Tea.pptx

Pharmacogenetic study of tea

1. TEA Sub- Pharmacognosy -II By, Dhammadip Nandgaye M Pharm (Pharmaceutical C hemistry)

2. TEA Biological source: • The botanical name of tea is Camellia sinensis . • The biological source of tea is prepared leaves and leaf buds of it. • It belongs to the theaceae family. • Commonly it is known as tea plant or tea shrub.

3. Morphological features: • Tea is a evergreen shrub or small tree. • It is usually trimmed to below 2 m during the cultivation of its leaves. • It is consist of strong taproot. • The color of flowers are yellow – white. • The size of flower is 2.5-4 cm in diameter. • Its flowers consist of 7 or 8 petals. • The size of leaves are 4-15 cm long and 2-5 cm broad. • The young , light green leaves have short and white hairs on the underside. • Older leaves are deep green in color. • The tea plant is polymorphic species. • Its strong taproot giving rise to a surface mat of feeder roots with endotrophic mycorrhizae .

4. • Leaves are alternate and lanceolate to obovate . • Leaves are pubescent and sometimes become the glabrous, serrate, acute or acuminate. • Flowers are having 1-3 in number. • Flowers are in axillary or subterminal cymes. • Flowers are aromatic and consist of 5-7 sepal and petals. • The pedicles are about 5-15 mm long. • Ovary 3-5 carpellate and each carple have 4-6 ovulate. • Capsules are depressed- globose , brownish, lobate and 2 cm broad. • Capsules are having 1-3 sub- globose seeds in each lobe.

5. 3 . Chemical constituents: • The leaves of tea consist of thease which is an enzymatic mixture containing an oxidase, which partly converts the phlobatannin into phlobaphene , as chemical constituent. • Other chemical constituent present in tea leaves are tannins, caffeine. • It contain 1-5% of tannin and 10-24% of caffeine. • In tea leaves theobromine is also present in small amount. • Tea leaves also consist of theophylline and volatile oil. • Alkaloid content also present in tea leaves but its amount only depend on season and age of tea leaves. • Seeds of C. sinensis contain acylated oleane type triterpenes having antiallergic activities. •

6. Major chemical constituents are catechins and theoflavins . • Physically, tea has both qualities of solution and suspension. • Caffeine is about 3% of tea’s dry weight. • Black tea contain dietary mineral manganese about 0.5 miligrams . • Fluoride is also present in tea in small amount. • Polyphenols are most abundant chemical constituents present in tea.(30-40%) • Example of polyphenols present in tea leaves are flavonoids , epigallocatechin gallate and other catechins

7. Uses: • Drinking black or green tea have beneficial effects on body. • It is non-alcoholic beverages. • It has strong antioxidant property due to presence of caffeine in addition with polyphenols. • It also have free radical scavenging properties. • It helps in the inhibition of angiogenesis i.e. the process involving the growth of blood vessel essential for tumour growth and metastasis. • It is used to treat genetic haemochromatosis via inhibition of absorption of iron by tannates and other ligands.

8. • It helps to treat blindness caused due to diabetes which is an angiogenic condition. • It helps to lower the risk of ischemic heart disease in older man. • The major application of tea is to maintain cardiovascular health. • It helps in the prevention of cancer. • Green and black tea helps to protect against obesity . • It also helps to treat alzheimer’s disease.

9. 5 . Adulterants: The common adulterants of soapstone, gypsum, graphite, indigo dye and Prussian blue dye substances.