TEMPERATURE ALTERATIONS/ALTERATIONS IN BODY TEMPERATURE.pptx

TEMPERATURE ALTERATIONS/ALTERATIONS IN BODY TEMPERATURE.

1. ALTERATIONS IN BODY TEMPERATURE PRESENTED BY: M.C. KNIRANDA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR SON, KU.

2. ALTERATIONS IN BODY TEMPERATURE Body temperature may be within the normal range for one’s age or it may be increased or decreased from the normal range. These changes can be related to excess heat production, excessive heat loss, minimal heat production, minimal heat loss or any combination of these alterations. A body temperature above the usual range is called fever.

3. HYPERTHERMIA Hyperthermia is an abnormally high body temperature due to failed thermoregulation when heat gain exceeds heat loss .

4. Causes : Prolonged exposure to high environmental temperatures Strenuous physical activity in hot/humid conditions Dehydration Certain medications (e.g., diuretics, anticholinergics ) Medical conditions affecting thermoregulation HYPERTHERMIA

5. Management : Move to a cool, shaded environment Remove excess clothing Oral or IV fluids for rehydration Monitor vital signs Seek medical attention if severe HYPERTHERMIA

6. Heat cramps Heat exhaustion Heat stroke TYPES OF HYPERTHERMIA

7. HEAT CRAMPS Definition: Painful , involuntary muscle contractions , usually in the legs, arms, or abdomen, due to loss of electrolytes through excessive sweating.

8. Causes : Heavy sweating in hot conditions Prolonged physical activity Inadequate fluid or electrolyte replacement HEAT CRAMPS

9. Signs & Symptoms : Muscle spasms, cramps (legs, arms, abdomen) Sweating Mild fatigue Thirst HEAT CRAMPS

10. Management : Stop physical activity and rest in a cool place Drink electrolyte-rich fluids (e.g., ORS, sports drinks) Gentle stretching and massage of affected muscles Monitor for progression to heat exhaustion or stroke HEAT CRAMPS

11. HEAT EXHAUSTION Definition : A moderate form of heat-related illness resulting from prolonged exposure to heat, leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalance.

12. Causes : Prolonged exposure to high temperatures Intense physical activity in heat Dehydration Inadequate salt intake HEAT EXHAUSTION

13. Signs & Symptoms : Profuse sweating Weakness, fatigue Dizziness or fainting HEAT EXHAUSTION Nausea or vomiting Headache Cool, moist skin Rapid pulse

14. Management : Move to a cool or shaded area Elevate legs if dizzy Loosen or remove tight clothing Oral or IV fluid replacement with electrolytes Monitor for progression to heat stroke HEAT EXHAUSTION

15. Definition : A life-threatening condition caused by failure of the body’s thermoregulatory mechanisms, resulting in very high body temperature (>40°C) and central nervous system dysfunction. HEAT STROKE

16. Causes : Prolonged exposure to high environmental temperatures Strenuous physical activity in hot/humid conditions Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance HEAT STROKE

17. No sweating

18. Management (Emergency ): Call emergency services immediately Move to a cool environment Remove excess clothing Rapid cooling: ice packs, cold water immersion, fanning IV fluids with electrolytes Monitor vital signs and neurological status HEAT STROKE

19. HYPOTHERMIA Definition : A dangerous drop in body temperature below 35°C due to prolonged exposure to cold.

20. Causes : Prolonged exposure to cold weather or water Wet clothing in cold conditions Inadequate clothing or shelter Medical conditions (e.g., hypothyroidism, diabetes, malnutrition) HYPOTHERMIA

21. SYMPTOMS OF HYPOTHERMIA

22. Management : Move to a warm, dry environment Remove wet clothing Cover with blankets and warm clothing Offer warm (not hot) fluids if conscious Use external warming methods (warm packs, heating pads) Seek immediate medical attention for severe hypothermia HYPOTHERMIA