terminacion de pozos Fishing Services_S.ppt

terminación de pozos

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III. Servicios de Pesca

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Objetivos
Al finalizar esta presentación usted será capaz de identificar y describir un
trabajo común de pesca

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Introducción
Los trabajos de pesca incluyen, aunque no limitados, lo siguiente:
1.Determinación del tipo de pega
2.Determinación del punto de atascamiento
3.Partición de la sarta de tubería
4.Captura y halado del pescado
5.Martilleo de un pescado atascado
6.Lavado sobre pescado
7.Pesca de una pieza suelta
8.Moliendo un pescado
9.Pesca E-Line (Wireline)
10.Pesca en pozos con alto grado de inclinación

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
1.Determinación del tipo de pega - 10 tipos básicos
1.Pega en hoyo entubado
1.Atascamiento por arena
2.Atascamiento por lodo
3.Atascamiento mecánico (4 tipos)
2.Pega a hoyo desnudo
1.“Keyseating”
2.Atascamiento por Cemento
3.Atascamiento por hoyo sub-calibre
4.Pega Diferencial
5.Atascamiento por Reventón
6.Atascamiento por perdida de circulación
7.Atascamiento por peladura del hoyo

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
Tipo: Atascamiento por arena
Causa:
–Arena del anular entrando por un
hoyo en el revestimiento o la
tubería.
–Empacadura mal asegurada
Tubería
Arena
Empaca-
dura
Revest.
Hueco
en la
Tuberia
1. Determining the type of sticking

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
Tipo: Atascamiento por lodo
–Más común en hoyo desnudo
Causa: Lodo compuesto de barita y
sólidos que decantan (deshidratación)
en el anular, ocasionando el
atascamiento de la tubería.
Tubería
Lodo
Empaca
dura
Revest
1. Determining the type of sticking

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
Tipo: Atascamiento mecánico –
Empacadura u otros accesorios e
fondo de pozo atascados
–Empacaduras permanentes
–Empacaduras Recuperables
Causa: Falla de los mecanismos en la
empacadura o ensamblaje de
herramienta.
1. Determining the type of sticking
Empacadura
Atascada

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
Tipo: Atascamiento Mecánico –
Sartas Múltiples entre torcidas
Causa: Empacadura o anclaje que no
puede liberarse ocasionando que la
sartas múltiples se enrollen entre si.
Empac.
Tuberías
1. Determining the type of sticking
Revest.

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
Tipo: Atascamiento Mecánico – Tubería
pandeada
Causa: Tubería pandeada que no puede
ser liberada y que impide la transmisión
de torque por debajo del atascamiento.
Es típicamente ocasionado por:
–Chatarra o escoria alrededor de la
tubería
–Tubo o tubería que se ha caído
–Peso actuando sobre una sarta de
tubería atascada
–Limpieza inadecuada de hoyo durante
las operaciones de fresado
Tubería
Tubo
Pandeado
Revest
1. Determinando el tipo de atascamiento

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
Tipo: Atascamiento mecánico –
Chatarra suelta en el hoyo
Causa: chatarra, tales como conos,
herramientas y cadenas perdidas que
causan la pega de la tubería.
1. Determinando el tipo de atascamiento
Chata
rra

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
Tipo: Pega por “Keyseat”
–Probablemente ocurre cuando el
hoyo se desvía de su verticalidad
–La ranura de desgaste es menor
que el hoyo del pozo o que el
diámetro mayor (i.e. cuello de
perforación) atasca la tubería
Causa: Cuando la tubería de
perforación estando bajo tensión
desgasta un canal (“keyseat”) en la
pared del pozo durante las
operaciones de perforación.
Tubería
desenroscada
Drillpipe
Area de Key seat
Cuello
atascadoHoyo del
pozo
Top view
1. Determinando el tipo de atascamiento

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
Tipo: Atascamiento por cemento
Causa:
–Desplazamiento mal calculado
–Sobre-lavado del hoyo
–Malfuncionamiento mecánico de la
bomba
–Fuga en la sarta de tubería
1. Determinando el tipo de Atascamiento
Revest
Cemento
Tubería

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
Tipo: Pega Diferencial
–Ocurre en hoyo desnudo
–Intensificada con el incremento del
espesor del revoque
Causa:
–Presión de la columna de lodo mayor
que la presión de los fluidos de la
formación en tramos de inmersión.
High pressure
formation
High pressure
formation
Low pressure
formation
Drilling
Fluid
Formation
Drill Pipe
1. Determinando el tipo de atascamiento
Sarta
perforacion
Revestim
formación
Permeable
Punto de
Succión

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Trabajos Comunes de Pesca
Type: Undergauged-hole sticking
Cause:
–Packing of shale around tool joint
–Dulling of previous drill.
(undergauged) bit and tripping back
in with new (full-gauged) bit.
–Plastic nature of salt – flowing into
wellbore.
Drillpipe
Wellbore
Sand or
shale
packed
around
tool joint
1. Determining the type of sticking

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Common Fishing Jobs
Type: Blowout Sticking
–Formation pressure exceeding
hydrostatic pressure of well fluid,
causing well debris to be blown up
the hole.
Cause:
–Insufficient drilling mud weight
–Failure to keep hold full of fluid
–Pulling pipe from well too quickly
–Gas or water from formation cutting
mud weight
1. Determining the type of sticking
Wellbore
Drillpipe
Bridges

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Type: Lost-circulation Sticking
–One of the most frequent sticking
problems in drilling operations.
Cause: Fracture of drilling fluid into
unconsolidated or highly permeable
formations, which can cause washouts or
surface cavities.
1. Determining the type of sticking
Drillpipe
Hole fill-in
from
formation
above
Drill bit
Casing

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Common Fishing Jobs
Type: Sloughing-hole sticking
Cause: Sloughing (shedding) or
swelling formations
Drillpipe
Drill
Collars
Hole fill-in
from
formation
above
1. Determining the type of sticking

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Common Fishing Jobs
2. Determining stuck point
Determining the depth at which sticking occurred
Methods to determine stuck point:
–Using the free point indicator
–Measure tubing, drill pipe, and casing stretch
Use stretch formula, stretch tables, and stretch graphs
–Calculate length of free pipe (the distance to the top of stuck
pipe)
Free Point Indicator

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Common Fishing Jobs
3. Parting the pipe string
Parting the string so that fishing tools (jarring string or washpipe string) may
be run
Acceptable methods:
–Back-off – Applying left-hand torque while firing prima cord
–Chemical cut – Using chemical reactant to burn a series of holes to weaken
pipe so it pull apart easily.
–Jet cut – Using explosive instead of chemical to cut pipe
Often used when abandoning a well, during salvage operations, or when low fluid,
heavy mud, or cost would preclude use of chemical cutter
–Mechanical cut – Use of outside (external) or inside (internal) mechanical cutter
to cut pipe.

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Common Fishing Jobs
4. Catching and pulling the fish or parted pipe
Screwing back in the fish - Preferred method
Catching the fish – If screw in does not work
–Overshots – to externally engage, pack off , and pull a fish
–Spears – to catch the inside of a pipe
Used only when an overshot is not suitable
5. Jarring a stuck fish
Use of impact tools to jar (strike heavy blows) upward or downward upon a
stuck fish.
Use of jarring string components

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Common Fishing Jobs
6. Washing over a fish
Use of washover pipe (washpipe) to wash, fill formation or other debris from
around drilling assembly that are causing the sticking.
Composed of
–Jarring assembly
–Top bushing or safety joint
–Desired number of pipe joints
–Rotary shoe at the bottom suitable for material to be cut

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7. Fishing loose junk
First step is to determine type of junk left in hole
–Left in the hole on a trip or dropped accidentally?
–If type and configuration of fish is not known, use lead-impression block
–If fish is known, use appropriate tool
Junk mills
Magnets
Junk baskets
Hydrostatic bailers
8. Milling a fish
Use of mill (with boot baskets and junk baskets) to cut and remove stuck fish
or junk

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Common Fishing Jobs
9. E-Line (Wireline) fishing
Wireline fishing is one of the most challenging of fishing jobs
Need to determine if wireline is parted or still intact
Methods
–Cable-guide
–Side-door overshot
–Rope spears
–Cut the line
–Electric submersible pumps

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Common Fishing Jobs
10. Fishing in high-angle wells
Requires proper approach
May still use jars, overshots, magnets, and junk magnets
Common considerations
–Broken or twisted-off pipe can fall under a ledge or a dogleg
–Hole drag in horizontal or highly deviated wells inhibits good jarring action
–Adding weight to string for milling operations can be a problem
–It is difficult to get required torque down and around deviations when attempting
to back-off the pipe

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Related Services – Casing Repair
Types of casing failures
–Collapsed casing (pictured)
–Parted casing
–Split in casing or tubing
–Corrosion
Cause:
–Formation shifting
–Lack of corrosion inhibitors
–Age of casing
–Overburden or over-pressuring the casing
Drill
Collars
Drill Pipe
Collapsed
Casing

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Summary
Common fishing jobs include
–Determining the type of sticking – cased and open hole sticking (many types)
–Determining stuck point – where is the fish stuck?
–Parting the pipe string – so that fishing tools may be run
–Catching and pulling the fish – to retrieve the freed fish or parted pipe
–Jarring a stuck fish – impacting to free a stuck fish
–Washing over a fish – circulate fluid to wash off debris that could stick a fish
–Fishing loose junk – after fish is known use tools, like magnets, mills, boot
baskets or junk catchers/baskets
–Milling a fish – using a mill or cutter to mill or cut stuck fish or junk
–E-Line (Wireline) fishing – to fish wireline cable from a well
–Fishing in high-angle wells – uses similar tools with a different approach

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Summary (cont.)
There are 10 general types of sticking
–Cased Hole Sticking
Sand sticking
Mud sticking
Mechanical sticking – stuck packer, wrapped tubing, crooked pipe, junk in hole
–Open Hole Sticking
Keyseating
Cement sticking
Under-gauge hole sticking
Differential sticking
Blowout sticking
Lost-circulation sticking
Sloughing-hole sticking
Related fishing services include repairing casing failures and leaks

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Review
Prepare for review activity.