Tectonic Plate Boundaries.pptx Convergent, divergent, transform

Science 10

1. Quiz #1 The Earth’s crust is considered the thinnest layer. The average temperature of the Earth’s Inner Core is roughly 5000 to 6000°C The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the core. The Lithosphere is the hottest layer of the Earth. There are 10 Major Tectonic Plates on Earth. True or False

2. Quiz #1 Mohorovicic Discontinuity (Moho) is the boundary between the upper mantle and the crust. The continental crust is thinner as compared to the oceanic crust. The largest known planet in the Solar System is the Earth. The Pacific Ring of Fire is found in the Pacific Plate When continental crust collides with oceanic crust, volcanoes and trenches are formed. True or False

3. 11. Which layer of the Earth is the hottest and has the highest pressure? a) Inner core b) Outer core c) Mantle d) Crust 1 2. Where does the heat of the core come from? a) The Sun’s Radiation b) The Moon c) The radioactive decay of Plutonium d) The Radioactive decay of Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium. Scientific findings 4

4. 13. Which layer of the Earth is responsible for generating the Earth's magnetic field? a) Inner core b) Outer core c) Mantle d) Crust 1 4. Which layer of the Earth is the thickest? a) Inner core b) Outer core c) Mantle d) Crust 5

5. 15. Which layer of the Earth is composed of solid rock and is divided into tectonic plates? a) Inner core b) Outer core c) Mantle d) Crust 1 6. Which type of crust is denser? Continental Crust  Oceanic Crust Mantle Tectonic Crust Scientific findings 6

6. 17. Which layer of the Earth does the diamond formed? a) Inner core b) Outer core c) Mantle d) Crust 1 8. Which layer of the Earth is the thinnest? a) Inner core b) Outer core c) Mantle d) Crust Scientific findings 7

7. 19. The Lithosp here comes from the Greek words lithos and sphaira which means. a) Rock and Sphere b) Solid and Round c) Rock and Globe d) Rock and Earth 2 0. Which layer of the Earth is located between the crust and the core? a) Inner core b) Outer core c) Mantle d) Crust Scientific findings 8

8. 2 1. It is a precious material found in the mantle. 2 2. Basalt can be found in which type of Crust? 23. It protects the Earth from the harmful solar radiation. 24. It is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. 25. The deepest part of the Earth. Scientific findings 9

9. Quiz #1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Label it!

10. IVAN CHRISTIAN B. BANASTAO, LPT

11. PLATE BOUNDARIES TYPES AND DEFINITION

12. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of classroom discussion, the students are able to: Identify the different types of plate boundaries; Differentiate the formations that may be formed per plate boundaries; Use the PhET Simulation to demonstrate Plate Boundaries; Give importance to setting boundaries in real-life situations. 13

13. 15 Plate Motions

14. 16 Plate Motions The plates are moving due to a mechanism called Convection Currents.

15. 17 Convection Current Hot material rises while cooler material near the surface sinks.

16. 18 Hot material from deep within the Earth rises while cooler material near the surface sinks. Convection Current

17. 19 Convection Current

18. Plate Tectonics Theory This theory states that “The Earth’s lithosphere (plates) are moving in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle.” Plates move slowly in different directions which causes different geologic events like earthquakes, volcanoes, mountains, rift valleys, etc.

19. Plate Tectonics Theory Major and Minor Tectonic Plates

20. 23 Plate Boundaries

21. PLATE BOUNDARIES Plates do not have gaps with one another, and the fine line between them is a boundary. Plates comprise the crust and the upper mantle, and even though they move, there are no spaces between them. These extend deep into the lithosphere; thus, it has greater thickness. These are divided into three (3) types, namely: divergent, convergent, and transform

22. CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES In these boundaries, the type of crust should be considered since utilization of different crust creates different landforms. Convergent boundaries have three types: convergence between oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental. These plates are commonly known as “ colliding plates” wherein two tectonic plates toward each other.

23. 26 Oceanic and Continental Crust Oceanic Crust Very dense, made of basalt This is the crust found in the ocean floors Continental Less dense, made of granite This is the crust that composes the continents

24. CONVERGENT BOUNDARIES In these boundaries, the type of crust should be considered since utilization of different crust creates different landforms. Convergent boundaries have three types: convergence between oceanic-oceanic, oceanic-continental, and continental-continental. These plates are commonly known as “ colliding plates” wherein two tectonic plates toward each other.

25. DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES Most divergent boundaries are located at the oceanic ridges, although some are on land, Spreading of plates have a varying rates depending on the location, 1 to 3 cm/y in the Atlantic, and 6 to 10 cm/y in the Pacific These plates are spreading boundaries, where a new oceanic crust is created from magma.

26. TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES Most transform faults connect segments of mid-ocean ridges and are thus ocean-ocean plates. Some transform faults connect continental parts of plates. These plates occur when two plates slide pas each other, horizontally.

27. 30

28. 31 ACTIVITY TO PERFORM

29. 32 Convergent Plates Introduction These plates are commonly known as “ colliding plates” wherein two tectonic plates toward each other. In these boundaries, the type of crust should be considered since the utilization of different crusts creates different landforms.

30. 33 Oceanic-continental Ocean plate colliding with a less dense continental plate causing SUBDUCTION

31. 34 Oceanic-continental SUBDUCTION : The process by which ocean crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary. In this convergence, the ocean plate, which is denser as compared to the continental crust will go under it. Sediments that has accumulated in the continental slope is thrust up into an accretionary wedge, and compression leads to thrusting within the continental plate.

32. 35 Oceanic-continental Mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes occur as an ocean plate subducts under a continental plate. The oceanic plate melts; less dense magma rises to form volcanoes. Mt. Malinao Mt. Masaraga Mt. Mayon

33. 36 Mt. Malinao Mt. Masaraga Mt. Mayon Mt. Bulusan Mt. Isarog Mt Asog

34. 37 Oceanic-continental

35. 38 Oceanic-continental Ocean plate colliding with a less dense continental plate causing SUBDUCTION

36. 39 Oceanic-oceanic Ocean plate colliding with another ocean plate.

37. 40 Oceanic Oceanic-Oceanic One of the plates is pushed or subducted under the other. Often, it is the older and colder plate that is denser and subducts beneath the younger and hotter plate. The subduction zone is called a TRENCH. With this convergence, volcanic islands are formed.

38. Mariana’s Trench

39. 43 Continental-Continental A continental plate collides with another continental plate. COLLISION ZONES : A place where folded and thrust faulted mountains form.

40. Sierra Madre Mountain Ranges The mountain formation in this place is directly influenced by the convergent plate boundary. The convergence between the Eurasian plate and the Philippine Sea plate is the reason for those mountain formations in the area

41. Himalayan Mountain Ranges The Himalayas is the highest mountain range in the world and have 9 out of 10 of the world’s highest peaks, including Mount Everest (8848 meters). These mountains, referred to as the Third Pole, are the source of some of Asia’s major rivers and also help to regulate our planet’s climate.

42. DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES Most divergent boundaries are located at the oceanic ridges, although some are on land, Spreading of plates have a varying rates depending on the location, 1 to 3 cm/y in the Atlantic, and 6 to 10 cm/y in the Pacific These plates are spreading boundaries, where a new oceanic crust is created from magma.

43. 48 Divergent Boundaries In terms of divergent plate boundaries, it has two specific types depending on the crust being involved. We have the rift valley and mid-oceanic ridges.

44. 49 Rift Valley The continent starts to split apart, forming a rift valley and eventually a seaway and then an ocean. Volcanic activities and earthquakes occur in these areas.

45. 50 Rift Valley

46. 51 Rift Valley

47. 52 Mid-Oceanic Ridge New ocean floor, mountains, earthquakes, and volcanic action occur when an ocean plate spreads apart from each other.

48. 53 Mid-Oceanic Ridge

49. 54 Mid-Oceanic Ridge

50. TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES Most transform faults connect segments of mid-ocean ridges and are thus ocean-ocean plates. Some transform faults connect continental parts of plates. These plates occur when two plates slide pas each other, horizontally.

51. 56 West Valley Fault The West Valley Fault segment traverses from Doña Remedios Trinidad to Calamba with a length of 129.47 kilometers (80.45 mi). The West Fault is capable of producing large scale earthquakes on its active phases with a magnitude of 7 or higher.

52. 57

53. 58

54. 59

55. 60

56. Earth’s Origin 630 million years ago Acid rain comes down caused by the carbon dioxide from a massive number of volcanic eruptions. Temperatures dropped to -50 degrees Celsius due to lack of CO 2 Snowball Earth has the longest ice age ever. 15 years later, the ice begins to melt as volcanoes start to pump out tons of CO 2

57. Earth’s Origin 252 to 66 million years ago Supercontinent Pangaea is formed from pole to pole. Dinosaurs evolved from the reptiles that survived extinctions Earth’s crust is thinning Pangaea breaks up from tectonic plate movements The seafloor is scattered with dead fish and plankton

58. Scientific findings 63

59. 64 Tectonic Plates Plates are large, rigid slabs of solid rock. These are formed from the lithosphere: the crust and the upper mantle.

60. 65 Major Tectonic Plates

61. 66 Major Tectonic Plates Pacific Plate The Pacific major plate is the largest, which underlies the Pacific Ocean. Specifically, it stretches all the way along the west coast of North America to the east coast of Japan and Indonesia. This plate forms most of the Pacific Ring of Fire.

62. 67 Major Tectonic Plates Eurasian Plate The Eurasian major plate consists of most of Europe, Russia, and parts of Asia. This plate is sandwiched between the North American and African Plates on the north and west sides.

63. 68 Major Tectonic Plates African plate The African Plate contains the whole continent of Africa as well as the surrounding oceanic crust of the Atlantic Ocean. The west side of the African Major Plate diverges from the North American Plate, forming the mid-oceanic ridges.

64. 69 Major Tectonic Plates Antarctic plate The Antarctic plate holds the entire continents of Antarctica including its surrounding oceanic crust. This plate is surrounded parts of the African, Australian, Pacific, and South American plates.

65. 70 Major Tectonic Plates Indo-Australia Plate The Indo-Australia plate is a major plate combining the Australian and Indian plates. Australia, India, and Antarctica were once connected as the supercontinent Gondwana.

66. 71 Major Tectonic Plates South American Plate The South American Plate is a major plate that includes the continent of South America and a large portion of the ocean from, the Atlantic Ocean. On the west side of South America, it experiences devastating earthquakes due to CPB.

67. 72 Major Tectonic Plates Sizes of the major tectonic plates Major plate Continents and Oceans Size in area (km 2 ) Pacific Plate Pacific Ocean 102,900,000 North American Plate United States, Canada, Arctic Ocean, and the Atlantic Ocean 75,900,000 Eurasian Plate Europe, Russia, and Asia 67,800,000 African Plate Africa and Atlantic Ocean 61,300,000 Antarctic Plate Antarctica 60,900,000 Indo-Australia Plate Australia, India, Oceania, and the Indian ocean 58,900,000 South American Plate South America and Atlantic Ocean 43,600,000

68. 73 Major Tectonic Plates