Terrorism

terrorism

1. TERRORISM

2. Introduction Terrorism is a term that is seen in the news very regularly. It is a broad term and encompasses a wide variety of events and concepts. Terrorism affects the world deeply and India, particularly, has been a victim of various terror acts perpetrated by different groups.  Terrorism comes from the Latin terrere, which means “frighten” or “tremble.” When coupled with the French suffix isme (referencing “to practice”) it becomes akin to “practicing the trembling” or “causing the frightening.

3. Definition Terrorism is not an ideology like communism or capitalism. Rather, terrorism is a tactic – a strategy used to achieve a specific end. Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims. Walter Laqueur: - “Terrorism is the use or the threat of the use of violence, a method of combat, or a strategy to achieve certain targets… it aims to induce a state of fear in the victim, that is ruthless and does not conform with humanitarian rules… Publicity is an essential factor in the terrorist strategy” U.S. Department of Defense : terrorism refers to “the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.”

4. Types of Terrorism Civil Disorder -  A form of collective violence interfering with the peace, security, and normal functioning of the community. Political Terrorism -  Violent criminal behavior designed primarily to generate fear in the community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes. Non-Political Terrorism - Terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but which exhibits conscious design to create and maintain a high degree of fear for coercive purposes, but the end is individual or collective gain rather than the achievement of a political objective.

5. Quasi Terrorism - The activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that are similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which nevertheless lack its essential ingredient. It is not the main purpose of the quasi- terrorists to induce Terror in the immediate victim as in the case of genuine terrorism, but the quasi-terrorist uses the Modalities and techniques of the genuine terrorist and Produces similar consequences and reaction. For example, the fleeing felon who takes hostages is a quasi-terrorist, w hose methods are similar to those of the genuine terrorist but whose purposes are quite different. Limited Political Terrorism -  Genuine political terrorism is characterized by a revolutionary approach; limited political terrorism refers to “acts of terrorism which are committed for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the state.

6. State Terrorism - referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions.” It may also be referred to as Structural Terrorism defined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by governments in pursuit of political objectives, often as part of their foreign policy.

7. Causes of Terrorism Social and political injustice - People choose terrorism when they are trying to right what they perceive to be a social or political or historical wrong—when they have been stripped of their land or rights, or denied these. For instant, the Irish Republican Army (IRA) bombed English target in the 1980s to make the point that they felt their land was colonized by British imperialists.  The belief that violence or its threat will be effective - Another way of saying this is: the belief that violent means justify the ends. Many terrorists in history said sincerely that they choose violence after long deliberation, because they felt they had no choice.

8. Religious - perhaps the most commonly held belief today is that terrorism is caused by religion. Though it is not the main cause for terrorism, religion does play a significant role in driving some forms of it. Many terrorist get wrong understanding in religion. Since 1980, there has been an increase in terrorist activity motivated by religion. Illiteracy - Lack of education amongst the people has been put forward as a prime reason of terrorism. Uneducated person are easy to be persuaded to commit the crime because they have no high ability of thinking. Many terrorists believe crazy things; they're more likely to do crazy things. Injustice - Injustice is a cause of terrorism. People get offended and hurt by the justice system that they choose to resort to acts of violence in order to protest the on- going injustice. There is no cure to fixing the justice system to ensure that everyone is happy, but injustice is a cause of terrorism.

9. Goal of Terrorism ▰ Produce widespread fear. ▰ Obtain worldwide, national or local recognition. ▰ Harass, weaken or embarrass security forces. ▰ Steal or extort money and equipment. ▰ Destroy facilities or disrupt lines of communication. ▰ Discourage foreign investments, tourism or assistance programs. ▰ Influence government decisions, legislation or other critical decisions ▰ Free prisoners. ▰ Satisfy vengeance

10. Impact of Terrorism Economic impact -  we can see that every terrorism event always killed the innocent people, destroyed public properties, and individual properties. The large amount of money has been used to repair the loss of infrastructures. The investigators are afraid to do the business because they worry about safety. Government spending on security has also increased. Society impact -  Terrorism poses a serious law and order problem and leads to disintegration of society. The incident of murder, torture, mutilation, kidnapping, arson and extortion create atmosphere of suspicion, fear and panic all around. Life becomes uncertain. The terrorists kill unarmed civilians including women and children.

11. Politic impact -  In general, terrorism makes world politics more complicated and difficult. This is because terrorism can cause very important problems even though terrorist groups are not clearly linked to states. The presence of non-state actors who can have a real impact on the world makes world politics more difficult.

12. Solutions Education - E ducation is a primary solution to terrorism. The government should educate the people to understand the differences in culture, religion, belief, and human behaviors. All people should think of the peace, freedom and equality of all human beings, not just “their group of people Eliminate the root of terrorism - The way this world is attacking terrorism is funny. Every country is doing something to kill terrorism, but they still cannot eliminate all terrorist. They can kill some terrorists today, but they cannot kill the other terrorist tomorrow or after tomorrow. They should try to find the root of terrorism, and they have to eliminate it. Black money is the main root cause of terrorism because terrorists can do nothing without money, so the government should find who support the terrorist.

13. Understand about terrorists - the solution is to find out the problem why a terrorist doesn't feel guilty and why he was forced to be a terrorist. It may be some injustice done to him. Hatred spreads hatred only. It may be conquered by love only.

14. Conclusion It is really difficult to fight terrorism. Motive of terrorists is always different and hard to understand. One must first of all deal with the roots of terrorism. Terrorism is the one of the most important threats that we will face in this modern world.

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