TEN Mental Health Disorders 2021 common

TENCommonMentalHealthDisorders2021 -NEW.pdf

1. TEN(10)
COMMON MENTAL HEALTH
DISORDERS

2. TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED
Overview/Introduction
>Importance of Mental Health in the whole
society
>Mental Health Disorder/Illnesses and
general definition
>Common severe Mental Disorders/Illnesses
>Definitions, Symptoms, Diagnoses,
Known Causes, Treatments
>Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder(PD),
Bipolar Disorder(BD), Schizophrenia,

3. TOPICS TO BE DISCUSSED

>Depression Disorder, Schizoaffective
Disorder, Borderline Personality
Disorder(BPD),
<Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder(OCD),
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD),
Addiction disorder (AD)
>Importance of culturally competent
treatment
>Summary/Conclusion

4. OVERVIEW/INTRODUCTION












It’s strongly recommended to understand
common Mental health disorders/illnesses
to combat and overcome stigmas related
to mental health. Those types of diseases
discuss here affects how people think, feel,
and act on daily basis.

5. ANXIETY DISORDER
•Feeling of intense fear and distress which prevents one
from doing everyday things

6. ANXIETY DISORDER
Types of Anxiety Disorders
✔ Panic Disorder - characterized
by panic attacks or sudden
feeling of terror sometimes
striking repeatedly and without
warning.
✔ Phobias – caused by several
triggers.
✔ Generalized Anxiety Disorder –
produces chronic, exaggerated
worrying about everyday life.
Social Anxiety Disorder – intense
fear, often driven by irrational
worries about social humiliation

Causes
•Genetics
•Stress

Diagnosis
•Physical examination,
interview and lab
tests

Treatment
•Psychotherapy
•Medications
•Complementary
health approaches

7. PANIC DISORDER
People with panic disorder have sudden
and repeated attacks of fear that last
for several minutes, but sometimes
symptoms may last longer. This is called
PANIC ATTACKS.
●are characterized by a fear of certain disaster or a
fear of losing control.

SYMPTOMS
●Sudden and repeated attacks of fear.
●A feeling of being out of control during a panic attack.
●A feeling that things are not real.
●An intense worry about when the next attack will
happen.
●A fear of avoidance of places where panic attacks
have occurred in the past.
●Physical symptoms including: pounding heart, sweating,
weakness, faintness, or dizziness, feeling a hot flush or a
cold chill, tingly or numb hands, chest pain, feeling
nauseous or stomach pain.

8. PANIC DISORDER
Panic Disorder is the most
TREATABLE ANXIETY
DISORDERS.
WHEN DOES PANIC
DISORDER START?

Panic disorder often begins
in the late teens or early
childhood. More women than
men have panic disorder. But
not everyone who
experiences panic attacks
will develop panic disorder.
TREATMENT
1.MEDICATIONS
(Antidepressants,
anti-anxiety drugs,
and beta blockers.)

2.PSYCHOTHERAPY
(Talk Therapy)

9. BIPOLAR DISORDER
oIs a chronic mental illness that causes
dramatic shifts in a person’s mood,
energy and ability to think clearly.
oPeople with bipolar disorder have
high and low moods known as mania
and depression.
SYMPTOMS
1.MANIA (Hypomania)
2.DEPRESSION

CAUSES
1.Genetics
2.Stress
3.Bran Structure
DIAGNOSIS
•Bipolar I Disorder
•Bipolar II Disorder
•Cyclothymic Disorder or Cyclothymia
•Bipolar Disorder “other specified” and “unspecified”
TREATMENT
•Medications
•Psychotherapy
•Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
•Self management strategies and education
•Complementary health approaches

10. SCHIZOPHRENIA
•Is a serious mental illness
that interferes with a
person’s ability to think
clearly, manage emotions,
make decisions and relate
to others.
SYMPTOMS
•Hallucinations
•Delusions
•Disorganized thinking
•Anosognosia
•Emotionally flat
CAUSES
•Genetics
•Environment
•Brain Chemistry
•Drug Use

DIAGNOSIS
•Delusions
•Hallucinations
•Disorganized speech
•Disorganized or
Catatonic Behavior
•Negative symptoms
TREATMENT
•Antipsychotic
medications
•Psychotherapy
•Psychosocial Treatments

11. DEPRESSION DISORDER
•This is more than just a feeling sad or going through a
rough patch.
SYMPTOMS
•Changes in sleep
•Changes in appetite
•Lack of concentration
•Loss of energy
•Lack of interest
•Low self-esteem
•Hopelessness
•Changes in movement
•Physical aches and pain
CAUSES
•Trauma
•Genetics
•Life circumstances
•Brain structure
•Other medical conditions
•Drug and alcohol abuse

12. DEPRESSION DISORDER
TREATMENTS
•Medications
•Psychotherapy
•Brain stimulation
therapies
•Light therapy
•Exercise
•Alternative therapies
•Self-management
strategies and education
•Mind/body/spirit
approaches
DIAGNOSIS
•Loss of interest or loss of
pleasure in all activities
•Change in appetite or
weight
•Sleep disturbances
•Feeling agitated or feeling
slowed down
•Fatigue
•Feelings of low self-worth,
guilt or shortcomings
•Difficulty concentrating or
making decisions
•Suicidal thoughts or
intentions

13. SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER
•Is a chronic mental health
condition characterized
primarily by symptoms
of schizophrenia and
symptoms of mood
disorder.
SYMPTOMS
•Hallucinations
•Delusions
•Disorganized
thinking
•Depressed mood
•Manic behavior


CAUSES
•Genetics
•Brain chemistry and structure
•Stress
•Drug use
DIAGNOSIS
•For bipolar type, hallucinations
or delusions must be present for
at least 2 weeks without an
episode of depression or
mania
•A major depressive episode.
•Episodes of depression or
mania are present for the
majority of the time of the
illness.
•Social impairment that inhibits
functioning on a regular basis.
•Symptoms that cannot be
explained by drug use or other
medical condition.

14. TREATMENT FOR SCHIZOAFFECTIVE DISORDER
MEDICATIONS
•ANTIPSYCHOTICS to
relieve symptoms of
psychosis such as
delusions and
hallucinations.
•ANTIDEPRESSANTS to
alleviate feelings of
sadness, despair and
trouble concentrating.
•MOOD STABILIZERS to
help stabilize the highs
and lows.
PSYCHOTHERAPY
•COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL
THERAPY (CBT) helps
change the negative thinking
and behavior associated
with feelings of depression.
The goal is to recognize
negative thoughts and to
teach coping strategies.
•ELECTROCONVULSIVE
TREATMENT (ECT) involves
transmitting short electrical
impulses into brain.

15. BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER
•Is a condition characterized by
difficulties in regulating emotions.
This leads to severe mood swings,
impulsivity and instability, poor
self-image and stormy personal
relationship
DIAGNOSIS
•No single medical
test to diagnosis
BPD.
CAUSES
•Genetics
•Environmental
Factors
•Brain function
TREATMENT
•Medications
•Psychotherapy

SYMPTOMS
•Frantic efforts to avoid being
abandoned by friends and family.
•Unstable personal relationship that
alternate between idealization
and devaluation.
•Distorted and unstable self-image.
•Impulsive behaviors that can have
dangerous outcomes.
•Suicidal and self-harming
behavior.
•Periods of intense depressed
mood, irritability or anxiety lasting
a few hours to a few days.
•Chronic feelings of boredom.
•Inappropriateness, intense anger.
•Dissociative feeling.

16. OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
•Is characterized by repetitive,
unwanted, intrusive, thoughts
(obsessions) and irrational,
excessive urges to do certain
actions (compulsions)
SYMPTOMS
OBSESSIONS may include:
•Thoughts about harming someone
•Doubts about having done something
right
•Unpleasant sexual images
•Fears of saying or shouting
inappropriate things in public
COMPULSIONS may include:
•Handwashing due to fear of germs
•Counting and recounting money
•Checking to see if the door is locked
or the stove is off.
•Mental checking
CAUSES (UNKNOWN)
DIAGNOSIS
•Obsessions, compulsions or
both.
•Obsessions or compulsions that
are upsetting and cause
difficulty with work,
relationships, other parts of
life and typically last for at
least an hour each day.
TREATMENT
1.MEDICATION (Antidepressants)
2.PSYCHOTHERAPY
•Exposure and response therapy (ERT)
•Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

17. POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
SYMPTOMS
•Intrusive memories
•Avoidance
•Dissociation
•Hypervigilance
In children:
•Acting act scary events
during playtime
•Forgetting how/being
unable to talk
•Being excessively clingy
with adults.
•Extreme temper tantrums
as well as overly
aggressive behavior.
DIAGNOSIS
•Symptoms usually begin within 3
months after the traumatic
event.
•Often accompanied by
depression, substance abuse or
another anxiety disorder.
TREATMENT
1. MEDICATIONS antidepressants,
antipsychotics and mood stabilizers.
2. PSYCHOTHERAPY
•Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
•Eye movement desensitization and
reprocessing.
•Exposure therapy
Complementary and
Alternative Method
•Yoga
•Aquatherapy
•Acupuncture
•Mindfulness and
medication


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18. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION