Terrestrial &; Jovian Planets

Astronomy: Terrestrial and Jovian Planets

1. TERRESTRIAL SOLAR SYSTEM PLANETS OF OUR JOVIAN & 03 Prepared By: JOHN REY D. RAVAGO

2. Terrestrial Planets Made of rocky materials Surfaces are solid Don't have rings Very few moons Relatively small Mercury Venus Earth Mars

3. Mercury The smallest planet in our solar system and nearest to the Sun, Mercury is only slightly larger than Earth's Moon. Mercury is not the hottest planet in our solar system, thanks to its dense atmosphere.

4. Venus Venus spins slowly in the opposite direction most planets do. Its thick atmosphere traps heat in a runaway greenhouse effect, making it the hottest planet in our solar system—with surface temperatures hot enough to melt lead. Glimpses below the clouds reveal volcanoes and deformed mountains.

5. Earth Our home planet is the third planet from the Sun, and the only place we know of so far that’s inhabited by living things. Earth is the biggest of the four planets closest to the Sun, all of which are made of rock and metal.

6. Mars The fourth planet from the Sun, Mars is a dusty, cold, desert world with a very thin atmosphere. Mars is one of the most explored bodies in our solar system, and it's the only planet where we've sent rovers to roam the alien landscape.

7. Jovial Planets Gas giants - predominantly made of Helium and Hydrogen Ice giants - contain rock, ice and mixture of water, methane and ammonia Multiple moons No solid surface Support ring system Immense in size Gas giants - Jupiter - Saturn Ice giants - Uranus - Neptune

8. Jupiter Fifth in line from the Sun, Jupiter is, by far, the largest planet in the solar system – more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined. Jupiter's familiar stripes and swirls are actually cold, windy clouds of ammonia and water, floating in an atmosphere of hydrogen and helium. Jupiter’s iconic Great Red Spot is a giant storm bigger than Earth that has raged for hundreds of years.

9. Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in our solar system. Adorned with thousands of beautiful ringlets, Saturn is unique among the planets. It is not the only planet to have rings—made of chunks of ice and rock—but none are as spectacular or as complicated as Saturn's.

10. Uranus Seventh planet from the sun, rotates at a nearly 90 degree angle from the plane of its orbit. Uranus was discovered in 1781 by astronomer William Herschel, although he originally thought it was either a comet or a star.

11. Neptune Eighth planet and the most distant major planet orbiting the sun. Dark, cold and whipped by supersonic winds, ice giant Neptune is the eighth and most distant planet in our solar system.

12. Kuiper Belt A donut-shaped region of icy bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. Similar to the asteroid belt, the Kuiper Belt is a region of leftovers from the solar system's early history. Like asteroid belt, it has also been shaped by a giant planet, although it's more of a thick disk (like a donut) than a thin belt.

13. Oort Cloud The Oort Cloud is the most distant region of our solar system. Oort Cloud is believed to be a giant spherical shell surrounding the rest of the solar system. It is like a big, thick-walled bubble made of icy pieces of space debris the sizes of mountains and sometimes larger. Might contain billions, or even trillions, of objects.

14. INTERPLANETARY SOLAR SYSTEM OF OUR DEBRIS 04

15. Interplanetary Debris Interplanetary debris is leftover stuff from remnants of planets. It is the minor members of the solar system. There are three types of interplanetary debris; Asteroids; Comets; and Meteoroids.

16. Asteriod An asteroid is a small, rocky body whose diameter can range from less than a kilometer to a few hundred kilometers. Most asteroids lie between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter (the Asteroid Belt). They have orbital periods of three to six years. Some have “eccentric” orbits and pass close to the sun; a few larger ones regularly pass close to Earth

17. Asteriod T ypes of Asteriods: Carbonaceous (C-Type) - are rough stony. Silicaceous (S-Type) - are bright shiny. Metallic (M-Type) – have metal cores KIRKWOOD GAPS - regions of lower incidence of asteroids in the main belt-associated with resonances with Jupiter’s orbital period. -analogous to Saturn’s Cassini division.

18. Irregular Orbits of Asteriods

19. Asteriod Families : - Earth-crossers - Apollo and Aten groups - intersect with - Earth’s orbit- source of major impacts on Earth in the past - Mars-crossers- Amor group e.g. Eros - the NEAR space mission en route - will orbit Eros in 1999-2000 - Trojans - in stable Lagrange points 60 degrees ahead of and behind Jupiter a few outer solar system asteroids beyond Jupiter-e.g. Chiron

20. Asteriod Small rocky bodies; irregular shape Lie between orbits of Mars & Jupiter ( asteroid belt) Orbital period of 3-6 years - Some asteroids have very eccentric orbits & travel close to the Sun . - Others (larger) regularly pass close to Earth & Moon Largest asteroid: Ceres—1,000 km diameter

21. Comets Comets are small bodies made of rocky and metallic pieces held together by frozen gases. Many comets revolve around the sun in elongated orbits that take them far beyond Pluto A single orbit can take hundreds of thousands of years. A few have orbital periods of less than 200 years.

22. Comets Rocky, metallic material held together by frozen gases (water, ammonia , methane, CO 2 , and CO) Elongated orbits (far beyond Pluto) Orbital period of most  hundreds of thousands of years Some less than 200 years and encounter inner solar system

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27. Meteoriods Meteor Crater (Winslow , Arizona) 50,000 years ago Originated from asteroid belt 26,000 mph prior to impact; 150 ft across Crater is roughly 1 mile wide 2.4 mile circumference 550 feet deep

28. Meteoriods Annual Meteor Showers - Earth passing through streams of meteoroids on parallel orbits e.g. Perseid meteor shower on Aug . 12. Meteorites are the most ancient rocks - 4.2-4.6 billion years from radioactive dating. Various compositions describing the composition of the primordial solar nebula from which the solar system formed - stony, nickel-iron, carbonaceous.

29. Meteoriods Most meteoroids originate from any one of the following 3 sources: 1.) Interplanetary debris that was not gravitationally swept up by the planets during the formation of the solar system , 2.) Material from the asteroid belt, or 3.) The solid remains of comets that once traveled near Earth’s orbit.

30. Meteoriods