TEMPERATURE for BSN 1st semester students.pptx

Temperature

1. TEMPERATURE

2. TEMPERATURE Body Temperature : It is the hotness or coldness of the body. Heat produced – Heat lost = Body temperature Types: There are two kinds of temperature.. 1. Core Temperature 2. Surface Temperature Insta ; husain.z.kmu

3. Temperature Purposes: To obtain a base line data for subsequent evaluation To determine changes in body temperature in response to specific therapies To monitor patient at risk for elevated temperature Equipment: Thermometer

4. TEMPERATURE Core Temperature: is the temperature of the deep tissues of the body. It remains constant and varies very little as + 1 F except when a person has a fever. We measure it with a thermometer. Surface Temperature: by contrast the temperature of the surface or skin, fluctuate (rises or fall) in response to the environment. Normal body temperature: is not an exact point on a scale but a range of temperatures. When measured orally for an adult, on an average it is between 36-38 C (96.8 – 100 F ). Insta ; husain.z.kmu

5. Normal range of body temperature (Adults) Insta ; husain.z.kmu

6. ALTERATION IN BODY TEMPERATURE Insta ; husain.z.kmu

7. ALTERATION IN BODY TEMPERATURE The normal range for adults is considered to be between 36°C and 37.5°C (96.8°F to 99.5°F). There are two primary alterations in body temperature: 1. Pyrexia or Hyperthermia 2. Hypothermia. Pyrexia A body temperature above the usual range is called pyrexia, hyperthermia, or (in lay terms) fever. A very high fever, such as 41°C (105.8°F), is called hyperpyrexia . Insta ; husain.z.kmu

8. Pyrexia Low Pyrexia: The fever does not rise more than 99 to 100 F Moderate Pyrexia: Body temperature remain between 100-103 degree F High Pyrexia: Body temperature remain between 103- 105 degree F Hyperpyrexia: Temperature above 105 degree F Insta ; husain.z.kmu

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10. Hypothermia Hypothermia is a core body temperature below the lower limit of normal i.e. 95 F or 35 C. The three physiological mechanisms of hypothermia are Excessive heat loss, (b) Inadequate heat production to counteract heat loss, (c) Impaired hypothalamic thermoregulation If skin and underlying tissues are damaged by freezing cold, this results in frostbite. Frostbite most commonly occurs in hands, feet, nose, and ears in which ice crystal forms inside the cell and damage it. Insta ; husain.z.kmu

11. Sites to Measure Temperature Oral Rectal Axillary Tympanic membrane Temporal artery Insta ; husain.z.kmu

12. Types Of Thermometer Insta ; husain.z.kmu

13. Thermometer Insta ; husain.z.kmu

14. Thermometer Two parts of thermometer-bulb and stem Blub is fragile part, containing mercury, sensitive to temperature. Stem is hollow tube in which mercury can rise. There are two scales, Fahrenheit and Celsius Mercury, a liquid metal, with silvery appearance is used in thermometers, because it is very sensitive to a small changes in temperature, expansion of mercury is uniform, easily visible. Insta ; husain.z.kmu

15. Temperature: Safety Precautions Hold rectal and axillary thermometers in place  Stay with resident when taking temperature  Prior to use, shake liquid in glass down  Shake thermometer away from resident and hard objects  Wipe from end to tip of thermometer prior to reading  Delay taking oral temperature for 10 - 15 minutes if resident has been smoking, eating or drinking hot/cold liquids. Insta ; husain.z.kmu

16. Conti… Oral – most common, most convenient Rectal – registers one degree Fahrenheit higher than oral, most accurate Axillary – least accurate; registers one degree Fahrenheit lower than oral Tympanic – probe inserted into the ear canal Insta ; husain.z.kmu