Technology Tranfer models

Qualitative and Quantitative Technology Transfer Models...
This topic comes under Product Development and Technology Transfer....
This is useful for M.Pharm (Pharaceutical Quality Assurance) Students who studying in Fist year sem I....
This Presentation Contain following...
#Introduction of Technology Transfer
#Types of Technology Transfer
#Importance, Reasons of Technology Transfer
#Models of Technology Transfer
#Conclusion
#References
Thanks For Help and Guidance of Mr. Rakesh P. Dhawale Sir
and Miss. Sadaf A. Mutwalli

1. Presented By Mr. Pritam P. Kolge First Year M. Pharm Department Of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance Bharati Vidyapeeth College Of Pharmacy, Kolhapur TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER MODELS IN PHARMACEUTICALS 1 Guided By Mr. Rakesh P. Dhawale Assistant Professor Department Of Pharmaceutics

2. CONTENTS 2 Introduction Types, Methods, facets, importance, reasons of technology transfer. Models of technology transfer Conclusion References

3. INTRODUCTION 3 Pharmaceutical industry, “technology transfer” refers to the processes of successful progress from drug discovery to product development, clinical trials and ultimately full-scale commercialization. The term technology transfer can be defined as the process of movement of technology from one unit to another. Technology transfer is a broad set of processes in which technology is transferred between different stakeholder such as governments, private sector, nongovernmental organizations NGO’s and research institutions.

4. TYPES 4

5. METHODS 5 Licensing is the most common method of technology transfer. There are two strategies for licensing one is licensing-in and licensing-out. In licensing-in strategy, companies that are small and lack facilities to do basic research and these facilities want to buy other research. In case of licensing-out strategy, company’s right is given to another party.

6. IMPORTANCE 6 Improvement of the research pertinence/Relevance and its promotion in foreign countries. Contribution with the creation and consolidation of research groups and centers for technology development , involving the training of young research students. Promote interdisciplinary projects to be developed in the region of interest.

7. REASONS 7 Many reasons exist why a company would like to transfer its technology to other parties: Due to lack of manufacturing capacity Due to lack of resources to launch product commercially Due to lack of marketing distribution and distribution capability

8. MODELS OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER 8 QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE 1. The Bar-Zakay model 2. The Behrman and Wallender model 3. The Dahlman and Westphal model 4. The Schlie, Radnor and Wad model 5. The Chantramonklasri model 1 . Sharif and Haq 2. Raz et al 3. Klein and Lim

9. 1. The Bar-Zakay model 9 Bar-Zakay (1971) developed a technology transfer model based on a project management approach. Technology transfer process is divided into the Search, Adaptation, Implementation and Maintenance stages. The lessons that can be learnt from the Bar-Zakay model are the following: There is a need for a comprehensive examination of the entire technology transfer process from “search” right through to “post-implementation” activities.

10. 10 The process approach must be adopted in planning and implementing technology transfer projects. Milestones and decision points are important so that activities can be strengthened, mistakes corrected, or even the project terminated at any point in time.

11. 11

12. 2.The Behrman and Wallender model 12 Behrman and Wallender (1976) have proposed a seven stage process for international technology transfer that may be more relevant to multinational corporations . The seven stages are: 1. Manufacturing proposal and planning to arrive at decisions regarding location and preparing a business case including good resource assessments. 2. Deciding the product design technologies to be transferred. 3. Specifying details of the plant to be designed to produce the product and other aspects related to construction and infrastructure development. 4. Plant construction and production start-up. 5. Adapting the process and product if needed and strengthening production systems to suit local conditions. 6. Improving the product technology transferred using local skills. 7. Providing external support to strengthen the relationship between the transferor and transferee.

13. 13

14. 3. The Dahlman and Westphal model (1981) 14 proposed a nine stage process model as follows: 1. Pre-investment feasibility is carried out to gather information and establishing project viability that are carried out for techno-economic. 2. On the basis of feasibility study there is a need to carry out a preliminary identification of technologies. 3. Carry out basic engineering studies that involve the preparation of process flow diagrams, layouts, material and energy balances and other design specifications of the plant and machinery and the core technology to be transferred. 4. To make the transfer effective carry out a detailed engineering study that involve the preparation of a detailed civil engineering plan for the facility, including construction and installation specifications and identification of the peripheral technology needed.

15. 15 5. Selection of suppliers to assemble the plant machinery, equipment and plan for the co-ordination of the work among various parties. 6. The education plan and training are executed in consultation with the suppliers of technology for the workers who would be employed in the technology transfer project. 7. The plant is constructed. 8. Operations are commenced. 9. Develop trouble-shooting skills and put in place arrangements to solve design and operational problems as they arise, especially during the early years of operation.

16. 4. The Chantramonklasri model 16

17. 17 Chantramonklasri (1990) who proposes a five phase model as follows: 1. Carrying out a pre-investment and feasibility study 2. On the basis of feasibility study developing engineering specifications and design. 3. Production based on the engineering specifications and designs that have been developed. 4. Commissioning and start-up including comprehensive of the workforce. 5. Commercial production commences.

18. QUANTITATIVE MODELS 18 Sharif and Haq (1980) proposed the concept of Potential Technological Distance (PTD) between a transferor and transferee and argues that when the PTD is either too great or too small between the transferor and transferee, the effectiveness of the transfer is low.

19. 19 Raz et al (1983) The model examines three phases of growth of a technology follower namely, the slow initial phase with high technological capability gap, the faster learning phase with the decreasing gap, and catch-up phase when the technological gap is very small or closed.

20. 20 Klein and Lim (1997) have studied the technology gap between the general machinery and electrical and electronic industries of Korea and Japan. This model suggests that technology transfer from leaders can play a critical role in upgrading the technological levels of follower firms.

21. By NIPER,Mohali..……NanoCrySP 21

22. CONCLUSION 22 A dedicated technology transfer organization is set up to facilitate and execute the process. Technology transfer can be considered successful if a receiving unit can routinely reproduce the transferred product, process or method against a predefined set of specifications is agreed with a sending unit and/or a development unit. Technology transfer is a complex issue and should be deal with using holistic approach.

23. REFERENCE 23 1.http://www.irjponline.com/admin/php/uploads/1163_pdf.pdf 2. https://www.asianpharmtech.com/articles/review-on-technology-transfer-as-aregulatory-aspect-with-inclusion-of-ichguidelines.pdf

24. THANK YOU 24