Temporary Flame Photometer slide .Pdffff

Flamephotometer detail information

1. FLAMEPHOTOMETRE
PRESENTED BY:
INUGURUNG
KUSHMAGURUNG
( YSTC CMLT 3
RD
YEAR)

2. Introduction
 Flame photometry (more accurately
called Flame Atomic Emission
Spectrometry)is a branchof spectroscopy in
which the species examined in the
spectrometer are in the form of atoms.
 A photoelectric flame photometer is a
device used in inorganic chemical analysisto
determine the concentration of certain metal
ions, among them Sodium(Na),Potassium(K),
Calcium(Ca) and Lithium(Li).

3. History
 The flame photometer was developed in the1950s by Sir Alan D. W.
Anderson and his team .
 In the 1960s, it became commercially available, and its use
expanded in clinical, environmental, and agricultural testing.
 Although newer methods like ICP spectrometry have surpassed it in
sensitivity, the flame photometer is still valued for its simplicity and cost-
effectiveness.

4. Principle
The principle of a flame photometer is based on
the emission of light by metal ions when they are
heated in a flame.
When a sample containing metal ions is
introduced into the flame, the heat excites the
electrons of the metal ions to higher energy levels.
As these excited electrons return to their original
energy states, they release energy in the form of
light which is measured using photo detector.

7. Types of Flamephotometer
There are two main types of flame photometers:
1. Single-Element Flame Photometer
This type is designed to measure the concentration of one specific
metal ion at a time, such as sodium (Na) or potassium (K). It has a fixed
wavelength for detection.
2. Multi-Element Flame Photometer:
This type can measure the concentration of multiple metal ions
simultaneously. It is equipped with multiple filters or detectors to measure
different wavelengths corresponding to various metal ions.

8. 3. Single Beam Flame Photometer
This type uses a single light beam from the flame that passes through a mono
chromator and then a detector. It measures the intensity of light at specific
wavelengths corresponding to the metal ions being tested.
4. Double Beam Flame Photometer
It uses two beams of light: one passes through the flame while the other is used as a
reference to compensate for any fluctuations in the light source or other operational
parameters.
Each of these types can be tailored for specific applications
in laboratories, including agriculture, environmental monitoring, and
clinical chemistry.

9. Operation of Flamephotometre
The operation of a flame photometer involves several key steps:
Sample Introduction: The sample, typically in liquid form, is introduced into flame (usually
a propane or natural gas flame).
Atomization: The heat from the flame causes the sample to atomize, converting the metal
ions into free atoms.
Excitation and Emission: The heat excites the atoms, causing them to emit light at specific
wavelengths corresponding to the metal ions present.
Light Detection:The emitted light is directed through a filter that isolates the wavelength
specific to the element being measured.
Measurement: A photodetector measures the intensity of the emitted light, which is
proportional to the concentration of the metal ions in the sample.

10. Readout: The intensity is compared to a calibration curve to determine the
concentration of the element in the sample.
This process allows the flame photometer to quantify the concentration of
specific elements quickly and accurately.

11. Parts of Flamephotometre
Burner assembly
●Mercury burner
●Total consumption burner
●Laminar flow burner
Atomizer
Optical system
Filter / Monochromator
Photo detector
Galvanometer

12. Importance of flamephotometre
1.Measures metal ions (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium).
2.Simple, fast, and cost-effective.
3.Used in clinical, agricultural, and environmental testing
4.Provides rapid and reliable results.
5.Requires minimal training for basic use and interpretation.

13. Advantages of flamephotometre
1.Cost-Effective compared to other complex instruments.
2.Simple process and economical.
3.Fast Results with minimal sample preparation.
4.Simple Operation requiring less technical expertise.

14. Disadvantages of flamephotometre
1.It cannot detect the inert gases and halides such as Br.
2.Only liquid sample can be detected there is no chance of
detecting solid sample.
3.Though this method measures total metal contain present in the
sample, it doesn’t provide information about the molecular
structure of the metal present in the sample.

15. Application of flamephotometre
It used for determination of sodium, potassium, calcium and
magnesium in biological, serum, plasma urine.
Flame photometry is useful for the determination of alkali and
alkaline earth metals.

16. Maintainance flamephotometre
Regular Cleaning of the burner and sample chamber.
Check for Gas Leaks in connections
Frequent Calibration with standard solutions.
Replace Filters and Tubes periodically.
Inspect the Flame for proper adjustment.