
(k\(Åvyin)T) ai]r eAlim s>AkZ(tyi[>k[ aik\mN hi[ rhi h], esk[ bir[m[> bi[F (dyi
Yi.Avim) (vv[kin>dn[ 'rimkZON (mSn" k) AYipni krk[ eski p\cir-p\sir
BirtvP<m[> (kyi. v[di>t s>AkZ(t v[di[>s[ p]di h&e< h], es(lE uºhi[>n[ v[d, v[di>tki
a¹yipn- a¹yyn[ krn[ki aig\h> (kyi. (b|T)S s>AYinvid) Sisn (k|(V|yin)T)
ki p\sir krk[ BirtvP<k) v[di>t) p\jiki[ (K\At) bnin[ki si>p\di(yk p(rvt<n kr
rhi Yi. y(d BirtvP< sB) li[g (K\At)bn jiy yi sB) m&slmin bn jiy tb
v[di>t) li[g ai]r v[di>t s>AkZ(tki a(AtRv rh skti nh)> h]. v[di>t s>AkZ(tki
a(AtRv bniE rKn[ k[ (lE Avim) (vv[kin>d n[ p[\rNi d), (jss[ v[di>t, v[d, ai(d
ki a¹yyn a¹yipnh hi[ sk[.
riOT^vid) Äy(kRv
BirtvP<m>[ Ci[T)-bD) 562 (ryist[> Y). d[S (v(vF ri¶yi[>m[> (vB±t Yi. en
ri¶yi[>m[ Avit>#yk[ (lE Ektik) Bivni li[gi[>m[> nh)> Y). Avim) dyin>dn[ sir[
BirtvP<m[> B\mN krk[ p\jim[> riOT^vidk) jig\(t p]di k). (vv[kin>dk) yh p\vZ(t
(b\T)S Sisnki[ ps>d nh)> Y). unk) hRyik[ (lE Cl kpT (b\T)S Sisnn[ (kyi.
±yi 39 vP< j]s) km um\m[> a>g\[ji[>n[ unk) hRyi k) Y) ?
±yi unk) mZRy& Ek rhAy nh)> h] ? uºhi[>n[ apn[ p\vcni[> oiri li[gi[>m[> Avit>#yk)
cih p]di k). mh(P< dyin>d srAvt)k[ bid Avim) (vv[kin>dn[ li[gi[>m[ ''yh
Page No.4
BirtvP< hmiri h]. BirtvP<ki Sisn krni hmiri a(Fkir h]. v[di>t s>AkZ(t pr
hi[ rh[ aikmN ki[ ri[kni hmiri Fm< {kt<Äy} h]."" E[s) jig\(t p]di k) .
BirtvP<m[> an[k t_vX
t_vdS<n Ek ai]r mi#i Ek h) hi[ti h]. t_v d(Syi[>k[ an&yiy) t_vdS<nk[
upd[Si[m[> (vkZ(t p[di kr d[t[ h>], ess[ t_vdS<nki Av$p p(rv(t<t hi[ jiti h]. y[
an&yiy) smyk[ p\vihm[> t_vdS<ki s>p\diym[> $pi>tr kr d[t[ h]>. li[gi[>ki[ yh smz m[>
nh)> aiti (k t_vdS<nki viAt(vk Av$p ±yi h] ? Avim) (vv[kin>dk[ smym[> (nÀn
t_vXi[>n[ t_vdS<nki upd[S (dyi Yi.
1. v[d Äyis – u_irm)mi>si dS<n, b\Ms*#i
2. gi]tm b&Û – (#i(pTk
3. mhiv)r Avim) – aigm
4. ai(d S>kriciy< - b\Ms*#i BiOy
5. gi]Avim) t&ls)dis – rimc(rt mins
6. mh(P< Avim) dyi>nd srAvt) – sRyiY< p\kiS
7. Avim) (vv[kin>d – p\vcn ai]r p#i s>g\h
8. g&$ gi[(v>d(s>h – g&$ g\>Y v[d
9. mhip\B& vÃBiciy< - ~)md Bigvt`
10. shjin>d Avim) – (Sxip#i)
upy&<>±t s*(ck[ alivi aºy an[k tRvdS)< h&E h] ji[ aXit rh[ h>].
(vv[kin>d upy&<±t sB) t_vXi[>ki (c>tn 'v[di>t" yi t_vXin {The
Philosophy} oiri E[kti p\kT krni ciht[ Y[. Avim) (vv[kin>dk[ p\vcni[>m[
es yh t¸y ki ujigir h&ai h].
BirtvP< hmiri h]. BirtvP<ki Sisn krni hmiri a(Fkir h]. v[di>t s>AkZ(t pr
hi[ rh[ aikmN ki[ ri[kni hmiri Fm< {kt<Äy} h]."" E[s) jig\(t p]di k) .
BirtvP<m[> an[k t_vX
t_vdS<n Ek ai]r mi#i Ek h) hi[ti h]. t_v d(Syi[>k[ an&yiy) t_vdS<nk[
upd[Si[m[> (vkZ(t p[di kr d[t[ h>], ess[ t_vdS<nki Av$p p(rv(t<t hi[ jiti h]. y[
an&yiy) smyk[ p\vihm[> t_vdS<ki s>p\diym[> $pi>tr kr d[t[ h]>. li[gi[>ki[ yh smz m[>
nh)> aiti (k t_vdS<nki viAt(vk Av$p ±yi h] ? Avim) (vv[kin>dk[ smym[> (nÀn
t_vXi[>n[ t_vdS<nki upd[S (dyi Yi.
1. v[d Äyis – u_irm)mi>si dS<n, b\Ms*#i
2. gi]tm b&Û – (#i(pTk
3. mhiv)r Avim) – aigm
4. ai(d S>kriciy< - b\Ms*#i BiOy
5. gi]Avim) t&ls)dis – rimc(rt mins
6. mh(P< Avim) dyi>nd srAvt) – sRyiY< p\kiS
7. Avim) (vv[kin>d – p\vcn ai]r p#i s>g\h
8. g&$ gi[(v>d(s>h – g&$ g\>Y v[d
9. mhip\B& vÃBiciy< - ~)md Bigvt`
10. shjin>d Avim) – (Sxip#i)
upy&<>±t s*(ck[ alivi aºy an[k tRvdS)< h&E h] ji[ aXit rh[ h>].
(vv[kin>d upy&<±t sB) t_vXi[>ki (c>tn 'v[di>t" yi t_vXin {The
Philosophy} oiri E[kti p\kT krni ciht[ Y[. Avim) (vv[kin>dk[ p\vcni[>m[
es yh t¸y ki ujigir h&ai h].
Page No.5
t_vXin snitn h]. t_vXin Ek h) h]. upy&<>kt t_vXi>[n[ snitn
(vcir p\kT (kE h]> . sB) v[di>t) tRvXinki[ minn[vil[ an&yiy) h]. t_vXin
(sÜi>t a(Bm&K {Principle Oriented} h], jb (k Fm<piln p\vZ(t- Äyvhir
{Practice-Oriented} h]. (s¹di>t ai]r Äyvhir t_vXin k[ (s±k[ di[ phl&
h]. upy&<±t t_vdiS<(nki[> k[ (sÛi>ti[ Ek h) h], (kºt& Fm<piln Äyvhirm[>
(Bºnti p]di k) h]. yh (Bºnti ky<ki>Dm[> h>] (kºt& (sÛi>tm[> nh). S¾di[>k)
Äyi²yim[> (Bºnti rh) h]. sRyk[ p\(t d(OTki[Nm[> (Bºnti rh) h].
Ek> st` (vp\i: bh&Fi vd(ºt.
minv j)vnm[> (jski mh_v nh)> h], E[s[ S¾di[> ai]r (vFini[>k[ bir[m[>
t_v(c>tnki[> m[> mtB[d p]di h&E h]. viAtvm[> y[ mtB[d aXinki p\dS<n h], yi
Eki>g) h].
p\Ån
1. Bgvin h] yi nh)> ?>
2. aiRmi h] yi nh)> ?
3. prmiRmi h] yi nh)> ?
4. b\M h] yi nh)> ?
5. ±yi aiRmi, prmiRmi h) b\M h]?
6. b\Mi>D (ksn[ p]di (kyi ?
7. es (vÅvm[> a>t)m yi k[vl) Xin ±yi h] ?
8. ±yi v[d api]$P[y {Bgvin oiri (n(m<t} h] ?
9. a>t)m sRy ±yi h] ?
10. b\Mi>D ±yi[> p]di (kyi ?
11. b\Mi>D ±yi[> p]di h&ai ?
12. b\Mi>D ki ±yi niS hi[gi ?
t_vXin snitn h]. t_vXin Ek h) h]. upy&<>kt t_vXi>[n[ snitn
(vcir p\kT (kE h]> . sB) v[di>t) tRvXinki[ minn[vil[ an&yiy) h]. t_vXin
(sÜi>t a(Bm&K {Principle Oriented} h], jb (k Fm<piln p\vZ(t- Äyvhir
{Practice-Oriented} h]. (s¹di>t ai]r Äyvhir t_vXin k[ (s±k[ di[ phl&
h]. upy&<±t t_vdiS<(nki[> k[ (sÛi>ti[ Ek h) h], (kºt& Fm<piln Äyvhirm[>
(Bºnti p]di k) h]. yh (Bºnti ky<ki>Dm[> h>] (kºt& (sÛi>tm[> nh). S¾di[>k)
Äyi²yim[> (Bºnti rh) h]. sRyk[ p\(t d(OTki[Nm[> (Bºnti rh) h].
Ek> st` (vp\i: bh&Fi vd(ºt.
minv j)vnm[> (jski mh_v nh)> h], E[s[ S¾di[> ai]r (vFini[>k[ bir[m[>
t_v(c>tnki[> m[> mtB[d p]di h&E h]. viAtvm[> y[ mtB[d aXinki p\dS<n h], yi
Eki>g) h].
p\Ån
1. Bgvin h] yi nh)> ?>
2. aiRmi h] yi nh)> ?
3. prmiRmi h] yi nh)> ?
4. b\M h] yi nh)> ?
5. ±yi aiRmi, prmiRmi h) b\M h]?
6. b\Mi>D (ksn[ p]di (kyi ?
7. es (vÅvm[> a>t)m yi k[vl) Xin ±yi h] ?
8. ±yi v[d api]$P[y {Bgvin oiri (n(m<t} h] ?
9. a>t)m sRy ±yi h] ?
10. b\Mi>D ±yi[> p]di (kyi ?
11. b\Mi>D ±yi[> p]di h&ai ?
12. b\Mi>D ki ±yi niS hi[gi ?
Page No.6
13. 'a(h>si" k) Äyi²yi ±yi sRy h] ?
14. a(h>siki Av$p ±yi h] ?
15. ±yi 'Fm<piln" h) e<Åvr Bgvin` ai]r b\Mk) B(±t h] ?
16. ±yi 'Fm<piln" {k$Nik[ siY p(v#i kt<Äy Bivni} k) Äy²yi k)
ge< h] ?
17. ±yi t_vXin {The Philosophy} k) Äyi²yi k) ge< h] ?
18. ±yi v[di>t h) t_vXin h] ?
(vFin
1. Ek: a(Am bh&: Ayim.
m]> Ek h*> (kºt& an[k bn>`.
2. b\M sRym` jgt` (m¸yi .
b\M h) sRy h], (kºt& jgt (m¸yi h] . {jgt miyi Ac$p h].}
3. ahm` b\M> a(Am.
m]> h) b\M h*>.
4. a(h>si prmi[ Fm<>:
a(h>si ~[Oq Fm< {kt<ÄyBivni} h] .
5. FÀm>m` SrNm` gµCi(m .
m]> Fm<k[ SrNm[> jiti h*> .
6. Ek> sRy> (vp\i: bh&Fi vd(ºt .
sRy Ek h) h], (kºt& diS<(nk (Bºn d(OT s[ p\At&t krt[ h]> .
7. yt: Fm<: tt: jy: .
y(d Fm<piln hi[ti h], vhi<> (s(Û p\i¼t hi[t) h].
8. r(xt: Fm<: rx(t .
y(d Fm< {Fm<piln} k) rxi hi[t) h], tb Fm< hmir) rxi krti h].
13. 'a(h>si" k) Äyi²yi ±yi sRy h] ?
14. a(h>siki Av$p ±yi h] ?
15. ±yi 'Fm<piln" h) e<Åvr Bgvin` ai]r b\Mk) B(±t h] ?
16. ±yi 'Fm<piln" {k$Nik[ siY p(v#i kt<Äy Bivni} k) Äy²yi k)
ge< h] ?
17. ±yi t_vXin {The Philosophy} k) Äyi²yi k) ge< h] ?
18. ±yi v[di>t h) t_vXin h] ?
(vFin
1. Ek: a(Am bh&: Ayim.
m]> Ek h*> (kºt& an[k bn>`.
2. b\M sRym` jgt` (m¸yi .
b\M h) sRy h], (kºt& jgt (m¸yi h] . {jgt miyi Ac$p h].}
3. ahm` b\M> a(Am.
m]> h) b\M h*>.
4. a(h>si prmi[ Fm<>:
a(h>si ~[Oq Fm< {kt<ÄyBivni} h] .
5. FÀm>m` SrNm` gµCi(m .
m]> Fm<k[ SrNm[> jiti h*> .
6. Ek> sRy> (vp\i: bh&Fi vd(ºt .
sRy Ek h) h], (kºt& diS<(nk (Bºn d(OT s[ p\At&t krt[ h]> .
7. yt: Fm<: tt: jy: .
y(d Fm<piln hi[ti h], vhi<> (s(Û p\i¼t hi[t) h].
8. r(xt: Fm<: rx(t .
y(d Fm< {Fm<piln} k) rxi hi[t) h], tb Fm< hmir) rxi krti h].
Page No.7
9. h(ºt Fm<: ht:.
y(d Fm<ki hnn` aYi<t` aFm<piln hi[ti h] tb Fm< aYi<t` aFm< hmiri niS
kr d[ti h].
10. si[Dm`. s:ahm`. m]> b\hm h) h*<>.
j[‘ kZONm*t)<,'ar(v>d Fi]P, s(µcdin>d Avim), ai(d an[k t_v(c>tk
BirtvP<>m[> hi[ gE h>]. eºhi[>n[ upy&<±t p\Åni[> ai]r (vFini[>k[ bir[m[> apni m>tÄy
Äy±t (kyi h] . li[g upy&<±t sB) t_v(c>tki[>k[ upd[Si[>s[ B\(mt hi[ jit[
h]. (ksk[ (vcir apnin[ ci(hE, esk[ bir[m[> hm (nN<y kr skt[ nh)> h].
(ks) Ek (c>tkki an&yiy) bnkr, Äy(kt enk[ (vFini[>ki[ sRy minkr
apni j)vn Äy(tt krti h].
Avim) (vv[kin>d es v](v¹yki an&Bv krk[ (c>(tt h&E Y[. uºhi[>n[
'minv" 'mn ai]r Sr)r" s[ sS±t bn[gi tb vh lÈy p\i(¼t kr[gi, E[si
upd[S (dyi.
u(tOqt jig\t vrin` p\i¼y (nbi[Ft .
- up(nPd`
a>F(vÅviski (vri[F :-
Avim) (vv[kin>dn[ d[Ki (k BirtvP<m[> B*t-p\[t, Di(kn), d[v-d[v)ki
p\ki[p, ai(d a>F(vÅvisi[>ki a(AtRv h]. m*(tyi<> ki a>F(vÅviS y&±t p*ji km<ki>D
j]s[ minv, pS&-px), ai(dki b(ldin, Fn ap<N, g>gi Anins[ pip m&(±t, p(v#i
AYlk) yi#iis[ p&·y p\i(¼t ai(d ki (vri[F (kyi.
v](dk mhi(vwilyk) AYipni k) eµCi :-
v[d, v[di>t, p&riN, ai(d SiA#ii>[ki a¹yyn- a¹yipn krn[k[ (lE
mhi(vwilyi[>k) AYipni krn[k) unk) eµCi Y). upy&<±t g\>Yi[> k[ bir[m[> aXin f]l
rhi Yi. v[ ciht[ Y[ (k v[di(d g\>Yi[> ki a¹yyn a¹yipns[ snitn Fm< ki p\sir hi[.
9. h(ºt Fm<: ht:.
y(d Fm<ki hnn` aYi<t` aFm<piln hi[ti h] tb Fm< aYi<t` aFm< hmiri niS
kr d[ti h].
10. si[Dm`. s:ahm`. m]> b\hm h) h*<>.
j[‘ kZONm*t)<,'ar(v>d Fi]P, s(µcdin>d Avim), ai(d an[k t_v(c>tk
BirtvP<>m[> hi[ gE h>]. eºhi[>n[ upy&<±t p\Åni[> ai]r (vFini[>k[ bir[m[> apni m>tÄy
Äy±t (kyi h] . li[g upy&<±t sB) t_v(c>tki[>k[ upd[Si[>s[ B\(mt hi[ jit[
h]. (ksk[ (vcir apnin[ ci(hE, esk[ bir[m[> hm (nN<y kr skt[ nh)> h].
(ks) Ek (c>tkki an&yiy) bnkr, Äy(kt enk[ (vFini[>ki[ sRy minkr
apni j)vn Äy(tt krti h].
Avim) (vv[kin>d es v](v¹yki an&Bv krk[ (c>(tt h&E Y[. uºhi[>n[
'minv" 'mn ai]r Sr)r" s[ sS±t bn[gi tb vh lÈy p\i(¼t kr[gi, E[si
upd[S (dyi.
u(tOqt jig\t vrin` p\i¼y (nbi[Ft .
- up(nPd`
a>F(vÅviski (vri[F :-
Avim) (vv[kin>dn[ d[Ki (k BirtvP<m[> B*t-p\[t, Di(kn), d[v-d[v)ki
p\ki[p, ai(d a>F(vÅvisi[>ki a(AtRv h]. m*(tyi<> ki a>F(vÅviS y&±t p*ji km<ki>D
j]s[ minv, pS&-px), ai(dki b(ldin, Fn ap<N, g>gi Anins[ pip m&(±t, p(v#i
AYlk) yi#iis[ p&·y p\i(¼t ai(d ki (vri[F (kyi.
v](dk mhi(vwilyk) AYipni k) eµCi :-
v[d, v[di>t, p&riN, ai(d SiA#ii>[ki a¹yyn- a¹yipn krn[k[ (lE
mhi(vwilyi[>k) AYipni krn[k) unk) eµCi Y). upy&<±t g\>Yi[> k[ bir[m[> aXin f]l
rhi Yi. v[ ciht[ Y[ (k v[di(d g\>Yi[> ki a¹yyn a¹yipns[ snitn Fm< ki p\sir hi[.
Page No.8
visigt Xi(tp\Yiki (vri[F :-
Xi(tp\Yis[ liBk[ siYsiY hi(nB) hi[ rh) Y). b\iMNi[>n[ bi\MN pr>pri
cliy) Y), ji[ p\jiki[ aXinm[> rKt) Y) ai]r p\jiki Si[PN kr rh) Y). Avim)
(vv[kin>dn[ pr>prigt ai]r virsigt Xi(tp\Yiki (vri[F (kyi.
j[ni[s[ºT^)zmki (vri[F :-{Oppose of Xenocentrism}
(vd[S) (vcirk, v[di>t {The Philosophy} ki[ smzsk[ nh)> Y[, y(d
smz sk[ hi[t[ ti[ v[ apn) (k\Æv\yi(nT) ki Ryig krni nh)> ciht[. v[ apn)
(vcirFiri {Ideology} ki[ t_vdS<n {The Philosophy} btikr aXin f[lini
ciht[ Y[. Avim) (vv[kin>dn[ piV|iRy aXin ki Ryig krn[ki upd[S (dyi. aidS<vid,
viAtvvid, p\kZ(tvid, ai(d (vcirFiriai[> {Ideologies} ki[ piV|iRy (vcirk
t_vdS<nk[ $pm[> p\At&t kr rh[ Y[. Avim) (vv[kin>d mhi(vwinyi[>k) AYipni oiri
v[di>t {The Philosophy} ki Xin f[lini ciht[ Y[. j[ni[s[ºW)zm
{Xenocentrism} d[S k[ (lE ai]r v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ (lE (vniSk h], E[si unki
minni Yi.
aAyZÆyti (nvirN :-
Avim) (vv[kin>d C*t-aC*t B[dki[ mint[ nh)> Y[. U‡c -n)c, ai(d B[d minv
gi]rvk[ (v$¹F h], E[si unki minni Yi. minv)y aiFir pr sB) mn&Oy smin h]>.
sB) mn&Oyki dr¶ji {Status} smin h], sB) mn&Oyi[>ki gi]rv smin h]. E[si unki
minni Yi.
'v[di>t" {The Philosophy} k[ Av$pki niS :-
Avim) (vv[kin>d n[ v[>di>tk[ Av$pki[ kh)> B) nh)> d[Ki . BirtvP<m[> 'v[di>t
s>AkZ(tk[ niS" ki an&Bv (kyi. piV|iRy (vcirki[>k[ (vciri[>ki Ryig krni ci(jE,
ji[ hmir) s>AkZ(tk[ (lE (vniSk h], E[si Avim) (vv[kin>dki minni Yi.
visigt Xi(tp\Yiki (vri[F :-
Xi(tp\Yis[ liBk[ siYsiY hi(nB) hi[ rh) Y). b\iMNi[>n[ bi\MN pr>pri
cliy) Y), ji[ p\jiki[ aXinm[> rKt) Y) ai]r p\jiki Si[PN kr rh) Y). Avim)
(vv[kin>dn[ pr>prigt ai]r virsigt Xi(tp\Yiki (vri[F (kyi.
j[ni[s[ºT^)zmki (vri[F :-{Oppose of Xenocentrism}
(vd[S) (vcirk, v[di>t {The Philosophy} ki[ smzsk[ nh)> Y[, y(d
smz sk[ hi[t[ ti[ v[ apn) (k\Æv\yi(nT) ki Ryig krni nh)> ciht[. v[ apn)
(vcirFiri {Ideology} ki[ t_vdS<n {The Philosophy} btikr aXin f[lini
ciht[ Y[. Avim) (vv[kin>dn[ piV|iRy aXin ki Ryig krn[ki upd[S (dyi. aidS<vid,
viAtvvid, p\kZ(tvid, ai(d (vcirFiriai[> {Ideologies} ki[ piV|iRy (vcirk
t_vdS<nk[ $pm[> p\At&t kr rh[ Y[. Avim) (vv[kin>d mhi(vwinyi[>k) AYipni oiri
v[di>t {The Philosophy} ki Xin f[lini ciht[ Y[. j[ni[s[ºW)zm
{Xenocentrism} d[S k[ (lE ai]r v[di>t s>AkZ(tk[ (lE (vniSk h], E[si unki
minni Yi.
aAyZÆyti (nvirN :-
Avim) (vv[kin>d C*t-aC*t B[dki[ mint[ nh)> Y[. U‡c -n)c, ai(d B[d minv
gi]rvk[ (v$¹F h], E[si unki minni Yi. minv)y aiFir pr sB) mn&Oy smin h]>.
sB) mn&Oyki dr¶ji {Status} smin h], sB) mn&Oyi[>ki gi]rv smin h]. E[si unki
minni Yi.
'v[di>t" {The Philosophy} k[ Av$pki niS :-
Avim) (vv[kin>d n[ v[>di>tk[ Av$pki[ kh)> B) nh)> d[Ki . BirtvP<m[> 'v[di>t
s>AkZ(tk[ niS" ki an&Bv (kyi. piV|iRy (vcirki[>k[ (vciri[>ki Ryig krni ci(jE,
ji[ hmir) s>AkZ(tk[ (lE (vniSk h], E[si Avim) (vv[kin>dki minni Yi.
Page No.9
s>AkZtm`` BiPiki rxN :-
Avim) (vv[kin>d s>AkZtm` BiPi k[ a¹yyn-a¹yipn ki[ mh_v d[t[ Y[.
hmiri v[di>tki virsi {Heritage} s>AkZtm` BiPim[> s>g\(ht h]. yh khi jiti h] (k
y(d BiPi j)(vt rht) h], tb s>AkZ(t J) j)(vt rht) h]. y(d BiPi mr jit) h], tb
s>AkZ(t B) mr jit) h]. Avim) (vv[kin>d es sRyki[ smx gE Y[, es(lE uºhi[>n[.
s>AkZtm` BiPik[ a¹yyn-a¹yipn k[ (lE mhi(vwilyi[>k) AYipniki upd[S (dyi.
v[di>t s>AkZ(tki h^is ri[kn[ki p\yis :-
kr)b 800 vP<k) prt>#iti {e<‘s‘ 1192 – e<‘s‘ 1947} k[ kirN v[d,
v[di>t, p&riN, air·yk, up(nPd` ai(d ~&(tyi<> ai]r AmZ(tyi[> ki niS h&ai. Avim)
(vv[kin>d en g\>Yi[> k[ bir[m[> jinkir) p\i¼t krn[ki upd[S d[t[ h>]. smy k[ p\vihm[> bc[
(jtn[ g\>Y p\i¼y h]; unki a¹yyn krn[ki uºhi[>n[ upd[S (dyi. hm[> hmir[ mnm[> v[di>t)
Biv rKni ci(hE. E[si unki upd[S Yi.
smin mn rKn[ki upd[S
s> vi[ mni>(s jintim` .
aip sbk[ mn Ek bni[. aip sbk[ (vcir Ek Yiai[. yh hmir[
up(nPdi[>ki upd[S h]. v[ v[di>t k[ (nÀn mº#iki ud`FrN krt[ h]> .
s> gµC¹v>s> vd¹v> s> vi[ mni>(s jintim`.
h[ mn&Oyi[> ? t&m (hl(mlkr cli[, p\[m p*v<k Ek d*sr[ k[ siY s>vid kri[, sB)
k[ mn Ek smin Xin p\i¼t kr[>.
Avim) (vv[kin><dki upy&<±t upd[S, BirtvP<k) Ekti k[ (lE mhRvp*N<
h]. s>F[ S(±t: kli]y&g[. kly&gm[> Ektim[> S(±t hi[t) h]. yh sRy uºhi[>n[ BirtvP<k[
li[gi[>k[ aig[ rKi.
s>AkZtm`` BiPiki rxN :-
Avim) (vv[kin>d s>AkZtm` BiPi k[ a¹yyn-a¹yipn ki[ mh_v d[t[ Y[.
hmiri v[di>tki virsi {Heritage} s>AkZtm` BiPim[> s>g\(ht h]. yh khi jiti h] (k
y(d BiPi j)(vt rht) h], tb s>AkZ(t J) j)(vt rht) h]. y(d BiPi mr jit) h], tb
s>AkZ(t B) mr jit) h]. Avim) (vv[kin>d es sRyki[ smx gE Y[, es(lE uºhi[>n[.
s>AkZtm` BiPik[ a¹yyn-a¹yipn k[ (lE mhi(vwilyi[>k) AYipniki upd[S (dyi.
v[di>t s>AkZ(tki h^is ri[kn[ki p\yis :-
kr)b 800 vP<k) prt>#iti {e<‘s‘ 1192 – e<‘s‘ 1947} k[ kirN v[d,
v[di>t, p&riN, air·yk, up(nPd` ai(d ~&(tyi<> ai]r AmZ(tyi[> ki niS h&ai. Avim)
(vv[kin>d en g\>Yi[> k[ bir[m[> jinkir) p\i¼t krn[ki upd[S d[t[ h>]. smy k[ p\vihm[> bc[
(jtn[ g\>Y p\i¼y h]; unki a¹yyn krn[ki uºhi[>n[ upd[S (dyi. hm[> hmir[ mnm[> v[di>t)
Biv rKni ci(hE. E[si unki upd[S Yi.
smin mn rKn[ki upd[S
s> vi[ mni>(s jintim` .
aip sbk[ mn Ek bni[. aip sbk[ (vcir Ek Yiai[. yh hmir[
up(nPdi[>ki upd[S h]. v[ v[di>t k[ (nÀn mº#iki ud`FrN krt[ h]> .
s> gµC¹v>s> vd¹v> s> vi[ mni>(s jintim`.
h[ mn&Oyi[> ? t&m (hl(mlkr cli[, p\[m p*v<k Ek d*sr[ k[ siY s>vid kri[, sB)
k[ mn Ek smin Xin p\i¼t kr[>.
Avim) (vv[kin><dki upy&<±t upd[S, BirtvP<k) Ekti k[ (lE mhRvp*N<
h]. s>F[ S(±t: kli]y&g[. kly&gm[> Ektim[> S(±t hi[t) h]. yh sRy uºhi[>n[ BirtvP<k[
li[gi[>k[ aig[ rKi.
Page No.10
aiRmlx) (c>tn :-
v[d api]$P[y h]>. eski aY< krt[ h&E ke< (voin kht[ h>], (k v[di[>ki
Xin snitn h]. v[di[>ki[ e<Åvrn[ (lK[ h]> . v[dm[> p\At&t Xin e<Åvrki h].
api]$P[y ki aY< aniRmlx) {Objective} h] . aniRmlx) ki aY<
an` aiRmlx) h]. aniRmx)ki aY< snitn h]. aniRmlx) Xin kil, Äy(±t, p\d[S,
sm&diy sip[x nh)> hi[ti. ji[ Xin kil, p\d[S, sm&diy, sip[x nh)> hi[ti vh) e<Åvrki
Av$p h]. an` aiRmlx) Xin Äy(±tk) aiRmik[ sip[x nh)> hi[ti. Äy(±t apn[ Biv,
(c>tn, ai(d s[ s>pk< m[> rhti nh)> h]. apn[ AviY<, apn) Blie<, apn) p\g(t, apn[
s&K-d&Kki[ lÈy krk[ ji[ Xin p\i¼t (kyi jiti h] vh aiRmlx) Xin h]. Avim)
(vv[kin>dn[ 'api]$P[y" Xin k) p\i(¼t ai]r p\sir k) bit p\jik[ aig[ upd[Sk[ $pm[>
rK) h].
aiRmlx) (c>tn :-
v[d api]$P[y h]>. eski aY< krt[ h&E ke< (voin kht[ h>], (k v[di[>ki
Xin snitn h]. v[di[>ki[ e<Åvrn[ (lK[ h]> . v[dm[> p\At&t Xin e<Åvrki h].
api]$P[y ki aY< aniRmlx) {Objective} h] . aniRmlx) ki aY<
an` aiRmlx) h]. aniRmx)ki aY< snitn h]. aniRmlx) Xin kil, Äy(±t, p\d[S,
sm&diy sip[x nh)> hi[ti. ji[ Xin kil, p\d[S, sm&diy, sip[x nh)> hi[ti vh) e<Åvrki
Av$p h]. an` aiRmlx) Xin Äy(±tk) aiRmik[ sip[x nh)> hi[ti. Äy(±t apn[ Biv,
(c>tn, ai(d s[ s>pk< m[> rhti nh)> h]. apn[ AviY<, apn) Blie<, apn) p\g(t, apn[
s&K-d&Kki[ lÈy krk[ ji[ Xin p\i¼t (kyi jiti h] vh aiRmlx) Xin h]. Avim)
(vv[kin>dn[ 'api]$P[y" Xin k) p\i(¼t ai]r p\sir k) bit p\jik[ aig[ upd[Sk[ $pm[>
rK) h].
Page No.1
:: t_vX: ai(d S>kriciy< ::
v[di>t s>AkZ(t k[ p\cir-p\sirki ~[y ai(d S>kriciy< ki[ jiti h]. uºhi[>n[ v[d Äyisk[
b\h`ms*#i yi u_ir m)mi>si pr BiOy (lKi. es BiOy k[ kirN 'v[di>t" S¾dk) Äyi²yi h&e<. v[d
Äyis sir[ BirtvP<m[> 'v[di>t" (vciri[>ki p\sir krni ciht[ Y[. uºhi[>n[ mhikiÄy mhiBirtm[>
'~)md` Bgvd` g)ti" ki v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n ki (n$pN (kyi. ~)md` Bgvd` g)ti,
up(nPd` ai]r b\h`ms*#iki[ p\AYi#iy) upnim (dyi. Fm< ai]r Fm<piln Ek (s±k[ k[ di[ phl* h>].
t_vdS<n k[ di[ phl& Fm< ai]r Fm<piln h]>. v[di>t ki aY< t_vd<Sn h]. {Vedanta is the
Philosophy} {The Philosophy is one and only one} t_vdS<n (vVm[> Ek h) h]. {Prnciple
sand Practices are two sides of Vedanta or The Philosophy} Fm< ai]r Fm<piln v[di>t k[ di[
phl& h]>. Fm< ai]r Fm<piln k) Bivni snitn h]. es Bivni ki piln krn[vil[ li[g apn
aipki[ 'snitn Fm)<" mint[ h]>. snitn Fm< aYi<t` v[di>t. snitnFm)< aYi<t` v[di>t). snitn
Fm< aYi<t` t_vXin { The Philosophy}. v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n. v[di>t-Xin t_vXin ai]r
snitn Fm< Xin smin h) h]. es(lE y[ t)ni[>-v[di>t, t_vXin snitn Fm< k[ sminiY)< h].
ai(d S>kriciy< v[di>t s>AkZ(t k[ mhin` Xiti Y[. uºhi[>n[ gi]tm b&Û ki[ (vON&k[ ni]vi<> avtir
btiyi. (vON& k[ rim, kZON ai(d k[ avtir k[ $pm[> t_vv[_ii yi t_vXin) Y[. ai(d
S>kriciy< B) t_vv[_ii yi t_vXin) Y[. hr t_vXin) ki[ hm (vON& ki avtir ±yi[> n min[ ?
ji[ Fm< k) {kt<ÄyBivni k)} AYipni krk[ aFm< {kt<Äy h)nti} ki niS krt[ h]>. Fm< k)
AYipni aYi<t` Xink) AYipni ai]r aFm< ki niS aYi<t` aXin ki niS. Fm<piln oiri
Äy(±t sd`Äyvhir krti h]; aFm< piln oiri Äy(±t asd` Äyvhir krti h]. ai(d S>kriciy<
n[ Xin ki aYi<t` v[di>t ki p\sir (kyi. jb Äy(±tXin p\i¼t krti h]; tb aXin Avt: nOT hi[
jiti h]. jb Fm<piln hi[ti h] tb aFm<pil nOT hi[ jiti h]. ai(d S>kriciy<n[ v[di>t Xinki
:: t_vX: ai(d S>kriciy< ::
v[di>t s>AkZ(t k[ p\cir-p\sirki ~[y ai(d S>kriciy< ki[ jiti h]. uºhi[>n[ v[d Äyisk[
b\h`ms*#i yi u_ir m)mi>si pr BiOy (lKi. es BiOy k[ kirN 'v[di>t" S¾dk) Äyi²yi h&e<. v[d
Äyis sir[ BirtvP<m[> 'v[di>t" (vciri[>ki p\sir krni ciht[ Y[. uºhi[>n[ mhikiÄy mhiBirtm[>
'~)md` Bgvd` g)ti" ki v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n ki (n$pN (kyi. ~)md` Bgvd` g)ti,
up(nPd` ai]r b\h`ms*#iki[ p\AYi#iy) upnim (dyi. Fm< ai]r Fm<piln Ek (s±k[ k[ di[ phl* h>].
t_vdS<n k[ di[ phl& Fm< ai]r Fm<piln h]>. v[di>t ki aY< t_vd<Sn h]. {Vedanta is the
Philosophy} {The Philosophy is one and only one} t_vdS<n (vVm[> Ek h) h]. {Prnciple
sand Practices are two sides of Vedanta or The Philosophy} Fm< ai]r Fm<piln v[di>t k[ di[
phl& h]>. Fm< ai]r Fm<piln k) Bivni snitn h]. es Bivni ki piln krn[vil[ li[g apn
aipki[ 'snitn Fm)<" mint[ h]>. snitn Fm< aYi<t` v[di>t. snitnFm)< aYi<t` v[di>t). snitn
Fm< aYi<t` t_vXin { The Philosophy}. v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n. v[di>t-Xin t_vXin ai]r
snitn Fm< Xin smin h) h]. es(lE y[ t)ni[>-v[di>t, t_vXin snitn Fm< k[ sminiY)< h].
ai(d S>kriciy< v[di>t s>AkZ(t k[ mhin` Xiti Y[. uºhi[>n[ gi]tm b&Û ki[ (vON&k[ ni]vi<> avtir
btiyi. (vON& k[ rim, kZON ai(d k[ avtir k[ $pm[> t_vv[_ii yi t_vXin) Y[. ai(d
S>kriciy< B) t_vv[_ii yi t_vXin) Y[. hr t_vXin) ki[ hm (vON& ki avtir ±yi[> n min[ ?
ji[ Fm< k) {kt<ÄyBivni k)} AYipni krk[ aFm< {kt<Äy h)nti} ki niS krt[ h]>. Fm< k)
AYipni aYi<t` Xink) AYipni ai]r aFm< ki niS aYi<t` aXin ki niS. Fm<piln oiri
Äy(±t sd`Äyvhir krti h]; aFm< piln oiri Äy(±t asd` Äyvhir krti h]. ai(d S>kriciy<
n[ Xin ki aYi<t` v[di>t ki p\sir (kyi. jb Äy(±tXin p\i¼t krti h]; tb aXin Avt: nOT hi[
jiti h]. jb Fm<piln hi[ti h] tb aFm<pil nOT hi[ jiti h]. ai(d S>kriciy<n[ v[di>t Xinki
Page No.2
p\sir (kyi ai]r li[gi[>ki[ Fm<piln ki upd[S (dyi (jss[ BirtvP<m[> p\jiki aFm<piln Avt:
nOT hi[ gyi. Ci[T) h) um\m[> mhin` kiy< krk[ v[ amr bn gE h]>.
jºm – 788 A.D.
jºm AYl – kliD), c[ri ri¶y, k[rili
(nvi<N – 820 A.D.
j)vnkil – 32 vP<
(nvi<N AYl – k[dirniY, u_iriK>D
t_vdS<n – ao]t v[di>t
miti - aiy<Àbi {a>bitie<}
(pti – (Svg&@
d)xi g&@ - aiciy< g&@ gi[(v>dpid, g&jrit, nm<di ki (kniri, ai[mkir[Vr
d)xi nim – S>kriciy<
a¹yyn :- b\h`ms*#i, up(nPd` ai(d g\>Yi[> ki Xin g&@ gi[(v>dpid s[ p\i¼t (kyi.
S>kriciy<n[ kiS)m[> yi[g ai]r t_vXin k) (Sxip\i¼t k) . uºhi[>n[ cir bir
BirtvP<k) p\d(xNi krk[ SiA#ii[> ki g*Q Xin p\i¼t (kyi. aiRmc>tn, S&Û
(vcir, yi](gk (s(Û ai]r tk< S(±t s[ Bir(tyi[> ki[ a(ot)y aiRmdS<n kriyi.
a¹yyn k[ kirN S>kriciy< ki p\Biv bQti gyi ai]r unk) Xin p\i(¼tm[> bZ(Û
h&e<.
(SOyi[> ki sm&diy : snºdn, hAtimlk, ti[rk, ud>k s&r[Vr, ain>di(g(r, (cºm&K,
m>Dn(m~, uBy Birt), ai(d unk[ (SOy Y[.
mqi[>k) AYipni :- {1} u_irm[> - ¶yi[(t<mq,
{2} p(Vm[> - oi(rki – Sirdi mq
p\sir (kyi ai]r li[gi[>ki[ Fm<piln ki upd[S (dyi (jss[ BirtvP<m[> p\jiki aFm<piln Avt:
nOT hi[ gyi. Ci[T) h) um\m[> mhin` kiy< krk[ v[ amr bn gE h]>.
jºm – 788 A.D.
jºm AYl – kliD), c[ri ri¶y, k[rili
(nvi<N – 820 A.D.
j)vnkil – 32 vP<
(nvi<N AYl – k[dirniY, u_iriK>D
t_vdS<n – ao]t v[di>t
miti - aiy<Àbi {a>bitie<}
(pti – (Svg&@
d)xi g&@ - aiciy< g&@ gi[(v>dpid, g&jrit, nm<di ki (kniri, ai[mkir[Vr
d)xi nim – S>kriciy<
a¹yyn :- b\h`ms*#i, up(nPd` ai(d g\>Yi[> ki Xin g&@ gi[(v>dpid s[ p\i¼t (kyi.
S>kriciy<n[ kiS)m[> yi[g ai]r t_vXin k) (Sxip\i¼t k) . uºhi[>n[ cir bir
BirtvP<k) p\d(xNi krk[ SiA#ii[> ki g*Q Xin p\i¼t (kyi. aiRmc>tn, S&Û
(vcir, yi](gk (s(Û ai]r tk< S(±t s[ Bir(tyi[> ki[ a(ot)y aiRmdS<n kriyi.
a¹yyn k[ kirN S>kriciy< ki p\Biv bQti gyi ai]r unk) Xin p\i(¼tm[> bZ(Û
h&e<.
(SOyi[> ki sm&diy : snºdn, hAtimlk, ti[rk, ud>k s&r[Vr, ain>di(g(r, (cºm&K,
m>Dn(m~, uBy Birt), ai(d unk[ (SOy Y[.
mqi[>k) AYipni :- {1} u_irm[> - ¶yi[(t<mq,
{2} p(Vm[> - oi(rki – Sirdi mq
Page No.3
{3} d(xNm[> - ~Z>g[r) mq
{4} p*v<m[> - jgÒiiYp&r), gi[vF<nmq
hr[k mqm[> u_iri(Fkir 'S>kriciy<" pdk[ (lE (ny&(±t krn[ k) pr>pri rK) ge<.
p\Ym u_iri(Fkir :- {1} gi[vF<n mq – pÞniB S>kriciy<
{2} S>Zg[r) mq – s*r[Vr S>kriciy<
{3} ¶yi[(t mq – ti[Tk S>kriciy<
{4} Sirdi mq – hAtimlk S>kriciy<
si(hRy rcni :- 16 vP< k) um\m[> Äyism&(n k[ b\h`ms*#i pr BiOy (lKi.
- (vv[k c*Dim(N, t_vbi[F, aiRmbi[F, apri[xin&B*(t, sv< v[di>t sir
s>g\h,
- b\h`ms*#i BiOy
p\(sÛ s*#i := {1} b\h`m` sRy> jgt (m¸yi.
- b\h`m h) sRy h] ai]r jgt (m¸yi h].
{2} ah> b\h`m> a(Am .
- m]> b\h`m h*‡.
m[r) aiRmi b\h`m h].
{3} t_vm` a(s .
- vh b\hm` t* h) h].
{4} p\Xinmiºd> b\h`m a(At.
- b\h`mXin ai]r ain>d b\ih`m Av$p h].
{5} (jvi[ b\h`m n atr: .
- yh j)v b\h`m Av$p h]; d*sri nh)>.
{6} Ek: a(Am bh&: Ayim .
- m]> Ek h*<>. m]> an[k bn*<>.
{3} d(xNm[> - ~Z>g[r) mq
{4} p*v<m[> - jgÒiiYp&r), gi[vF<nmq
hr[k mqm[> u_iri(Fkir 'S>kriciy<" pdk[ (lE (ny&(±t krn[ k) pr>pri rK) ge<.
p\Ym u_iri(Fkir :- {1} gi[vF<n mq – pÞniB S>kriciy<
{2} S>Zg[r) mq – s*r[Vr S>kriciy<
{3} ¶yi[(t mq – ti[Tk S>kriciy<
{4} Sirdi mq – hAtimlk S>kriciy<
si(hRy rcni :- 16 vP< k) um\m[> Äyism&(n k[ b\h`ms*#i pr BiOy (lKi.
- (vv[k c*Dim(N, t_vbi[F, aiRmbi[F, apri[xin&B*(t, sv< v[di>t sir
s>g\h,
- b\h`ms*#i BiOy
p\(sÛ s*#i := {1} b\h`m` sRy> jgt (m¸yi.
- b\h`m h) sRy h] ai]r jgt (m¸yi h].
{2} ah> b\h`m> a(Am .
- m]> b\h`m h*‡.
m[r) aiRmi b\h`m h].
{3} t_vm` a(s .
- vh b\hm` t* h) h].
{4} p\Xinmiºd> b\h`m a(At.
- b\h`mXin ai]r ain>d b\ih`m Av$p h].
{5} (jvi[ b\h`m n atr: .
- yh j)v b\h`m Av$p h]; d*sri nh)>.
{6} Ek: a(Am bh&: Ayim .
- m]> Ek h*<>. m]> an[k bn*<>.
Page No.4
ao]tvid ki[ E[k[Vrvid khi jiti h]. yhi<> aiRmi ai]r prmiRmi di[ni[> ao]t h] yi
Ek yi a(Bºn h]> E[s) t_vdS<n)y {Philosophical} miºyti S>kriciy< n[ p\AYi(pt k) h].
viAtvm[> v[di>t ki aY< t_vdS<n h]. t_vdS<n (vVBrm[> Ek h) hi[ti h]. ai(d S>kriciy<n[
v[di>t) {The Philosophy}nims[ upi(F p\i¼t k) h], vh (vVm[> b[ji[D yi a(ot)y h].
BirtvP< k) p\jim[> p]di h&E (c>tniRmk B[d d*r krn[ ki unki p\yis sShn)y h].
uºhi[>n[ v[di>t Xinki[ s>(x¼t krn[ k[ (lE p\AYin #iy)-~)md` Bgvd` g)ti, up(nPd`,
ai]r b\h`ms*#i – ki[ c&ni. en g\>Yi[>ki a¹yyn krn[ s[ vdi>t yi t_vXin ki Xin p\i¼t
hi[ti. y[ g\>Y Fm<piln {p(v#i kt<Äy Bivni ki k@Ni k[ siY piln} k[ (lE mig<dS<n
d[t[ h]>.
ji[ g\>Y t_vdS<n ki (n$pN krt[ h]>, v[ sB) g\>Y v[di>t h) h]>. rimiyN ai]r
mhiBirt mhikiÄy Fm<piln ki udihrNi[> oiri mig<dS<n krt[ h]>. mhiv)r Avim) ki
'aigmi[" g\>YB) v[di>t h]. gi]tm b&Û ki '(#ipTk" B) v[di>t h]>. g&@g\>Yv[d, (Sxip#i),
~)md` Bigvt B) v[di>t h) h]>. ji[ t_vdS<n ki vN<n krt[ h]>. (ks) B) g\>Y m[> t_vdS<n
k[ an&$p (vFin n hi[; en sB) (vFini[> ki Ryig kr, (jtn[ (vFin t_vdS<n k[ an&$p
hi[ enki Av)kir krni ci(hE.
b\h`m> sRym` jgt` (m¸yi. - ai(d S>kriciy< b\h`m sRy h] ai]r jgt` ast` {miyi
Av$p} h]. es (vFin ki[ smzni bh&t k(qn h]. jgt` ast` h] E[si minkr d)xi l[kr
s>sir Ci[D d[ni glt h]>. Fm<piln m[> j)vn k[ cir lÈy – Fm<, aY<, kim ai]r mi[x –
btiy[ h]>. Fm<piln m[> kh)> B) (dxi l[n[k) bit nh)> h].
ai(d S>kriciy<n[ up(nPd` k[ es (vFin 'Ry±t[n B&>(jYi:" . ki smY<n (kyi h].
g&@ (SOyki[ sµci Xin d[ti h]. es(lE (SOy pr>pri BirtvP<m[> Äyi¼t h]>.
ao]tvid ki[ E[k[Vrvid khi jiti h]. yhi<> aiRmi ai]r prmiRmi di[ni[> ao]t h] yi
Ek yi a(Bºn h]> E[s) t_vdS<n)y {Philosophical} miºyti S>kriciy< n[ p\AYi(pt k) h].
viAtvm[> v[di>t ki aY< t_vdS<n h]. t_vdS<n (vVBrm[> Ek h) hi[ti h]. ai(d S>kriciy<n[
v[di>t) {The Philosophy}nims[ upi(F p\i¼t k) h], vh (vVm[> b[ji[D yi a(ot)y h].
BirtvP< k) p\jim[> p]di h&E (c>tniRmk B[d d*r krn[ ki unki p\yis sShn)y h].
uºhi[>n[ v[di>t Xinki[ s>(x¼t krn[ k[ (lE p\AYin #iy)-~)md` Bgvd` g)ti, up(nPd`,
ai]r b\h`ms*#i – ki[ c&ni. en g\>Yi[>ki a¹yyn krn[ s[ vdi>t yi t_vXin ki Xin p\i¼t
hi[ti. y[ g\>Y Fm<piln {p(v#i kt<Äy Bivni ki k@Ni k[ siY piln} k[ (lE mig<dS<n
d[t[ h]>.
ji[ g\>Y t_vdS<n ki (n$pN krt[ h]>, v[ sB) g\>Y v[di>t h) h]>. rimiyN ai]r
mhiBirt mhikiÄy Fm<piln ki udihrNi[> oiri mig<dS<n krt[ h]>. mhiv)r Avim) ki
'aigmi[" g\>YB) v[di>t h]. gi]tm b&Û ki '(#ipTk" B) v[di>t h]>. g&@g\>Yv[d, (Sxip#i),
~)md` Bigvt B) v[di>t h) h]>. ji[ t_vdS<n ki vN<n krt[ h]>. (ks) B) g\>Y m[> t_vdS<n
k[ an&$p (vFin n hi[; en sB) (vFini[> ki Ryig kr, (jtn[ (vFin t_vdS<n k[ an&$p
hi[ enki Av)kir krni ci(hE.
b\h`m> sRym` jgt` (m¸yi. - ai(d S>kriciy< b\h`m sRy h] ai]r jgt` ast` {miyi
Av$p} h]. es (vFin ki[ smzni bh&t k(qn h]. jgt` ast` h] E[si minkr d)xi l[kr
s>sir Ci[D d[ni glt h]>. Fm<piln m[> j)vn k[ cir lÈy – Fm<, aY<, kim ai]r mi[x –
btiy[ h]>. Fm<piln m[> kh)> B) (dxi l[n[k) bit nh)> h].
ai(d S>kriciy<n[ up(nPd` k[ es (vFin 'Ry±t[n B&>(jYi:" . ki smY<n (kyi h].
g&@ (SOyki[ sµci Xin d[ti h]. es(lE (SOy pr>pri BirtvP<m[> Äyi¼t h]>.
Page No.5
ao]t v[di>t ki aiFir :-
ai(d S>kriciy< ki v[di>t t)n aiFiri[> pr (AYt h].
{1} SiA#i – aiy< - W(vD s>AkZ(tyi[> m[> ji[ SiA#i h]> ; unk[ a¹yyns[ v[di>t p]di h&ai h].
{2} y&(±t – tk<SiA#i ki[ y&(±t khi gyi h]. tk< k[ aiFir pr yi aniRmlx)
{Objective} (c>tnm[> 'v[di>t" p]di h&ai h].
{3} an&Bv – minv Xin an&Bv oiri p\i¼t krti h] an&Bv k[ aiFir pr 'v[di>t" p]di
h&ai h].
an&Bv k[ aiFir pr 'v[di>t" p]di h&ai h]. ao]t v[di>t k[ ji[ aiFir h]> v[ h)
t_vdS<n k[ aiFir h]>. es(lE v[di>t ki[ t_vdS<n {The Philosophy} mini gyi h].
mZRy&py‡t Äy(±tki[ Äyvhirm[> v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n ki[ smzni pDti h]. aYi<t`
aiRmsBinti rKn) pDt) h]. aiRmsBinti Fm<ki piln hi[ yi nh)> eski ²yil
rKt) h]>. Fm<piln k[ (lE Äyvhir krni j$r) h]. k]s[ Äyvhirs[ aFm< hi[ti h]. en
p\Æni[>k[ u_ir v[di>t yi tRvXin oiri p\i¼t hi[t[ h]>.b\h`m h) v[di>t h]. v[di>t h) t_vdS<n
h] t_vdS<n h) Fm<piln h].
S>kriciy<ki (vri[F m*K<tip*N<
hmir[ d[Sm[> p\m&K (vcir FiriE† - bih`mN pr>pri ai]r ~mN pr>pri cl rh) h>]. bih`mN
pr>pri km<ki>D, a>F~oi, ai(d m[> ~Ûi rKt) h], (kºt& ~mN pr>pri Fm<piln aYi<t`
v[di>t t_vXin {The Philosophy} ki aiFir (lyi aYi<t` v[di>t yi t_vXin aYi<t`
Fm><pilnki apn[ j)vn a¹yyn – a¹yipn ki[ p\m&K$p (dyi. bih`mN pr>prik[
bjiy ai(d S>kriciy<n[ v[di>t aYi><t` t_vXin aYi<t` Fm><pilnk[ (c>tn ki[ apn[ (lE
~[yAkr mini. es(lE b\ih`mN pr>prin[ S>kriciy<k[ (c>tnki[ an)Vr)y yi ni(Atk
(c>tn btiyi. jlt[ kiOTm[> G) (CDkn[ j]s) p(r(AY(t a>g\[ji>[ k[ s>AYinvid) Sisnm[>
bn) h&e< Y). a¹yyn – a¹yipn ki mi¹ym a>g\[j) bni. unk) g\)s s>AkZ(t etn)
ao]t v[di>t ki aiFir :-
ai(d S>kriciy< ki v[di>t t)n aiFiri[> pr (AYt h].
{1} SiA#i – aiy< - W(vD s>AkZ(tyi[> m[> ji[ SiA#i h]> ; unk[ a¹yyns[ v[di>t p]di h&ai h].
{2} y&(±t – tk<SiA#i ki[ y&(±t khi gyi h]. tk< k[ aiFir pr yi aniRmlx)
{Objective} (c>tnm[> 'v[di>t" p]di h&ai h].
{3} an&Bv – minv Xin an&Bv oiri p\i¼t krti h] an&Bv k[ aiFir pr 'v[di>t" p]di
h&ai h].
an&Bv k[ aiFir pr 'v[di>t" p]di h&ai h]. ao]t v[di>t k[ ji[ aiFir h]> v[ h)
t_vdS<n k[ aiFir h]>. es(lE v[di>t ki[ t_vdS<n {The Philosophy} mini gyi h].
mZRy&py‡t Äy(±tki[ Äyvhirm[> v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n ki[ smzni pDti h]. aYi<t`
aiRmsBinti rKn) pDt) h]. aiRmsBinti Fm<ki piln hi[ yi nh)> eski ²yil
rKt) h]>. Fm<piln k[ (lE Äyvhir krni j$r) h]. k]s[ Äyvhirs[ aFm< hi[ti h]. en
p\Æni[>k[ u_ir v[di>t yi tRvXin oiri p\i¼t hi[t[ h]>.b\h`m h) v[di>t h]. v[di>t h) t_vdS<n
h] t_vdS<n h) Fm<piln h].
S>kriciy<ki (vri[F m*K<tip*N<
hmir[ d[Sm[> p\m&K (vcir FiriE† - bih`mN pr>pri ai]r ~mN pr>pri cl rh) h>]. bih`mN
pr>pri km<ki>D, a>F~oi, ai(d m[> ~Ûi rKt) h], (kºt& ~mN pr>pri Fm<piln aYi<t`
v[di>t t_vXin {The Philosophy} ki aiFir (lyi aYi<t` v[di>t yi t_vXin aYi<t`
Fm><pilnki apn[ j)vn a¹yyn – a¹yipn ki[ p\m&K$p (dyi. bih`mN pr>prik[
bjiy ai(d S>kriciy<n[ v[di>t aYi><t` t_vXin aYi<t` Fm><pilnk[ (c>tn ki[ apn[ (lE
~[yAkr mini. es(lE b\ih`mN pr>prin[ S>kriciy<k[ (c>tnki[ an)Vr)y yi ni(Atk
(c>tn btiyi. jlt[ kiOTm[> G) (CDkn[ j]s) p(r(AY(t a>g\[ji>[ k[ s>AYinvid) Sisnm[>
bn) h&e< Y). a¹yyn – a¹yipn ki mi¹ym a>g\[j) bni. unk) g\)s s>AkZ(t etn)
Page No.6
p\ic)n nh)> h]., (jtn) (s>F&GiT)k) s>AkZ(t p\ic)n h]. g\)sk) s>AkZ(tn[ Fm< ai]r
aFm< S¾di[>ki ai(vOkir nh)> (kyi.
jb (k (s>F&GiT) s>AkZ(tm[> Fm< ai][r aFm< S¾di[>ki ai(vOkir h&ai. en di[
S¾di[>k[ sminiY)< S¾d (vVk) aºy BiPim[> nh)> h]. gi]tmb&Ûk[ upd[S v[di>t yi
t_vdS<n h) Y[. es(lE Fm<>pilnki[ t_vdS<nki Äyivhi(rk $p ai(d S>kriciy<n[
smzi. gi]tmb&Ûk[ v[di>t yi t_vdS<n yi Fm<pilnki upd[S smzkr uºhi[>n[
gi]tmb&Ûki[ ni]vi< avtir Gi[(Pt (kyi. bih`mN pr>pri, ~mN pr>>prik[ (c>tnki[
ni(Atk (c>tn mint[ h]>. es(lE ai(d S>kriciy< ni(Atki>[ k[ smY<k min[ jit[ h>].
ai(d S>kriciy<k) mZRy& 32 sil k[ s>(x¼t j)vnm[> ±yi[> h&e<?
a>g\[j (vcirk Birtm[> aiy[ ai]r (vcir Firiai[>ki[ (Ideologies) ki[ t_vdS<n k[
$pm[> p\At&t (kyi. yh (ktni bDi aXin h]. BirtvP<k[ li[g a>g\[ji[>k)
(vcirFiriai>[ki[ t_vdS<n minn[ lg[. t_vdS<n (vVm[> Ek h) h].
The Philosophy is one and only one.
a>g\[j (vcirk ism p\Ryy liy[ ai]r BirtvP< k[ S¾di[> k[ p)C[ ism lgikr
BirtvP<k[ (c>tnm[> B[d (kyi.
(hºd* - Hinduism
j]n - Jainism
Buddha - Buddhism
Shikh - Shikhism
v[di>t - Vedantism
(hºd*, j]n, bi]o, S)K, v[>dit) sB) t_vXink[ an&yiy) h>]. J[ni[s[(ºT^zmvil[
(Xenonectrismists) upy&<±t 'ism p\Ryyvil[ (c>tnm[> (vVis rKt[ h]>. viAtvm[> unki (vVis
mhiaXinki s*ck h]. ai(d S>kriciy< pr lgiE ni(Atk { p\µCºn bi]Û} hi[n[ ki airi[p
p\ic)n nh)> h]., (jtn) (s>F&GiT)k) s>AkZ(t p\ic)n h]. g\)sk) s>AkZ(tn[ Fm< ai]r
aFm< S¾di[>ki ai(vOkir nh)> (kyi.
jb (k (s>F&GiT) s>AkZ(tm[> Fm< ai][r aFm< S¾di[>ki ai(vOkir h&ai. en di[
S¾di[>k[ sminiY)< S¾d (vVk) aºy BiPim[> nh)> h]. gi]tmb&Ûk[ upd[S v[di>t yi
t_vdS<n h) Y[. es(lE Fm<>pilnki[ t_vdS<nki Äyivhi(rk $p ai(d S>kriciy<n[
smzi. gi]tmb&Ûk[ v[di>t yi t_vdS<n yi Fm<pilnki upd[S smzkr uºhi[>n[
gi]tmb&Ûki[ ni]vi< avtir Gi[(Pt (kyi. bih`mN pr>pri, ~mN pr>>prik[ (c>tnki[
ni(Atk (c>tn mint[ h]>. es(lE ai(d S>kriciy< ni(Atki>[ k[ smY<k min[ jit[ h>].
ai(d S>kriciy<k) mZRy& 32 sil k[ s>(x¼t j)vnm[> ±yi[> h&e<?
a>g\[j (vcirk Birtm[> aiy[ ai]r (vcir Firiai[>ki[ (Ideologies) ki[ t_vdS<n k[
$pm[> p\At&t (kyi. yh (ktni bDi aXin h]. BirtvP<k[ li[g a>g\[ji[>k)
(vcirFiriai>[ki[ t_vdS<n minn[ lg[. t_vdS<n (vVm[> Ek h) h].
The Philosophy is one and only one.
a>g\[j (vcirk ism p\Ryy liy[ ai]r BirtvP< k[ S¾di[> k[ p)C[ ism lgikr
BirtvP<k[ (c>tnm[> B[d (kyi.
(hºd* - Hinduism
j]n - Jainism
Buddha - Buddhism
Shikh - Shikhism
v[di>t - Vedantism
(hºd*, j]n, bi]o, S)K, v[>dit) sB) t_vXink[ an&yiy) h>]. J[ni[s[(ºT^zmvil[
(Xenonectrismists) upy&<±t 'ism p\Ryyvil[ (c>tnm[> (vVis rKt[ h]>. viAtvm[> unki (vVis
mhiaXinki s*ck h]. ai(d S>kriciy< pr lgiE ni(Atk { p\µCºn bi]Û} hi[n[ ki airi[p
Page No.7
srisr asRy h]. viAtvm[> ai(d S>kriciy< ai(Atk h]> ai]r un pr airi[p lgin[vil[ Äy(±t
ni(Atk h]>.
ai(d S>kriciy< oiri bih`mN pr>pri ai]r ~mN pr>pri ki smºvy
ai(d g&r& S>kriciy<n[ an[k bir BirtvP<ki p(rB\mN (kyi. BirtvP<m[> (v(vF
(c>tki[>k[ p\Bivk[ kirN hi[ rh) upisni po(tyi[>ki an&Bv (kyi. mhiv)r Avim) ai]r
gi]tmb&o k[ (c>tnki p\Biv p\ji pr d[Ki. uºhi>[n[> bih`mN pr>pri ai]r ~mN pr>priki an&Bv
(kyi. hi(nkirk km<ki>Dk) jgh upkirk km<ki>Dki aih`vin (kyi. ~mN pr>prik[
Fm<pilnki uºhi[>n[ p\sir (kyi. (v(vF upisni pÛ(tyi[>k) jgh Ek h) 'bh`m" k) upisniki
uºhi>[n[ upd[S (dyi
cirmqk) AYipni:- un mqi[>m[ pr>prigt S>kriciyi<k) (ny&±t, bh`ms*#iki p\cir p\sirki[
mh_v d[kr v[>dit s>AkZ(tk) p&n: AYipni krk[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tki an&srN krn[ ki uºhi[>n[
upd[S (dyi. alg (Bºn pr>priai[>k[ kirN p\ji ki[ g&mrih (kyi ji rhi h] E[si uºhi[>n[
an&Bv (kyi. si>AkZ(tk (vkZ(tki[ d*r kr uºhi[>n[ p\jikÃyiN oiri s&s>AkZt smij
bnin[ki p\yis (kyi.
aApZÆyti (nvirN ai]r aiRmXin :- aiRmi, prmiRmi, bh`m, ai(d S¾di[m[> ai(d
S<kriciy<n[ smºvy (kyi. aiRmi, prmiRmi ai]r bh`m Ek h) h>], E[si uºhi[n[> v[di>tk[ BiOy
oiri p\(tpi(dt (kyi. 'Fm<" S¾dki ji[ hmir[ â(P- m&(nyi[n[> ai(vBi<v (kyi Yi, vh 'Fm<"
S¾d B) aiRmi prmiRmi ai][r bh`m ki sminiY)< h], E[si uºhi[>n[ an&Bv (kyi.
Ek bir kiS) m[> ai(d S>kriciy< py<Tn kr rh[ Y[, tb cir k&_ii[ k[ siY, aApZÆyli[g
simn[ ai rh[ Y[. tb (SOyi[n[> aApZÆy li[gi[> ki[ riAt[ s[ hT jin[ k[ (lE khi. aApZÆy li[gi[>
s[ Ekn[ khi ''aip m[r[ Sr)rki[ hTin[ k[ (lE kht[ hi[. ±yi m[r[ aiRmiki[ B) hT jin[ki[ kht[
hi[? es p\Ry&_ir s[ ai(d S>kriciy< m[> aiRmsBinti p]di h&e<. uºhi[>n[ minv mi#i smin h]. hr[k
srisr asRy h]. viAtvm[> ai(d S>kriciy< ai(Atk h]> ai]r un pr airi[p lgin[vil[ Äy(±t
ni(Atk h]>.
ai(d S>kriciy< oiri bih`mN pr>pri ai]r ~mN pr>pri ki smºvy
ai(d g&r& S>kriciy<n[ an[k bir BirtvP<ki p(rB\mN (kyi. BirtvP<m[> (v(vF
(c>tki[>k[ p\Bivk[ kirN hi[ rh) upisni po(tyi[>ki an&Bv (kyi. mhiv)r Avim) ai]r
gi]tmb&o k[ (c>tnki p\Biv p\ji pr d[Ki. uºhi>[n[> bih`mN pr>pri ai]r ~mN pr>priki an&Bv
(kyi. hi(nkirk km<ki>Dk) jgh upkirk km<ki>Dki aih`vin (kyi. ~mN pr>prik[
Fm<pilnki uºhi[>n[ p\sir (kyi. (v(vF upisni pÛ(tyi[>k) jgh Ek h) 'bh`m" k) upisniki
uºhi>[n[ upd[S (dyi
cirmqk) AYipni:- un mqi[>m[ pr>prigt S>kriciyi<k) (ny&±t, bh`ms*#iki p\cir p\sirki[
mh_v d[kr v[>dit s>AkZ(tk) p&n: AYipni krk[ v[di>t s>AkZ(tki an&srN krn[ ki uºhi[>n[
upd[S (dyi. alg (Bºn pr>priai[>k[ kirN p\ji ki[ g&mrih (kyi ji rhi h] E[si uºhi[>n[
an&Bv (kyi. si>AkZ(tk (vkZ(tki[ d*r kr uºhi[>n[ p\jikÃyiN oiri s&s>AkZt smij
bnin[ki p\yis (kyi.
aApZÆyti (nvirN ai]r aiRmXin :- aiRmi, prmiRmi, bh`m, ai(d S¾di[m[> ai(d
S<kriciy<n[ smºvy (kyi. aiRmi, prmiRmi ai]r bh`m Ek h) h>], E[si uºhi[n[> v[di>tk[ BiOy
oiri p\(tpi(dt (kyi. 'Fm<" S¾dki ji[ hmir[ â(P- m&(nyi[n[> ai(vBi<v (kyi Yi, vh 'Fm<"
S¾d B) aiRmi prmiRmi ai][r bh`m ki sminiY)< h], E[si uºhi[>n[ an&Bv (kyi.
Ek bir kiS) m[> ai(d S>kriciy< py<Tn kr rh[ Y[, tb cir k&_ii[ k[ siY, aApZÆyli[g
simn[ ai rh[ Y[. tb (SOyi[n[> aApZÆy li[gi[> ki[ riAt[ s[ hT jin[ k[ (lE khi. aApZÆy li[gi[>
s[ Ekn[ khi ''aip m[r[ Sr)rki[ hTin[ k[ (lE kht[ hi[. ±yi m[r[ aiRmiki[ B) hT jin[ki[ kht[
hi[? es p\Ry&_ir s[ ai(d S>kriciy< m[> aiRmsBinti p]di h&e<. uºhi[>n[ minv mi#i smin h]. hr[k
Page No.8
minvm[> aiRmi smin h] si]r aiRmi h) prmiRmi ki a>S h]; E[si unki[ an&Bv h&ai. yh aiRmi
ai]r prmiRmi 'b\h`mn`" ki a>S h]. es(lE uºhi[>n[ b\h`mn` ki[ sRy mini.
b\h`mm` sRy> jgt (m¸yi
'jgt` (m¸yi" vi±yiS> pr (voin si[ct[ h]> (k yh unk) tk< S(±t k[ aiFir
bni vi±y h]>. jgt` jb (m¸yi hi[ jiti h] tb bi[ln[vili ai]r s&nn[vili (m¸yi {non-
existantant} hi[ jiEgi. 'miyi" {illusion} k) Bivni mn&Oy m[> h]. d&ºyv) {worldly} Bivni
k[ kirN minv) Bi](tkvid) {Temporaral} bn rhi h]. es(lE ai(d S>kriciy< n[ 'miyi"
S¾d yi Bivni nOT krn[ k[ (lE 'jgt (m¸yi" btiyi. ai(d S>kriciy< ki t_vXin 'v[di>t-
(vcir-c*Dim(N" m[> p\kT h&E h]>.
v[di>t – (vcir – c*Dim(N
Avim) sdin>d sAvt), Sirdip)Q, oirki
{1} ''si]Ày ? Ekn[ mZ(RpD[n sv<> mZ·my> (vXi>t Ayit` .""
aY< - Ek (mÍ) k[ (p·D ki[ jinn[s[ (mÍ) s[ bn[ an[k pdiYi[<>ki shjm[> Xin
hi[ jiti h].
{2} ''b\h`m Ev ahm` a(s.""
aY< - m]> h) b\h`m h*<>.
{3} '' aym[v c snitn Fm< si[pink|m: m&±ty[.
aY< - yh) snitn Fm< k[ p\krN k|m m&(±t k[ (lE .
{4} ''aYiti[ b\h`m(jXisi""
aY< - ab b\h`m ki[ jinn[ k) eµCi h].
{5} ''aYiti[ Fm<(jXisi.""
aY< - ab Fm< {kt<ÄyBivni} jinn[ k) eµCi h].
{6} ''sRy> Xinm` aºt> b\h`m.""
minvm[> aiRmi smin h] si]r aiRmi h) prmiRmi ki a>S h]; E[si unki[ an&Bv h&ai. yh aiRmi
ai]r prmiRmi 'b\h`mn`" ki a>S h]. es(lE uºhi[>n[ b\h`mn` ki[ sRy mini.
b\h`mm` sRy> jgt (m¸yi
'jgt` (m¸yi" vi±yiS> pr (voin si[ct[ h]> (k yh unk) tk< S(±t k[ aiFir
bni vi±y h]>. jgt` jb (m¸yi hi[ jiti h] tb bi[ln[vili ai]r s&nn[vili (m¸yi {non-
existantant} hi[ jiEgi. 'miyi" {illusion} k) Bivni mn&Oy m[> h]. d&ºyv) {worldly} Bivni
k[ kirN minv) Bi](tkvid) {Temporaral} bn rhi h]. es(lE ai(d S>kriciy< n[ 'miyi"
S¾d yi Bivni nOT krn[ k[ (lE 'jgt (m¸yi" btiyi. ai(d S>kriciy< ki t_vXin 'v[di>t-
(vcir-c*Dim(N" m[> p\kT h&E h]>.
v[di>t – (vcir – c*Dim(N
Avim) sdin>d sAvt), Sirdip)Q, oirki
{1} ''si]Ày ? Ekn[ mZ(RpD[n sv<> mZ·my> (vXi>t Ayit` .""
aY< - Ek (mÍ) k[ (p·D ki[ jinn[s[ (mÍ) s[ bn[ an[k pdiYi[<>ki shjm[> Xin
hi[ jiti h].
{2} ''b\h`m Ev ahm` a(s.""
aY< - m]> h) b\h`m h*<>.
{3} '' aym[v c snitn Fm< si[pink|m: m&±ty[.
aY< - yh) snitn Fm< k[ p\krN k|m m&(±t k[ (lE .
{4} ''aYiti[ b\h`m(jXisi""
aY< - ab b\h`m ki[ jinn[ k) eµCi h].
{5} ''aYiti[ Fm<(jXisi.""
aY< - ab Fm< {kt<ÄyBivni} jinn[ k) eµCi h].
{6} ''sRy> Xinm` aºt> b\h`m.""
Page No.9
aY< - sRy ki Xin aºt b\h`m mini gyi h].
{7} ''SiA#i> yi[(nRvit` .""
aY< - v[di>t Xin SiA#ii[>k[ an&S)ln oiri p]di h&ai h].
{8} ''~i[tÄy: mºtÄy: (n(d¹yi(stÄy:.""
aY< - v[di>t Xin s&nn[ yi[³y mnn krn[ yi[³y ai]r mn oiri bi[F y&±t a¹yyn
krn[ yi[³y h].
{9} si[Dhm` - {s: ahm`}
vh b\hm m]> h) h‡*.
v[di>t k[ p\kir
k|mi>k nim p\vt<k
{1} ao]t v[di>t ai(d S>kriciy<
{2} S&Û b\h`mo]t p\(tvidk vÓBiciy< p(rOkZt
{3} (v(SOTio]t p\(tpidk v[di>t rimin&jiciy< p(rOkZt
{4} o]t prk v[di>t m¹viciy< p(OkZt
{5} a(cºRy B[diB[d AYipk v[di>t c]tºy gi[Avi(m p(rOkZt
{6} p\Ry(BXi dS<n v[di>t a(Bnvg&¼t p(rOkZt
{7} o]ti o]t p\(tpidk v[di>t BiAkriciy< Ev> (nÀbik< p(rOkZt
{8} aigmi[> m[> p\i¼t S(±t ki ao]t mhiv)r Avim)
{9} b\h`ms*#i yi u_irm)mi>si v[d Äyis
v[di>t, v[d ki aºtBig h]. v[d k[ hr[k m>Dl k[ bid 'up(nPd`" aiti h].
es(lE v[di[> k[ a>tBig m[> (lK[ gE Åli[k up(nPd` kh[ jit[ h]>. ~)md` Bgvd` g)ti
ai]r b\h`ms*#i v[di>t min[ gE h]>. v[di>t aYi<>t` t_vdS<n ai]r Fm<piln k) Äyi²yi yi
(vvrN krn[vil[ g\>Y v[di>t kh[ jit[ h]>. mhiv)r Avim) ki aigmi[, gi]tmb&Û ki
(#i(pTk, (Sxip#i), g&@g\>Yv[d, ~)md` Bigvt, ai(d v[di>t h]>.
aY< - sRy ki Xin aºt b\h`m mini gyi h].
{7} ''SiA#i> yi[(nRvit` .""
aY< - v[di>t Xin SiA#ii[>k[ an&S)ln oiri p]di h&ai h].
{8} ''~i[tÄy: mºtÄy: (n(d¹yi(stÄy:.""
aY< - v[di>t Xin s&nn[ yi[³y mnn krn[ yi[³y ai]r mn oiri bi[F y&±t a¹yyn
krn[ yi[³y h].
{9} si[Dhm` - {s: ahm`}
vh b\hm m]> h) h‡*.
v[di>t k[ p\kir
k|mi>k nim p\vt<k
{1} ao]t v[di>t ai(d S>kriciy<
{2} S&Û b\h`mo]t p\(tvidk vÓBiciy< p(rOkZt
{3} (v(SOTio]t p\(tpidk v[di>t rimin&jiciy< p(rOkZt
{4} o]t prk v[di>t m¹viciy< p(OkZt
{5} a(cºRy B[diB[d AYipk v[di>t c]tºy gi[Avi(m p(rOkZt
{6} p\Ry(BXi dS<n v[di>t a(Bnvg&¼t p(rOkZt
{7} o]ti o]t p\(tpidk v[di>t BiAkriciy< Ev> (nÀbik< p(rOkZt
{8} aigmi[> m[> p\i¼t S(±t ki ao]t mhiv)r Avim)
{9} b\h`ms*#i yi u_irm)mi>si v[d Äyis
v[di>t, v[d ki aºtBig h]. v[d k[ hr[k m>Dl k[ bid 'up(nPd`" aiti h].
es(lE v[di[> k[ a>tBig m[> (lK[ gE Åli[k up(nPd` kh[ jit[ h]>. ~)md` Bgvd` g)ti
ai]r b\h`ms*#i v[di>t min[ gE h]>. v[di>t aYi<>t` t_vdS<n ai]r Fm<piln k) Äyi²yi yi
(vvrN krn[vil[ g\>Y v[di>t kh[ jit[ h]>. mhiv)r Avim) ki aigmi[, gi]tmb&Û ki
(#i(pTk, (Sxip#i), g&@g\>Yv[d, ~)md` Bigvt, ai(d v[di>t h]>.
Page No.10
m&slmini[> k[ aik|mN k[ smy tx(Sli, (vk|m(Sli, ai(d (vwilyi[> ki niS
h&ai. ess[ ke< up(nPd` nOT h&E. ai(d S>kriciy<n[ b\h`ms*#i aYi<t` v[di>t aYi<t`
u_irm)mi>si pr BiOy (lKi h]; ji[ ''Si>krBiOy"" k[ $pm[> p\(s¹F h]. es g\>Y ki
a¹yyn krn[ s[ 'v[di>t" yi 't_vdS<n" ki sµci Av$p p\i¼t hi[ti h].
ai(d S>kriciy<ki ''miyiS(±tshkZt b\Mio]t p\(tpidk Si>kr v[diºt"" h].
miyiki aY< B\mNi (Illusion) h] ji[ ApOT hi[t) h]. miyi p(rv(t<t nh)> hi[t).
v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n . t_vdS<nki Äyivhi(rk $p Fm<piln h]. jb Äy(±t
Fm<piln {kt<Äyi>[ki piln} krti h]. tb usk) (nN<y p\(k|yi yi (c>tnm[> miyi
{B\mNi} p]di hi[t) h]. ai(d S>kriciy< es miyiS(±tki[ p\m&Kti n d[Kr Fm< {kt<Äy
Bivni} ki[ mh_v d[n[ki upd[S d[t[ h]>.
~)md` Bgvd` g)ti m[> aj&<n miyik[ kirN y&¹F krn[k[ (lE t]yir hi[ti nh)> h].
~) kZON jb Fm<pilnk[ b)c miyi S(±tk) avh[lni krn[k[ (lE upd[S d[t[ h]>. tb
vh 'k(rOy[ vcn> tv>"" khti h]. yh miyi Bi](tk @pm[> hi[t) h].
~) kZONn[ upd[S (dyi (k agr j)t jiEgi tb sir[ s>sir pr Sisn kr[gi
y(d t[r) mZRy& hi[g) tb v)r p&$Pi[ m[> t[r) nimni hi[g). mZRy&ki Dr miyiS(±tki p\Biv
hi[ti h]. Sr)r nOT hi[gi (kºt& aiRmi amr rh[g). es kYnki aY< Sr)r $p)
miyiS(±tk) avgNni h].
Fm<pilnk[ riAt[ m[> miyi ait) h], ji[ Fm< piln nh)> krn[ d[t).
ah> bM a(Am. t_vm` a(s. aiRmi si[ prmiRmi . vi±y>i[ki aY<GTn
(vXinn[ Ki[jk) h] (k hm m>di(kn) g[l[±s)m[> rht[ h]>; (jnm[> abji[> s*y< h]>.
E[s) abji[> g[l[(±syi< h]>.hmiri Sr)r ki[Pi>[s[ bni h]. g[l[±s)m[> s*y< c±kr kiTt[ h]>.
es) p\kir hmir[ Sr)r k[ ki[Pi[>m[> aN& c±kr kiTt[ h]>. ki[Pm[> abji[> aN& hi[t[ h]>.
hmir[ Sr)rm[> abji[> ki[P hi[t[ h]>. b\M` j]si bni h&ai h]; E[si h) hmiri Sr)r bni h&ai
h]>.
Ek: a(Am bh&: Ayim .
m&slmini[> k[ aik|mN k[ smy tx(Sli, (vk|m(Sli, ai(d (vwilyi[> ki niS
h&ai. ess[ ke< up(nPd` nOT h&E. ai(d S>kriciy<n[ b\h`ms*#i aYi<t` v[di>t aYi<t`
u_irm)mi>si pr BiOy (lKi h]; ji[ ''Si>krBiOy"" k[ $pm[> p\(s¹F h]. es g\>Y ki
a¹yyn krn[ s[ 'v[di>t" yi 't_vdS<n" ki sµci Av$p p\i¼t hi[ti h].
ai(d S>kriciy<ki ''miyiS(±tshkZt b\Mio]t p\(tpidk Si>kr v[diºt"" h].
miyiki aY< B\mNi (Illusion) h] ji[ ApOT hi[t) h]. miyi p(rv(t<t nh)> hi[t).
v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<n . t_vdS<nki Äyivhi(rk $p Fm<piln h]. jb Äy(±t
Fm<piln {kt<Äyi>[ki piln} krti h]. tb usk) (nN<y p\(k|yi yi (c>tnm[> miyi
{B\mNi} p]di hi[t) h]. ai(d S>kriciy< es miyiS(±tki[ p\m&Kti n d[Kr Fm< {kt<Äy
Bivni} ki[ mh_v d[n[ki upd[S d[t[ h]>.
~)md` Bgvd` g)ti m[> aj&<n miyik[ kirN y&¹F krn[k[ (lE t]yir hi[ti nh)> h].
~) kZON jb Fm<pilnk[ b)c miyi S(±tk) avh[lni krn[k[ (lE upd[S d[t[ h]>. tb
vh 'k(rOy[ vcn> tv>"" khti h]. yh miyi Bi](tk @pm[> hi[t) h].
~) kZONn[ upd[S (dyi (k agr j)t jiEgi tb sir[ s>sir pr Sisn kr[gi
y(d t[r) mZRy& hi[g) tb v)r p&$Pi[ m[> t[r) nimni hi[g). mZRy&ki Dr miyiS(±tki p\Biv
hi[ti h]. Sr)r nOT hi[gi (kºt& aiRmi amr rh[g). es kYnki aY< Sr)r $p)
miyiS(±tk) avgNni h].
Fm<pilnk[ riAt[ m[> miyi ait) h], ji[ Fm< piln nh)> krn[ d[t).
ah> bM a(Am. t_vm` a(s. aiRmi si[ prmiRmi . vi±y>i[ki aY<GTn
(vXinn[ Ki[jk) h] (k hm m>di(kn) g[l[±s)m[> rht[ h]>; (jnm[> abji[> s*y< h]>.
E[s) abji[> g[l[(±syi< h]>.hmiri Sr)r ki[Pi>[s[ bni h]. g[l[±s)m[> s*y< c±kr kiTt[ h]>.
es) p\kir hmir[ Sr)r k[ ki[Pi[>m[> aN& c±kr kiTt[ h]>. ki[Pm[> abji[> aN& hi[t[ h]>.
hmir[ Sr)rm[> abji[> ki[P hi[t[ h]>. b\M` j]si bni h&ai h]; E[si h) hmiri Sr)r bni h&ai
h]>.
Ek: a(Am bh&: Ayim .
Page No.11
aY< - m]> Ek h*‡ m]> an[k $pvili bn&> .
aY< - m]> aÄy±t h*‡ j)vAv$p m[> Äy±t bn*> .
en ki[Pi>[ s[ hmiri j)v bni h&ai h], us) p\kir g[l[(±s b\hm khliti h].
hmiri Sr)r aiRmi h]. Sr)r ai]r bM` di[ni[>ki Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} k[ kirN Sr)r ai]r
bM` a(AtRv rKt[ h>]. es sRyki[ jinni ci(hE ai]r v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<nki piln
krni ci(hE.
b\iM`mN pr>pri ~mNpr>pri
(1) aiRmi,prmiRmiki[ sRy mint[ h]>.
(1) b\h`m` ki[ sRy mint[ h]>.
(2) d[v, d[v), B*t-p\[tm[> mint[ h].
(2) d[v-d[v)k) p*jipiq nh)> (kºt&
enk) B*(mki {kt<ÄyBivni} pr
(vVis krt[ h]>.
(3) p*ji-piq, hin)kirk km<ki>Dm[> mint[
h]>.
(3) hi(nkirk km<ki>Dm[> mint[ nh)>
h]>.
(4) aiRmi, prmiRmi, e<Vrki nim l[t[ h]>.
(4) Fm< {kt<ÄyBivni} ki nim l[t[
h]>.
(5) prmiRmiki[ h) bM` mint[ h]>.
(5) b\M`ki[ prmiRmi nh)> mint[ h]>.
(6) p&n: jºmm[> mint[ h]>.
(6) p&n: jºmm[> nh)> mint[ h]>.
(7) Avg<-nrk m[> mint[ h]>.
(7) Avg<-nrk m[ nh)> mint[ h]>.
(8) 'km<" (vcirFirm[> mint[ h]>.(kºt& d&:K
–s&K p*v<jºmki fl mint[ h]>.
(8) 'km<" (c>tnm[> mint[ h]>. es
j)vnm[> (kE kmi[>< ki fl es)
jºmm[> (mlti h], E[si mint[ h]>.
(9) ki[e< aXit S(±tki[ prmiRmi, Bgvin`
mint[ h]>.
(9) Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} ki[ b\M`
mint[ h>].
(10) p&·y Bgvin, e<Vr k) K&S) s[ (mlti
(10) Fm< {kt<Äy (nOqi} s[ p&·y
aY< - m]> Ek h*‡ m]> an[k $pvili bn&> .
aY< - m]> aÄy±t h*‡ j)vAv$p m[> Äy±t bn*> .
en ki[Pi>[ s[ hmiri j)v bni h&ai h], us) p\kir g[l[(±s b\hm khliti h].
hmiri Sr)r aiRmi h]. Sr)r ai]r bM` di[ni[>ki Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} k[ kirN Sr)r ai]r
bM` a(AtRv rKt[ h>]. es sRyki[ jinni ci(hE ai]r v[di>t aYi<t` t_vdS<nki piln
krni ci(hE.
b\iM`mN pr>pri ~mNpr>pri
(1) aiRmi,prmiRmiki[ sRy mint[ h]>.
(1) b\h`m` ki[ sRy mint[ h]>.
(2) d[v, d[v), B*t-p\[tm[> mint[ h].
(2) d[v-d[v)k) p*jipiq nh)> (kºt&
enk) B*(mki {kt<ÄyBivni} pr
(vVis krt[ h]>.
(3) p*ji-piq, hin)kirk km<ki>Dm[> mint[
h]>.
(3) hi(nkirk km<ki>Dm[> mint[ nh)>
h]>.
(4) aiRmi, prmiRmi, e<Vrki nim l[t[ h]>.
(4) Fm< {kt<ÄyBivni} ki nim l[t[
h]>.
(5) prmiRmiki[ h) bM` mint[ h]>.
(5) b\M`ki[ prmiRmi nh)> mint[ h]>.
(6) p&n: jºmm[> mint[ h]>.
(6) p&n: jºmm[> nh)> mint[ h]>.
(7) Avg<-nrk m[> mint[ h]>.
(7) Avg<-nrk m[ nh)> mint[ h]>.
(8) 'km<" (vcirFirm[> mint[ h]>.(kºt& d&:K
–s&K p*v<jºmki fl mint[ h]>.
(8) 'km<" (c>tnm[> mint[ h]>. es
j)vnm[> (kE kmi[>< ki fl es)
jºmm[> (mlti h], E[si mint[ h]>.
(9) ki[e< aXit S(±tki[ prmiRmi, Bgvin`
mint[ h]>.
(9) Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} ki[ b\M`
mint[ h>].
(10) p&·y Bgvin, e<Vr k) K&S) s[ (mlti
(10) Fm< {kt<Äy (nOqi} s[ p&·y
Page No.12
h]. (mlti h], E[si mint[ h]>.
(11) pip, Bgvin, e<Vrk) niK&S) s[
(mlti h].
(11) aFm< {kt<Äy h)nti} s[ pip
(mlti h].
(12) g>giAnin, t)Y< yi#ii s[ pip nOT hi[ti
h].
(12) pip kB) B) nOT nh)> hi[ti pip
vj\l[p j]si rhti h]. pip B>ni
pDti h].
(13) ain[vil[ jºmm>[ pipp&·yki fl
(mlti h].
(13) ain[vili jºm yi p&n: jºm nh)>
hi[ti.
(14) km<ki>D {aµC[ yi hi(nkirk} p*ji-
piq krn[vili ai(Atk khi jiti h]>.
(14) Fm<ki piln krn[vili ai(Atk
mini jiti h].
(15) p*ji-piq, km<ki>D n krn[vili
Äy(±t ni(Atk mini jiti h].
(15) aFm< krn[vili {kt<Äy h)n
Äy(±t} ni(Atk mini jiti h].
(16) (A#iyi<-p&$Pi>[k[ B[>dm[ minti h].
(16) (A#iyi<>-p&$Pi[>k[ B[dm[> nh)> minti.
(17) B*t-p\[t, d[v –d[v)k[ aig[ p\iN)
b(ldin m[> mint[ h]>.
(17) B*t-p\[t, d[v –d[v)k[ aig[ p\iN)
b(ldin m[> nh)> mint[ h]>.
(18) U>c-n)c B[d m[> mint[ h]>.
(18) U>c-n)c B[d mint[ nh)> h]>.
(19) ji(t-B[d m[> mint[ h]>.
(19) ji(t-B[d m[> mint[ nh)> h]>.
(20) Fm<-pilnki[ mh_v nh)> d[t[.
(20) Fm<-pilnki[ mh_v d[t[ h].
(21) 'yX" m[> (vVis krt[ h]>.
(21) hi(nkirk 'yX" m[> mint[ nh)> h]>.
(22) p\ic)n a>F(vVisi[>ki[ mint[ h]>.
(22) p\ic)n a>F(vVisi[>ki[ nh)> mint[
h]>.
(23) km<ki>D, p*ji-piqs[ j)vn sfl
hi[ti h].
(23) Fm<pilns[ j)vn sfl hi[ti h]>.
(24) p*ji- piq, km<ki>D n krn[ s[ j)vn
(nOfl hi[ti h].
(24) aFm< piln s[ j)vn (nOfl hi[ti
h].
(25) m>t-t>#i, ti>(#ik, ai(dm[> mint[ h]>.
(25) m>#i-t#i ti>(#ikm[> minm[> nh)> h]>.
(26) Di(kn)m[> mint[ h]>.
(26) Di(kn)m[> mint[ nh)> h]>.
h]. (mlti h], E[si mint[ h]>.
(11) pip, Bgvin, e<Vrk) niK&S) s[
(mlti h].
(11) aFm< {kt<Äy h)nti} s[ pip
(mlti h].
(12) g>giAnin, t)Y< yi#ii s[ pip nOT hi[ti
h].
(12) pip kB) B) nOT nh)> hi[ti pip
vj\l[p j]si rhti h]. pip B>ni
pDti h].
(13) ain[vil[ jºmm>[ pipp&·yki fl
(mlti h].
(13) ain[vili jºm yi p&n: jºm nh)>
hi[ti.
(14) km<ki>D {aµC[ yi hi(nkirk} p*ji-
piq krn[vili ai(Atk khi jiti h]>.
(14) Fm<ki piln krn[vili ai(Atk
mini jiti h].
(15) p*ji-piq, km<ki>D n krn[vili
Äy(±t ni(Atk mini jiti h].
(15) aFm< krn[vili {kt<Äy h)n
Äy(±t} ni(Atk mini jiti h].
(16) (A#iyi<-p&$Pi>[k[ B[>dm[ minti h].
(16) (A#iyi<>-p&$Pi[>k[ B[dm[> nh)> minti.
(17) B*t-p\[t, d[v –d[v)k[ aig[ p\iN)
b(ldin m[> mint[ h]>.
(17) B*t-p\[t, d[v –d[v)k[ aig[ p\iN)
b(ldin m[> nh)> mint[ h]>.
(18) U>c-n)c B[d m[> mint[ h]>.
(18) U>c-n)c B[d mint[ nh)> h]>.
(19) ji(t-B[d m[> mint[ h]>.
(19) ji(t-B[d m[> mint[ nh)> h]>.
(20) Fm<-pilnki[ mh_v nh)> d[t[.
(20) Fm<-pilnki[ mh_v d[t[ h].
(21) 'yX" m[> (vVis krt[ h]>.
(21) hi(nkirk 'yX" m[> mint[ nh)> h]>.
(22) p\ic)n a>F(vVisi[>ki[ mint[ h]>.
(22) p\ic)n a>F(vVisi[>ki[ nh)> mint[
h]>.
(23) km<ki>D, p*ji-piqs[ j)vn sfl
hi[ti h].
(23) Fm<pilns[ j)vn sfl hi[ti h]>.
(24) p*ji- piq, km<ki>D n krn[ s[ j)vn
(nOfl hi[ti h].
(24) aFm< piln s[ j)vn (nOfl hi[ti
h].
(25) m>t-t>#i, ti>(#ik, ai(dm[> mint[ h]>.
(25) m>#i-t#i ti>(#ikm[> minm[> nh)> h]>.
(26) Di(kn)m[> mint[ h]>.
(26) Di(kn)m[> mint[ nh)> h]>.
Page No.13
(27) v[d ai(d SiA#i[> ki a¹yyn A#i) ki[
krn[ nh)> d[t[.
(27) (A#iyi[> ki[ (Bx&k bnn[ d[t[ h]> ai]r
(#i(pTk, aigmi[ ai(d si(hRy ki
a¹yyn-a¹yipn krn[ d[t[ h]>.
(28) v[d ai(d g>Yi[> k[ a>F(vVis ki[ miºy
krt[ h]>.
(28) v[d ai(d g>Yi[> k[ a>F(vVis ki
Av)kir nh)> krt[.
(29) pr>prigt uRsvi[> ki[ mniyi jiti h]>.
(29) hi(nkirk pr>prigt uRsvi[> ki[
mnit[ nh)>> h]>.
(30) aiRmlx) (c>tn krt[ h]>.
(30) aniRmlx) (c>tn (kyi jiti h]>.
(31) aXit S(±tk) p*ji krt[ h]>.
(31) Fm<piln $(p Bivni ki Av)kir
krt[ h]>, ai]r Äyvhir krt[ h]>.
(32) b\h`mi>D prmiRmi oiri s>ci(lt hi[ti
h]. E[s) ~¹Fi h].
(32) b\h`mi>D 'Fm<" oiri s>ci(lt hi[ti
h]. E[s) miºyti h].
(33) (ptZ~iÛ m[> mint[ h]>
(33) (ptZ~iÛ m[> mint[ nh)> h]>
(34) (ptZdi[P m[> mint[ h]>
(34) (ptZdi[P m[> mint[ nh)> h]>
(35) k&>Bm[l[ ki[ mniyi jiti h]>.
(35) k&>Bm[l[ ki[ mniyi jiti nh)> h]>.
(36) d[v-d[vi(d s[ smij ki[ ByB)t rKi
jiti h].
(36) smij ki[ aFm<s[ ByB)t rKi
jiti h]>.
(37) hi(nkirk ai]r u(ct km<ki>D s[ p&·y
(mlti h].
(37) Fm<piln {kt<Äy Bivni ki
piln} krn[ s[ p&·y (mlti h].
(38) d[v)-d[vti k[ aig[ hi(nkirk ai]r
u(ct km<ki>D n krn[ s[ pip hi[ti
h]>.
(38) aFm< {kt<Äy Bivni k) hi(n}
krn[ s[ pip hi[ti h].
(39) Avg<-nrk mZRy& k[ bid yi p)Cl[
jºm m[> (mlti h]. E[s) ~¹Fi h].
(39) Avg<-nrk es) j)vn kilm[>
(mlti h]>. mZRy& k[ bid k&C nh)>
hi[ti.
(40) aiRmlx) (subjective) (c>tn (kyi
jiti h].
(40) aniRmlx) (objective) (c>tn
(kyi jiti h].
(41) a>t: mn (vcir (Intution) oiri sRy
p\i¼t krt[ h]>.
(41) tk<S(±t (Resoning) oiri sRy
p\i¼t krt[ h]>.
(42) s>p\diy k[ lxNi[m[> (vVis rKt[ h]>. (42) t_vdS<n k[ lxNi[m[> mint[ h]>.
43) e<Ævr, prmiRmi, aiRmi, d[v-d[v) p*¶y
min[ jit[ h]>.
(43) 'Fm<" ki[ p*¶y mint[ h]>. rim,
kZON, gi]tm b&¹F, mhiv)r, Avim),
ai(d diS<(nk, Fm< ki {(vON&
ki} minv)krN h]. es(lE v[
sb p*¶y h]>.
(27) v[d ai(d SiA#i[> ki a¹yyn A#i) ki[
krn[ nh)> d[t[.
(27) (A#iyi[> ki[ (Bx&k bnn[ d[t[ h]> ai]r
(#i(pTk, aigmi[ ai(d si(hRy ki
a¹yyn-a¹yipn krn[ d[t[ h]>.
(28) v[d ai(d g>Yi[> k[ a>F(vVis ki[ miºy
krt[ h]>.
(28) v[d ai(d g>Yi[> k[ a>F(vVis ki
Av)kir nh)> krt[.
(29) pr>prigt uRsvi[> ki[ mniyi jiti h]>.
(29) hi(nkirk pr>prigt uRsvi[> ki[
mnit[ nh)>> h]>.
(30) aiRmlx) (c>tn krt[ h]>.
(30) aniRmlx) (c>tn (kyi jiti h]>.
(31) aXit S(±tk) p*ji krt[ h]>.
(31) Fm<piln $(p Bivni ki Av)kir
krt[ h]>, ai]r Äyvhir krt[ h]>.
(32) b\h`mi>D prmiRmi oiri s>ci(lt hi[ti
h]. E[s) ~¹Fi h].
(32) b\h`mi>D 'Fm<" oiri s>ci(lt hi[ti
h]. E[s) miºyti h].
(33) (ptZ~iÛ m[> mint[ h]>
(33) (ptZ~iÛ m[> mint[ nh)> h]>
(34) (ptZdi[P m[> mint[ h]>
(34) (ptZdi[P m[> mint[ nh)> h]>
(35) k&>Bm[l[ ki[ mniyi jiti h]>.
(35) k&>Bm[l[ ki[ mniyi jiti nh)> h]>.
(36) d[v-d[vi(d s[ smij ki[ ByB)t rKi
jiti h].
(36) smij ki[ aFm<s[ ByB)t rKi
jiti h]>.
(37) hi(nkirk ai]r u(ct km<ki>D s[ p&·y
(mlti h].
(37) Fm<piln {kt<Äy Bivni ki
piln} krn[ s[ p&·y (mlti h].
(38) d[v)-d[vti k[ aig[ hi(nkirk ai]r
u(ct km<ki>D n krn[ s[ pip hi[ti
h]>.
(38) aFm< {kt<Äy Bivni k) hi(n}
krn[ s[ pip hi[ti h].
(39) Avg<-nrk mZRy& k[ bid yi p)Cl[
jºm m[> (mlti h]. E[s) ~¹Fi h].
(39) Avg<-nrk es) j)vn kilm[>
(mlti h]>. mZRy& k[ bid k&C nh)>
hi[ti.
(40) aiRmlx) (subjective) (c>tn (kyi
jiti h].
(40) aniRmlx) (objective) (c>tn
(kyi jiti h].
(41) a>t: mn (vcir (Intution) oiri sRy
p\i¼t krt[ h]>.
(41) tk<S(±t (Resoning) oiri sRy
p\i¼t krt[ h]>.
(42) s>p\diy k[ lxNi[m[> (vVis rKt[ h]>. (42) t_vdS<n k[ lxNi[m[> mint[ h]>.
43) e<Ævr, prmiRmi, aiRmi, d[v-d[v) p*¶y
min[ jit[ h]>.
(43) 'Fm<" ki[ p*¶y mint[ h]>. rim,
kZON, gi]tm b&¹F, mhiv)r, Avim),
ai(d diS<(nk, Fm< ki {(vON&
ki} minv)krN h]. es(lE v[
sb p*¶y h]>.
Page No.14
(44) yX {b(ldin} oiri s&K, Si>(t (mlt[
h]>.
(44) yp>c mhiyX oiri s&K-Si>(t
(mlt) h]. {1} b\h`myX, {2}
d[vyX, {3} (ptZyX, {4}
B*tyX, {5} a(t(YyX
(45) simi(jk cir vN< jºmjit s[ bnt[
h]>.
(45) simi(jk cirvN< km< s[ bnt[ h]>.
(46) minv prmiRmi ki a>S h]. minv B)
Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} ki minv)krN
h] E[si nh)> mint[.
(46) minv B) Fm< ki minv)krN h] .
E[si mint[ h]>.
(47) 'Fm<piln" (nV|t h] E[si nh)> mint[ .
(47) 'Fm<piln" avÆy krni ci(hE
E[si mini jiti h].
(48) mitZFm<, (ptZFm<, p&#iFm<, pRn)Fm<,
p(tFm<, ai(d Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni}
Bgvin k) p\[rNi s[ (kE jit[ h]>.
(48) mitZFm<, (ptZFm<, p&#iFm<, pRn)Fm<,
p(tFm<,ai(d Fm< mn&Oy ki[ Avy>
krni ci(hE.
(49) e<Ævr, Bgvin, d[v-d[v), prmiRmi
hmir) rxi kr[>g[ E[s) miºyti h].
(49) r(xt: Fm<: rx(t. y(d minv Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} k) rxi krti h].
tb Fm< minvk) rxi krti h].
(50) e<Ævr ai(d k|i[Fiymin hi[t[ h]> tb
hmiri niS hi[ti h].
(50) h(ºt Fm<: ht: . y(d hm Fm<
{kt<Äy Bivni} ki niS krt[ h]>;
aYi<t` aFm< krt[ h]> tb hmiri
niS hi[ti h]>.
(51) smij, k&>T&>b, d[S, (vÆv ai(d k[
a(AtRv ki (c>tn nh)> krt[ ai]r
Bgvin pr Ci[D d[t[ h]>.
(51) minv, k&>T&>b, d[S, smij, (vÆv
k[ a(AtRv ki (c>tn hi[ti h]. Fm<
{kt<Äy Bivni} hmiri a(AtRv
bniy[ rKti h].
(44) yX {b(ldin} oiri s&K, Si>(t (mlt[
h]>.
(44) yp>c mhiyX oiri s&K-Si>(t
(mlt) h]. {1} b\h`myX, {2}
d[vyX, {3} (ptZyX, {4}
B*tyX, {5} a(t(YyX
(45) simi(jk cir vN< jºmjit s[ bnt[
h]>.
(45) simi(jk cirvN< km< s[ bnt[ h]>.
(46) minv prmiRmi ki a>S h]. minv B)
Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni} ki minv)krN
h] E[si nh)> mint[.
(46) minv B) Fm< ki minv)krN h] .
E[si mint[ h]>.
(47) 'Fm<piln" (nV|t h] E[si nh)> mint[ .
(47) 'Fm<piln" avÆy krni ci(hE
E[si mini jiti h].
(48) mitZFm<, (ptZFm<, p&#iFm<, pRn)Fm<,
p(tFm<, ai(d Fm< {kt<Äy Bivni}
Bgvin k) p\[rNi s[ (kE jit[ h]>.
(48) mitZFm<, (ptZFm<, p&#iFm<, pRn)Fm<,
p(tFm<,ai(d Fm< mn&Oy ki[ Avy>
krni ci(hE.
(49) e<Ævr, Bgvin, d[v-d[v), prmiRmi
hmir) rxi kr[>g[ E[s) miºyti h].
(49) r(xt: Fm<: rx(t. y(d minv Fm<
{kt<Äy(nOqi} k) rxi krti h].
tb Fm< minvk) rxi krti h].
(50) e<Ævr ai(d k|i[Fiymin hi[t[ h]> tb
hmiri niS hi[ti h].
(50) h(ºt Fm<: ht: . y(d hm Fm<
{kt<Äy Bivni} ki niS krt[ h]>;
aYi<t` aFm< krt[ h]> tb hmiri
niS hi[ti h]>.
(51) smij, k&>T&>b, d[S, (vÆv ai(d k[
a(AtRv ki (c>tn nh)> krt[ ai]r
Bgvin pr Ci[D d[t[ h]>.
(51) minv, k&>T&>b, d[S, smij, (vÆv
k[ a(AtRv ki (c>tn hi[ti h]. Fm<
{kt<Äy Bivni} hmiri a(AtRv
bniy[ rKti h].
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