Teenage pregnancy....

tender age of motherhood

1. Tender age of motherhood: Teenage pregnancy Smriti M.Sc B.Ed Special Educatiom

2. Content Introduction Risk factors Incidences Causes Diagnosis Effects of teen pregnancy Impact of teen pregnancy Effects of teenage marriage Prevention Agencies for lowering high pregnancy rates Conclusion References

3. Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 . Pregnancy can takes place in pubertal females . Known as adolescence pregnancy. introduction

4. Developed countries Often associated with social issues Lower educational levels Higher rates of poverty Developing countries May combine with malnutrition Poor health care Risk factors

5. Incidence Save the Children found that, annually, 13 million children are born to women under age 20 worldwide. 90% in developing countries. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of mortality among women between the ages of 15 and 19.

6. causes The lack of education on safe sex peer pressure drugs and alcohol unprotected intercourse. A sexually active teenager who does not use contraception has a 90% chance of becoming pregnant within one year. Potential behaviour patterns for a teenage girl becoming pregnant include: * early dating behaviour * high-risk behaviours * lack of a support group * Unhealthy environment at home * stress and depression * delinquency / criminal behaviour * exposure to domestic or sexual violence * and most important, financial constraints

7. Sexually active teenage girl who experiences irregular or absent periods or any of the symptoms is advised to undergo a pregnancy test. Pelvic examination by a gynecologists may reveal bluish or purple coloration of vaginal walls, and softening of the cervix, and enlargement of the uterus. Finally, an ultrasound may be done to confirm the presence and current status of the pregnancy diagnosis

8. Europe U.s.a . Africa India

9. effects of teen pregnancy health effects Higher risk for anemia, Pregnancy-induced hypertension Lower genital tract infections low birth weight babies Social effects Isolation guilt Stress depression, low self esteem resulting in lack of interest in studies limited job prospects and Lack of a support group or few friends to name just a few. 

10. IMPACT OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY ON THE CHILD psychosocial development developmental disabilities behavioral Poor academic performanc e ON THE MOTHER affect one's education drop out of high school Employment and social class.

11. EFFECTS OF TEEN AGE MARRIAGE In the non-pregnant state, there is quite a high possibility of getting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) chronic pelvic pain cervical cancer human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Many pregnant teens are subject to nutritional deficiencies from poor eating habits common in adolescence, including attempts to lose weight through dieting , skipping meals , food faddism , snacking , and consumption of fast food .

12. HEALTH EDUCATION SKILL BASED HEALTH EDUCATION LIFE SKILL EDUCATION FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION COUNSELLING FOR EMOTIONAL STRESS PREVENTION

13. AGENCIES FOR LOWERING HIGH PREGNANCY RATES National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy was formed. They are dedicated to solving the issue of teen pregnancy. Every year since 2002, this campaign celebrates the National Day to Prevent Teen Pregnancy on the first Wednesday of May.

14. This adolescent period is hazardous for adolescent health due to absence of proper guidance and counselling. Family has a crucial role in shaping the adolescents behavior. They have to ensure a safe, secure, and supportive environment for the adolescents. Family members in the community to be informed and educated about this problem. A positive and encouraging attitude has to be developed among the family members and parents. School teachers should be trained on adolescent health. Conclusion

15. References Hamilton, Brady e. and Ventura, Stephanie J. (April 10 2012).``birth rates for u.s teenagers reach historic lows for all age and ethnic group”. Centers for disease control and prevention. Mayor's. (2004).``pregnancy and childbirth are leading causes of death in teenage girls in developing countries”. BMJ (7449): 1152.doi: 10. 1136/bmj.7449.1152-a.PMC 411126. PMID 15142897 `` Teen pregnancy”(2004) in Encyclopedia of women’s health. Dawan, himanshi (28 November 2013)``teen pregnancy higher in India than even in UK, US” The economic times MacLeod, c. (1999).``The ‘causes’ of teenage pregnancy: Review of South African Research--part-2”. South African journal of Psychology29: 8-16. doi:10. 1177/0081246399902900102.

16. The national campaign to prevent Teen Pregnancy. (2001). What the polling data tells us: A Summary of past Surveys on Teen pregnancy.teeenpregnancy.org Allen, Collin.(may 22 ,2003).”Peer Pressure and Teen Sex .”psychology today. The National Campaign to prevent Teen Pregnancy.(2009). Do most tens who choose to raise the child get married when they find out they are pregnant? Beginning Too Soon: Adolescent Sexual Behaviour, Pregnancy And Parenthood, US Department of Health and Human services. American academy of pediatrics, Committee on Adolescence . Adolescent Pregnancy-currents trends and issues:1998.Pediatrics,1990; 103:516-520 … continued