Temperature, Pulse, & Respiration CHART.pptx

TPR

1. TEMPERATURE, PULSE , RESPIRATION (TPR) EDGAR A. ULEP, RM, LPT, MSPH. College of Midwifery QSU Cabarroguis

2. TEMPERATURE The measurement of core body heat Heat is produced in the body by the muscles and glands Heat is lost from the body by respiration, perspiration and excretion

3. TEMPERATURE If the body temperature is within a normal range, it is afebrile. If the temperature is elevated, usually considered one degree over the patient’s norm, it is febrile Temperature below normal, is called hypothermia Temperature above normal is called pyrexia

4. FEVER FEVER is not an illness. Actually, it is an important part of the body’s defense against infection

5. ABNORMAL TEMPERATURES Fever – is greater than 37.5C High fever – anything over 39C Moderate Fever – 37.5C – 39C Hypothermia is subnormal temperature. This can be equally problematic for a person. Anything under 35C

6. ROUTES/SITE TO MEASURE TEMPERATURE ORAL – Mouth RECTAL – Rectum AXILLA – Armpit AURAL/TYMPANIC – Ear TEMPORAL - Forehead

7. TYPES OF THERMOMETERS DIGITAL ELECTRONIC – used fro oral, rectal and axilla THERMOSCAN-DIGITAL – used for tympanic & temporal MERCURY – used for oral, rectal and axilla

8. RULES TO FOLLOW Always hold the thermometer in place while measuring temperatures Red covering for rectal and blue for oral/axillary Always use lubricant with rectal temperatures Always remove clothing around axilla

9. PULSE The wave of blood created by the pumping, that travels along the arteries The pulse is caused by the pressure of the blood pushing against the wall of an artery as the heart contracts and relaxes It is the throbbing of an artery as the human heart beats The pulse rate is an important vital signs because it indicates how well the blood is circulating through the body When you check the pulse rate , you count the number of beats in 1 full minute called BEATS PER MINUTE (bpm)

10. FINDING A PULSE At points where the artery is between finger tips and a bony area Called pulse points Felt with 2-3 fingers, but never the thumb

11. HOW TO MEASURE? Measured in beats per minute Count the waves for 1 full minute

12. QUALITY OF PULSE RHYTHM – regular or irregular RATE – within the normal limits STRENGTH – strong, bounding, thready

13. NORMS Normal pulse rate 60-100bpm TACHYCARDIA – faster than 100bpm BRADYCARDIA – slower than 60bpm ARRHYTHMIA – irregular pulse rate

14. PULSE RATE Pulse rate generally increases with exercise, emotional excitement, hemorrhage, or elevated temperature Drugs can increase or decrease the heart rate

15. AFFECTING PULSE RATE AND QUALITY Fever Emotions Exercise Drugs Hypovolemia(blood loss) Age

16. RADIAL PULSE Is the most common site for counting the pulse rate Do not use your thumb to count a pulse because you have a pulse in your thums

17. APICAL PULSE Pulse is counted at the APEX (pointed end) of the heart Count the apical heartbeat by placing stethoscope

18. RESPIRATION The mechanical act of breathing in air (inspiration) and expelling air (expiration) from the body Is the process of taking oxygen into the body and expelling carbon dioxide from the body One inspiration (breathing in) and one expiration (breathing out) are considered as one respiration When you count a patient’s respiration, you do not want the patient to be aware of what you are doing. If the patient realizes that you are counting respiration, he or she may not breathe normally

19. RESPIRATION Measured in cycle per minute Normal range is 16-20cpm(Adult) / 40-40cpm(Infant) TACHYPNEA – above 20cpm BRADYPNEA – below 16cpm

20. RESPIRATION TERMS EUPNEA – normal breathing DYSPNEA – difficulty of breathing APNEA – absence of breathing HYPERPNEA – fast & deep breathing ORTHOPNEA – shortness of breath occurs while lying flat and is relieved by sitting or standing

21. TPR CHART a procedure of recording Temperature, Pulse and Respiration.

22. TPR Is a procedure to check temperature, pulse and respiration of a patient. It is also known as checking vital signs when we include checking of blood pressure in the procedure.

23. PREPARATION TPR tray should contain; thermometers Antiseptic solution Cotton Kidney basin Paper and TPR chart

24. PROCEDURES Explain the procedure to the patient or relative of the patient The patient should be in comfortable position preferably in lie down position Wash hands before starting the procedure Take out a thermometer and clean the thermometer from bulb to stem with cotton swab in circular motion Discard the swab in kidney tray Place the patient hand into her/his abdomen and count the radial pulse for one full minute While holding the radial pulse start counting respiratory rate in one (1) full minute After 2 minutes. Remove the thermometer and clean from stem to bulb Wash hands and record the temperature, pulse and respiration in patient’s TPR chart

25. EXERCISES

26. EXERCISE 1 A 24 years old was admitted in the hospital due to labor pain. Upon admission, assessment was done with BP- 110/80, PR- 88 bpm, RR- 21 cpm , and a body temperature of 36.7 °C at 01:58 am. At 6 am, vital signs were gathered with; BP-100/70, PR- 71bpm, RR-19 cpm , and a body temperature of 37.2 degree Celsius. 10 am, VS done with: BP-110/70 , PR- 79 bpm , RR-20 cpm , and a body temperature of 36.2 degree Celsius .

27. EXERCISE 1 2 pm , VS done with: BP-100/70 , PR- 87 bpm, RR-18 cpm , and a body temperature of 37 degree Celsius. 6 pm, VS were gathered and are as follows : BP-100/70, PR- 92 bpm, RR-21 cpm , and a body temperature of 37.8 degree Celsius. Paracetamol given. 10 pm, VS are: BP 110/70 mmHg, PR-82 bpm, RR-20 cpm and a body temperature of 37.2 degree Celsius. At 2 am, BP-100/70 , PR- 73 bpm, RR-18 cpm , and a body temperature of 36.4 degree Celsius.

28. THANK YOU