temporal and infratemporal fossa and it's content

Temporal & Infra-temporal Fossa and their content

1. Temporal & infratemporal fossae
by
Dr Melad Naim
Lecturer anatomy department
1temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

2. 2
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

3. 3
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

4. Isashallowfossasituatedonthe
sideofthehead.
Boundedbythetemporalline
superiorlyandthezygomaticarch
inferiorly.
Containsthetemporalismuscleand
fascia,superficialanddeep
temporalvessels,auriculotemporal
anddeeptemporalnerve.
4
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

5. 5temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

6. 6temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

7. Infratemporal
Fossa
7
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

8. 8
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

9. Infra-temporal fossa
Isadeepfossasituatedonthesideofthehead
betweenthepharynxandramusofthe
mandible.
Boundaries:
–Anteriorly:postsurfaceofthemaxilla
–Laterally:ramusofthemandible
–Medially: lateralpterygoid plate,
pterygomaxillaryfissureandwallofpharynx.
–Roof:infratemporalsurfaceofthegreater
wingofsphenoid
deeptozygomaticarch,thetemporaland
infratemporalfossaecommunicate
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer 9

10. Contents
Muscles:medialandlateral
pterygoids.
Arteries:maxillaryarteryand
branches.
Veins:maxillaryandpterygoid
plexusofveins.
Nerves:mandibular nerve,
maxillarynerve&chordatympani.
10
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

11. 11
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

12. Muscles of mastication
Therearefourmusclesofmastication:
1-Temporalis
2-Masseter
3-Medialpterygoid
4-Lateralpterygoid
12
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

13. Temporalismuscle
Origin:Flooroftemporalfossa
anddeepsurfaceoftemporal
fascia,inferiortemporalline.
Insertion:Coronoidprocessof
themandible.
Nervesupply:Deeptemporal
nerves(fromtheanterior
divisionofmandibularnerve).
Action:Elevation(anterior
fibers)andretractionofthe
mandible(posteriorfibers)
13
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

14. Massetermuscle:
Origin:Lowerborderandinnersurface
ofthezygomaticarch.
Insertion:Lateralaspectoftheramus
ofthemandible.
Nervesupply:anteriordivisionofthe
mandibularnerve.
Action:Elevationandprotractionofthe
mandible.
14
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

15. temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer 15

16. Lateral pterygoidmuscle:
Origin:
Upperhead:fromthe
infratemporalsurfaceofthe
greaterwingofsphenoid
bone.
Lowerhead:fromthe
lateralsurfaceofthelateral
pterygoidplate.
Insertion:1.anterioraspect
oftheneckofthe
mandible(pterygoidfovea).
2.capsuleandarticular
16
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

17. temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer 17

18. Nervesupply:anteriordivision
ofthemandibularnerve.
Action:
1.pullstheheadofmandibleand
articulardiscforwardduring
openingofthemouth(helpsin
depressionofmandible)
2.protractsthemandible.
3.sidetosidemovement
(chewing). (the four
pterygoids)
temporal fossaDr MeladNaim
lecturer 18

19. Medial pterygoidmuscle
Origin:
Superificialhead:fromthe
maxillarytuberosity.
Deephead:fromthemedial
surfaceofthelateralpterygoid
plate.
Insertion:medialsurfaceofthe
ramusofthemandibleabovethe
angleandbelowmylohyoid
19
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

20. temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer 20

21. Nervesupply:Maintrunkofthe
mandibularnerve.
Action:
1.elevationofmandible
2.protractionofthemandible
3.sidetosidemovement.Thefour
pterygoids
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer 21

22. Maxillary artery
Oneofthetwoterminalbranchesofthe
externalcarotidartery.
Itariseswithinthesubstancesofthe
parotidgland,behindtheneckofthe
mandible.
Courseandparts:
–1stpart:deeptotheneckofthe
mandible
–2ndpart:ontheoutersurfaceoflateral
pterygoid
–3rdpart:dipsbetweenthe2headsof
22
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

23. temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer 23

24. 24
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

25. Branches
From the first part: MIADA
1.Deep auricular
2.Anterior tympanic
3.Middle meningeal(artery of cerebral heamarge)
4.Accessory meningeal
5.Inferior alveolar.
From the second part (muscular branches):
1.Masseteric
2.Deep Temporal
3.Pterygoid
4.Buccal.
From the third part (terminal branches):
1.Greater palatine
2.Posterior superior alveolar
3.Naso-palatine
4.Infraorbital
5.Pharyngeal branch
6.Artery of pterygoidcanal 25
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

26. 26
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

27. temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer 27

28. Mandibularnerve
Thelargestdivisionofthetrigeminalnerve
mixed,formedofathicksensoryanda
smallmotorroot
Thetworootsleavethecranialcavity
throughtheforamenovale
Belowtheforamen,the2rootsuniteto
formthetrunkofthenerve
Thetrunkisveryshortanddividesintoan
anteriorandposteriordivisions
Theanteriordivisionismostlymotor
Theposteriordivisionismostlysensory
28
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

29. Branches
Fromthetrunk:1motor&1sensory.
1.Nervetomedialpterygoid(motor):
suppliesthemedialpterygoidmuscle
andgivesabranchwhichrunsthrough
theoticganglionwithoutrelayand
dividesinto2brancheswhichsupplythe
tensorpalatiandtensortympani
muscles.
2.Meningealbranch,Nervusspinosus
(sensory)Passesthroughtheforamen
spinosum
29
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

30. Branches
Fromtheanteriordivision:(3muscular
branches+onesensorybranch)
1.Twodeeptemporalnerves
2.Nervetomasseter
3.Nervetolateralpterygoid
4.Buccalnerve(sensory):suppliesskin
overthebuccinator,andmucosallining
ofbuccinator
30
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

31. Branches
Fromtheposteriordivision:(3sensory
+onemotor)
1.Auriculotemporal nerve:passes
backwardsdeeptotheneckofthe
mandibletoentertheparotidgland.
–Leavestheglandthroughtheupper
endandsuppliesthescalpoverthe
temporalareaandsupplytheauricle.
–Suppliessensoryfiberstotheparotid
and carries postganglionic
parasympatheticfibersfromtheotic
31
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

32. 32
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

33. 33
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

34. 34
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

35. 35
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

36. Branches
2.Lingualnerve:joinedbythechordatympani
anddescendsbetweentheramusofthe
mandibleandmedialpterygoidmuscle.
–Reachesthefloorofthemouthbypassing
onthemedialsideofthe3rdmolartooth.
(dangerousposition)
–Carriesgeneralsensationsfromtheanterior
2/3ofthetongue.
–Thechordatympanicarriestastesensations
fromtheanterior2/3ofthetongueand
preganglionicparasympatheticfiberstothe
submandibularandsublingualglands
36
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

37. Branches
3.Inferioralveolarnerve:runswiththeinferior
alveolarvessels(behindthelingualnerve)to
reachthemandibularforamen
–Beforethemandibularforamenitgivesthe
mylohyoidbranch(theonlymotorbranchof
theposteriordivision)
–Themylohyoidnervesuppliesthe
mylohyoidandanteriorbellyofdigastric
muscles
–Theinferioralveolarnervecontinues
throughthemandibularcanal.
–Itdividesintomentalandincisivebranches.
37
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

38. Oticganglion
Aparasympatheticganglionwhichliesjustbelowthe
foramenovale,onmedialsideofmandibularnerve.
Roots:
1.Parasympatheticroot:fromtheinferiorsalivary
nucleus,carriedbythelesserpetrosal
nerve…..nucleus---glossph---tympanic---lesser
2.Sympatheticroot:fromtheplexusaroundthemiddle
meningealartery
3.Sensoryroot:fromthemandibularnerve.
Branches:
1.Postganglionicparasympatheticfiberscarriedbythe
auriculotemporalnervetotheparotidgland
2.Sympatheticfiberstotheparotidvessels
3.sensoryfibers:totheparotidgland.
38
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

39. 39
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

40. Pterygoidplexus of veins
Aplexusofveinsaroundandwithinthe
lateralpterygoidmuscle.
Theplexuscollectsposteriorlytoform
themaxillaryvein.
Thepterygoidplexusreceivesveins
correspondingtothebranchesofthe
maxillaryartery.
Itcommunicateswith(1)thefacialvein
throughthedeepfacialvein,and(2)with
thecavernoussinusthroughtheforamen
ovaleand(3)withinferiorophthalmic
veinthroughtheinferiororbitalfissure.
40
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

41. 41
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

42. Maxillary vein
Themaxillaryvein:
–runsbackwardsdeeptotheneck
ofthemandible.
–passesthroughtheanteromedial
surfaceoftheparotidgland.
–joinsthesuperficialtemporalvein
toformtheretromandibularvein.
42
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

43. Maxillary nerve
Oneofthedivisionsofthetrigeminalnerve
Itisapuresensorynerve.passesinthelateral
wallofthecavernoussinus.
leavestheskullthroughforamenrotundumto
enterthepterygopalatinefossa.
Itcurveslaterallythroughthepterygomaxillary
fissuretoliedeepintheinfratemporalfossa.
Throughtheinferiororbitalfissure,itentersthe
flooroftheorbitandcontinuesasinfraorbital
nerve,whichrunsintheinfraorbitalgroove,
canalthenforamenandterminatesintheface.
43
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

44. 44
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

45. Branches
Frommaxillarynerve:
1.Meningealbranch:suppliestheduraofthe
middlecranialfossa.
2.Twoganglionicbranches:whichhangthe
sphenopalatineganglion,theycontainsensory
fiberscomingfromnose,palateandpharynx.
3.Zygomatic branch:arisesinthe
pterygopalatinefossaandenterstheorbit
throughtheinferiororbitalfissure.Itdivides
intozygomatico-temporalandzygomatico-
facialbranchesthatsupplyskinoftheface.
45
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

46. Branches
4.Posteriorsuperioralveolarnerve:
arisesinthepterygopalatinefossaand
piercestheposteriorsurfaceofthe
maxillatosupplythemaxillarysinus,the
uppermolarteethandadjoiningpartsof
thegumandcheek.
Frominfraorbitalnerve:
5.Middlesuperioralveolarnerve:arises
intheinfraorbitalgrooveanddescends
onthelateralwallofthemaxillarysinus
tosupplytheupperpremolarteethand
adjoiningpartsofthegumandcheek.
46
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

47. Branches
6.Anteriorsuperioralveolarnerve:
arisesintheinfraorbitalcanaland
descendsontheanteriorwallofthe
maxillarysinustosupplytheupper
canineandincisorteethand
adjoiningpartsofthegumanda
smallpartofthelateralwallandfloor
ofthenasalcavity
7.TerminalBranchesintheface:
afteritsexitthroughtheinfraorbital
foramenitdividesintopalpebral,
nasalandlabialbrancheswhich
47
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

48. 48temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer

49. 49
temporal fossa Dr Melad Naim
lecturer