terminology in anatomy for UG 1st Year.pptx

terminology in anatomy

1. ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

2. Scientists of health care profession use special terms for common language referring to body structure & function. Helps to communicate clearly & precisely. Ex: wrist is above the fingers ?

3. Body positions ANATOMICAL POSITION: Standing erect/upright wt the upper limbs hanging by the sides & palms of hands directed forwards. The feet are flat on the floor & directed forward.

4. Terms for reclining body Supine position- Body is lying face up Prone position- Body is lying face down

5. Head - a ) skull -enclose brain b)Face - front portion of head includes eyes, nose, mouth etc Neck Trunk a) Chest/thorax b)Abdomen/belly i ) abdomen proper ii) Pelvis. 4. Limbs a) Upper b) lower

6. TERMINOLOGY Superior/Cephalic/Cranial: Towards the head or upper part of that structure. Ex: Heart is superior to liver Inferior/Caudal: Nearer the feet or lower part of the structure. Ex: Stomach lies inferior to lungs

7. Anterior/ Ventral: Nearer to the front of the body Ex: Ribs are antr to lungs Posterior/Dorsal: Nearer to the back Ex: Esophagus is postr to trachea

8. In hand: Dorsal replaces postr & Palmar replaces antr . In foot: Superior=Dorsal Inferior= Plantar

9. Median = middle Medial: Nearer to the midline or median plane Ex: Ulna is medial to radius Lateral: Further away from midline or median plane Ex: Radius is lateral to ulna

10. Intermediate: Between two structures Ex: Heart is intermediate to lungs Ipsilateral: on the same side of the body as another structure. Ex: liver & Rt. Kidney

11. Contalateral : on the opposite side of the body from another structure. Ex: Liver & spleen 11. Proximal: Nearer to the attachment of the limb to the trunk or nearer to the origination of structure. Ex: humerus is proximal to radius

12. Distal: Further from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or away from origination of structure. Ex: radius is distal to humerus . 13. Superficial: towards or on the surface of the body. Ex: Ribs are superficial to lungs

13. 14. Deep: Away from surface of the body Ex: ribs are deep to the skin of chest & back

14. PLANES OF BODY Median plane: imaginary plane that divides the body into two apparently equal halves i.e. Right & Left. Saggital plane: may pass through any part of the body parallel to the median plane. Coronal plane: a vertical plane at right angles to the median plane, divides into ventral & dorsal part. Transverse plane: divide the body into superior & inferior part

15. Terms of movement All the movements take place at joints & may occur in any planes but usually described in the sagittal & coronal planes. Movements of trunk in sagittal plane are Flexion & Extension

16. Flexion: which carries the limbs anteriorly & folds. Bending of a joint so that poles forming it brought towards each other Decreases the angle of the joint Brings two bones closer together

17. Extension: movement which carries it posteriorly . The movement by which the two ends of any jointed part are drawn away from each other. Opposite of flexion Increases angle between two bones

18. Movements of trunk in coronal plane are known as Lateral flexion while in the limb they are called abduction & adduction Abduction: movement away from the median plane. Adduction: movement towards the median plane

19. Circumduction : combines successive flexion, abduction, extension & adduction Ex: shoulder & hip joint. Rotation: term applied to the movement in which a part of body is turned around its own longitudinal axis Lateral & medial rotation – refers to the direction of movements of antr surface A special type of movements occurs in hand Pronation – palm faces posteriorly Supination - opposite movement – return hand to anatomical position