Techno Economic Analysis IIP Deheradun.pdf

The project titled “Techno-Economic Assessment of CO? Production in Cement Industries” focused on evaluating the integration of carbon capture technologies—particularly the Calcium Looping (CaL) process—within cement plants to reduce emissions. Conducted at CSIR–Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, the study involved process simulation using ASPEN Plus to analyze mass and energy balances and assess economic feasibility. The integration model achieved a CO? capture efficiency of 83.8%, demonstrating significant emission reduction potential. The techno-economic evaluation identified optimal energy use, cost factors, and sustainability outcomes, providing a practical framework for decarbonizing India’s cement industry through advanced CCUS technologies.

1. Defence Application
of Thermoelectric
Coolers
DRP 2025
Arpan Chatterjee (B20IMT709)
Institute of Chemical Technology - IOC
Sepetemeber 2025
Page 1

2. Background of
the Study
The research aims at the
successful integration of thermal
jackets used in the defence
sectors and the Peltier modules
commercially available.
This is a comprehensive study and
development of a prototype of
one of the cooling channels, which
will be integrated along with a
jacket, as a part of the future
scope of this protoype.
Page 2

3. Today’s Agenda
01
02
04
Proposed Solution
Methodology
Problem Statement
05
Scope of Future Work
Page 3

4. CHAPTER-1
PROBLEM STATEMENT Page 4

5. Problem Statement
Source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBZ-7i5VaEY
Page 5

6. Problem Statement The study focuses on optimizing the performance of a 127-
legged Peltier module using CFD for integration into defence
wearables.
Scope of the Study
The research is significant as it addresses the need for
indigenous, energy-efficient, and reliable wearable cooling
systems to enhance soldier endurance and operational efficiency
in environments like Siachen and Rajasthan
Relevance of the Study
How can a TEC12706 module be numerically modeled and
optimized to achieve maximum coefficient of performance
(COP), effective heat dissipation, and feasible integration into
wearable defence apparel
Research Question
Page 6

7. CHAPTER-2
PROPOSED SOLUTION Page 7

8. Types of Thermoelectric Effect SEEBECK EFFECT PELTIER EFFECT
Page 8

9. Peltier Module The Peltier module, which is being used based on the ‘Peltier
Effect’, which is the phenomenon in which heat is either absorbed
or released at the junction of two dissimilar conductors or
semiconductors when an electric current passes through it.”

If current flows in one direction, the junction absorbs heat
(cooling). If the current is reversed, the junction releases heat
(heating).
This effect was discovered by Jean Charles Athanase Peltier in
1834 and forms the basis of thermoelectric cooling devices (Peltier
modules).
Here TEC1-12706, which indicates 12V operating potential
difference, 127 thermocouples and 6A operating current. Page 9

10. Page 10How does it work ?

11. CHAPTER-2.1
PELTIER MOUDLE
‌SIMULATION Page 11

12. Page 12Internals of the Module

13. Page 13COMSOL Simulation
Geometry

14. Page 14
Physical Parameters of the geometry
Physical Parameter Value Unit
Thermoelement Length 1 mm
Thermoelement Width 1.2 mm
Thermoelement Height 1.7 mm
Connector Plate Length 2.5 mm
Connector Plate Width 1.2 mm
Connector Plate Thickness 0.1 mm
Ceramics Length 26 mm
Ceramics Width 29 mm
Ceramics Thickness 2.5 mm
Pitch 0.5 mm

15. Page 15COMSOL Simulation
Heat Transfer in Solids

16. Page 16
Equations used in the Heat Transfer Module
The module geometry is defined as Solid ‘1’ with an initial temperature of 323.15 K, thermally insulated except for one
outward ceramic face assigned as the default heat source. The boundary heat source specifies Qmax and Qvar through
transient heat flow equations in solids :
Where, is the density of the solid interface, Cp is the specific heat capacity of the solid interface at constant stress, T is
the absolute temperature in degree Kelvin, u is the transient velocity vector, q is the heat flux generated due to
conduction, Qted is the thermoelastic damping accounting for the thermoelastic effects in the interface, consisting of ,
which is the coefficient of thermal expansion, S is the second Piola Kirchoff stress tensor and k is the overall thermal
conductivity of the solid interface.

17. Page 17COMSOL Simulation
Electric Current Physics

18. Page 18
Equations used in the Heat Transfer Module
The Electric Currents interface in COMSOL Multiphysics (under the AC/DC Module) models current flow in conductors
by solving Ohm’s law–based conservation equations, enabling DC, AC, and transient analyses where magnetic effects
are negligible. In our case, we applied it from a DC perspective, defining all domains except the ceramic plates as shown
in the figure.
Where σ is the electrical conductivity, and J is an externally generated current density, Qis the heat generated due
to the current density produced AND Q is the heat generated at a constant potential difference and current
density.
e j
j,V

19. Page 19COMSOL Simulation
Multiphysics Module

20. Page 20
Equations used in the Multiphysics Module
The Thermoelectric Effect governs the reversible coupling of thermal and electrical energies, enabling direct
conversion of temperature gradients into electric potentials and vice versa, fundamental to thermoelectric cooling and
power generation systems. It is quantitatively described by the Seebeck, Peltier, and Thomson effects, unified through
Thomson thermodynamic relations.
Thermoelectric Effect & Electromagnetic Heating
Electromagnetic heating is a Multiphysics coupling accounting for volumetric, electromagnetic, and loss on the surface in
the heat equation. Here, we are considering the thermocouples and their base plates, where the following equations are
applied for resistive heating:

21. Page 21COMSOL Simulation
Meshing

22. Parameters Statistics
Space Dimensions 3D
Number of Domains 515
Number of Boundaries 3088
Number of Edges 5662
Number of Vertices 3092
Page 22
Meshing
The model geometry was discretized using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3 with a physics-controlled meshing
strategy. Free Tetrahedral elements were applied to volumetric domains, while mapped meshing ensured
structured surfaces. Fine Resolution with manual refinements in high-gradient zones (thermoelectric legs,
conductors, and interfaces) enhanced accuracy. Boundary layer meshing and reduced element sizes
improved flux resolution without excessive computational cost.
Mesh quality evaluation is done through COMSOL’s built-in metrics, ensuring that the minimum element
quality was within acceptable limits and the element skewness was minimized to prevent solver instability.
The mesh statics and meshing has been shown below:

23. CHAPTER-2.2
SETUP &
‌EXPERIMENTATION Page 23

24. Page 24
Initial Setup Configuration
Schematic of the Initial Setup
Actual Setup

25. Page 25
Final Setup Configuration
Schematic of the Initial Setup
Actual Setup

26. Page 26
Experimental ConfigurationThe module/setup was first connected to a DC Supply with an input
voltage of around 5.8 V and 39.03 A of current, which was being taken
up by the centrifugal fan attached at the top of the setup, responsible
for the concentrated flow of the air to be cooled ad left into the jacket
The system was connected to a DAC system for the measurement of the
temperature at the inlet and the average air temperature at the outlet,
by using 2 probes connected to the DAC software.
Post that, wen the DAC was connected to a laptop, which recorded the
temperature data, which will be discussed in the later part of the
discussion.

27. CHAPTER-3
RESULTS ACHIEVED Page 27

28. Page 28
COMSOL Results
Heat Transfer v/s Thermal Gradient

29. Page 29
COMSOL Results
Electric Current v/s Thermal Gradient

30. Page 30
COMSOL Results
Coefficient of Performance (COP)

31. Page 31
Experimental Results
Temperature at the Inlet (℃) Temperature at Nozzle 1 (℃) Temperature at Nozzle 2 (℃) Average Temperatures at the (℃)
59.69 42.73 39.07 40.9
58.53 42.23 39.26 40.75
55.02 40.27 37.42 38.85
54.16 37.25 35.69 36.47
53.49 38.05 36.37 37.21
51.85 41.11 38.78 39.94
51.55 37.59 35.64 36.62
51.34 40.85 37.93 39.39
51.18 40.77 38.46 39.61
50.86 36.22 35.39 35.81
48.94 40.64 38.58 39.61
48.84 39.91 38.24 39.07
48.7 35.6 34.79 35.19
47.69 40.25 38.24 39.24
47.39 37 35.26 36.13
46.67 40.16 38.15 39.16
46.38 38.23 36.52 37.38
46.19 38.9 36.65 37.77
44.82 39.65 37.99 38.82

32. Page 32
Experimental Results
The curve of Inlet temperature v/s Average outlet temperature at the nozzles

33. Thank You
September, 2025
Page 33