TDC-15-S-05 Handling Emergencies and Breakdowns (Version 2).pptx

road safety

1. HANDLING EMERGENCIES and BREAKDOWNS Theoretical Driving Course (TDC) For Student-driver’s Permit Applicants Subject No. 5 Subject Code: TDC-15-S-05

2. Handling Emergencies and Breakdowns Topic Outline: 1. Emergency Situations and Procedures 2. Road Crash 3. First Aid for Road Crash Victims

3. Emergency Situations

4. Don’t brake. Look to your target or escape area and pull over to the side of the road. Turn on hazard lights and properly placed Early Warning Device (EWD) TIRE BLOWOUT EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

5. Aim to the target or escape area. Release the accelerator Control steering. Downshift. Do not switch off the engine. Use parking brake, keep the release lever open and use it as a brake. Use soft crash area if necessary. A brake failure can be a complete loss of brakes or only power brake failure. LOSS OF BRAKE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

6. Excess Heat Can Damage the Engine. ENGINE OVERHEAT Monitor your vehicle’s temperature, radiator hoses and coolant level. STOP THE VEHICLE but avoid switching off the engine. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

7. ENGINE OVERHEAT Cool the Engine: Let the engine idle. Open the hood then continuously pour water on the fins of radiator. Do not pour water on the engine. Add coolant if there is no leak and the engine is back to normal operating temperature. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

8. Steer out of traffic, away from buildings, people, and other cars. Have all occupants leave the car immediately and move away. Do not open the hood. Turn off the ignition then get out quickly. ENGINE FIRE EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

9. Look – Where you want to go Steer – Where you want to go Off pedals – Release the brake or accelerator to maintain rolling traction. Never give up - Maintain constant attention to steering until the vehicle is back under control. Use trail braking if needed. Note: Never take off your hands on the steering wheel SKID & TRACTION LOSS EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

10. Drive with lights on low beam Slow down and do not turn on the hazard lights Signal Turns Reduce Distractions Use Clean Wipers Stop at a safe place and turn on hazard lights Note: Avoid using white headlight POOR VISIBILITY EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

11. Stay calm and check for injuries. Keep safety first and find out your location if anyone is injured, call PNP hotline (117) or Red Cross hotline (143) immediately. Be prepared before it happens. Always bring your emergency kit in your car. First aid kit Flashlight Early Warning Device EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

12. Photograph and document the road crash scene. The Incident Involved Parties Witnesses Police Officers Check for injured or unconscious passengers. Move them out of the vehicle to a safe place away from oncoming traffic. If injuries have occurred like cuts, abrasions etc., administer first aid procedures if possible. EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

13. Oil light on. Check the oil level and add oil. This warning may come from malfunctioning pump or oil leaking. Brake light on. C heck if hand brake is engaged or check for brake fluid leak. Call for a mechanic. Battery/Alternator warning light on. Check the battery connection. Check alternator belt. Call for auto electrician. Temperature warning light on. Switch off the aircon. Check for water leak. Pour water on radiator fins (if no water leak) but do not switch off the engine. Wait until temperature cools down. Stop on a safe place …… EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

14. SCHOOL BUS SAFETY Getting On the Bus Be at the loading zone 5 minutes before the arrival of the bus. Never run to or from the bus. Wait at a designated stop in a safe place. Never stand in the danger zone that surrounds the school service. The danger zone is anywhere close enough to touch the school service. Never cross the street to get on the service, always wait until it has come to a complete stop. Hold the handrail when getting on. Do not push or shove. School service driver and conductor should train and educate the Students to:

15. Riding the Bus Sit properly. Place bags and belongings under the seat or lap. Keep the aisle clear. Keep hands and arms inside the vehicle. Not to throw trash/objects inside or outside of the vehicle. Behave and be quiet. Avoid playing and bullying while inside the service. Participate in all bus evacuation procedures. Refrain from eating or drinking inside the vehicle. Always follow the bus driver’s instructions School service driver and conductor should train and educate the Students to: SCHOOL BUS SAFETY

16. Getting Off the Bus Remain in the seat until the bus comes to a complete stop. Hold the handrail and take two large steps away from the bus when leaving. To cross the street in front of the bus, walk ahead at least ten giant steps (three meters). Cross only when the driver gives a signal. Proceed across the street, looking both ways for oncoming traffic. Cross the street in single file. Allow people sitting at the front to leave first. Do not push. Tell an adult if something is dropped near the bus. WALK, Don’t run. SCHOOL BUS SAFETY School service driver and conductor should train and educate the Students to:

17. Road Crash

18. ROAD CRASH It is a road incident involving one or more motor vehicle occurring on a public road that usually results in death, physical injuries, and damage to property.

19. Factors of Road Crash Human Factor (Road Users) Machine / Motor Vehicle Factor Engineering / Infrastructure Factor Environmental Factor ROAD CRASH

20. DRIVERS PASSENGERS MOTORCYCLISTS PEDESTRIANS CYCLISTS BYSTANDERS & HAWKERS ROAD CRASH

21. STOP. Never drive away from the scene even a minor one. Call for Help. It is a good idea to call a police and ambulance immediately if anyone is hurt or if the road is blocked. Make an Accurate Record . When a police or ambulance arrive, make sure you tell exactly what happened and if there are any injured driver or passengers. ROAD CRASH Protect the Scene and Assess Safety. Use Early Warning Devices and turn on your hazard lights so that you can be more visible and move the vehicles involved out of the traffic lanes, if possible.

22. FIRST AID

23. First and immediate treatment that is given to the victim of a road crash or sudden illness before any medical help arrives. WHAT IS FIRST AID ?

24. 1. Attend to anyone who is not yet walking and talking. 2. If any of the vehicle is on fire, remove all occupants and make sure everyone is well clear. 3. Do not remove the injured unless they are in burning car or other immediate danger. Unnecessary moving often makes injuries worse. FIRST AID TIPS

25. 4. If knowledgeable, check for breathing and apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if needed. 5. Call a doctor or ambulance for serious and physical injuries. 6. Do not attempt to give first aid unless you have been trained in it. FIRST AID TIPS