Terrorism | Types of Terrorism | Impacts of terrorism

In this Microsoft word file you can have a complete file of what is terrorism what are its various types and what are its impacts and also can have recommendations off how to control it and in last there are also a brief conclusion about the complete document

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An Assignment on the Topic
Terrorism
Submitted to:
Miss XYZ
Submitted By:
Your Name
Roll Number:
00000
Program & Semester:
BS English 1st Semester

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INTRODUCTION :
This topic is related to the current issue terror. We all know about war and terror going in our
country as well as whole world. We listen daily in news and from our friend or colleagues
about murders and bomb blasts. These are now a part of our daily routine. We don’t think
about it that why this is happening and how much it is affecting our country. In this topic I
and my team members will tell you that how much our country is paying to terror in sense of
money, human life, GDP and etc.
There is no commonly accepted definition of "terrorism". Being a charged term, with the
connotation of something "morally wrong", it is often used, both by governments and non-
state groups, to abuse or denounce opposing groups. Broad categories of political
organizations have been claimed to have been involved in terrorism to further their
objectives, including right-wing and left-wing political organizations, nationalist
groups, religious groups, revolutionaries and ruling governments. Terrorism-related
legislation has been adopted in various states, regarding "terrorism" as a crime. There is no
universal agreement as to whether or not "terrorism", in some definition, should be regarded
as a war crime.
According to the Global Terrorism Database maintained by the University of Maryland,
College Park, more than 61,000 incidents of non-state terrorism, resulting in at least 140,000
deaths, have been recorded from 2000 to 2014.
Etymologically, the word terror is derived from the Latin verb Tersere, which later
becomes Terrere. The latter form appears in European languages as early as the 12th century;
its first known use in French is the word terrible in 1160. By 1356 the word terreur is in
use. Terreur is the origin of the Middle English term terrour, which later becomes the modern
word "terror".

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TYPES OF TERRORISM:
Terrorism can be divided into two major types. Those types are:
 Regional Terrorism
 Religious terrorism
Regional Terrorism:
Regional terrorism can be further divided into sub types such as political terrorism, Non Political
terrorism, and civil disorder. Terrorism on the basis of culture language or race can also be
considered under this type of terrorism.
 Political terrorism – Violent criminal behavior designed primarily to generate fear in the
community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes.
 Non-Political terrorism – Terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but which
exhibits "conscious design to create and maintain a high degree of fear
for coercive purposes, but the end is individual or collective gain rather than the
achievement of a political objective".
 Quasi-terrorism – The activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that
are similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which nevertheless lack its
essential ingredient. It is not the main purpose of the quasi-terrorists to induce terror in
the immediate victim as in the case of genuine terrorism, but the quasi-terrorist uses the
modalities and techniques of the genuine terrorist and produces similar consequences and
reaction. For example, the fleeing felon who takes hostages is a quasi-terrorist, whose
methods are similar to those of the genuine terrorist but whose purposes are quite
different.
 Limited political terrorism – Genuine political terrorism is characterized by
a revolutionary approach; limited political terrorism refers to "acts of terrorism which are
committed for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted
campaign to capture control of the state".
 Official or state terrorism – "referring to nations whose rule is based
upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions". It may also
be referred to as Structural Terrorism defined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by
governments in pursuit of political objectives, often as part of their foreign policy.
Religious terrorism:
Terrorist acts throughout history have been performed on religious grounds with the goal to
either spread or enforce a system of belief, viewpoint or opinion. The validity and scope of
religious terrorism is limited to an individual's view or a group's view or interpretation of that
belief system's teachings.

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According to the Global Terrorism
Index by the University of Maryland,
College Park, religious extremism has
overtaken national separatism and
become the main driver of terrorist
attacks around the world. Since 9/11 there
has been a five-fold increase in deaths
from terrorist attacks. The majority of
incidents over the past several years can
be tied to groups with a religious agenda.
Before 2000, it was nationalist separatist
terrorist organizations such as
the IRA and Chechen rebels who were
behind the most attacks. The number of incidents from nationalist separatist groups has
remained relatively stable in the years since while religious extremism has grown. The
prevalence of Islamist groups in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria and Syria is the main
driver behind these trends.
Four of the terrorist groups that have been most active since 2001 are Boko Haram, Al
Qaeda, the Taliban and ISIS. These groups have been most active in Iraq, Afghanistan,
Pakistan, Nigeria and Syria and Iraq. 80% of all deaths from terrorism occurred in one of
these five countries.
MOTIVATIONS OF TERRORISM:
As well as there being no one agreed definition of terrorism, there is a similar lack of
consensus regarding the causes - or motivations behind - terrorism. Numerous studies have
identified certain behavioral and situational characteristics that are common, and perhaps
causal, to the consequence of terrorism, specific analysis of case studies have lead to
suggested motivations to individual historical acts.
A report conducted by Paul Gill, John Horgan and Paige Deckert on behalf of The
Department of security of UK highlights the vast discrepancies between individual cases of
terrorism recorded. To begin with, 43% of lone wolf terrorism is motivated by religious
beliefs. The same report indicates that just less than a third (31.9%) has pre-existing mental
health disorders, while many more are found to have these problems upon arrest. At least
37% lived alone at the time of their event planning and/or execution, a further 26.1% lived
with others, and no data were available for the remaining cases. 40.2% were unemployed at
the time of their arrest or terrorist event. 19.3% subjectively experienced being disrespected
by others, while 14.3% experienced being the victim of verbal or physical assault.
 Intimidation
Attacks on 'collaborators' are used to intimidate people from cooperating with the state in
order to undermine state control. This strategy was used in Ireland, in Kenya, in Algeria and
in Cyprus during their independence struggles.

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 International Attention:
This strategy was used by Al-Qaeda in its attacks on the World Trade Center and the
Pentagon in the United States on September 11, 2001. These attacks are also used to draw
international attention to struggles that are otherwise unreported, such as the Palestinian
airplane hijackings in 1970 and the 1975 Dutch train hostage crisis.
 Local/internal social standing:
Abraham suggests that terrorist organizations do not select terrorism for its political
effectiveness. Individual terrorists tend to be motivated more by a desire for social solidarity
with other members of their organization than by political platforms or strategic objectives,
which are often murky and undefined.
 Cultural tolerance of violence:
Additionally, Michael Mousseau shows possible relationships between the type of economy
within a country and ideology associated with terrorism. Many terrorists have a history of
domestic violence.
 Perceived illegitimacy of the State:
Some terrorists like Timothy McVeigh were motivated by revenge against a state for its
actions against its citizens.
 Religious beliefs/zealotry:
According to Paul Gill, John Horgan and Paige Deckert on behalf of The Department of
security of UK, 43% of lone wolf terrorism is motivated by religious beliefs. The same report
indicates that Just less than a third (31.9%) have pre-existing mental health disorders, while
many are found to have these problems upon arrest. At least 37% lived alone at the time of
their event planning and/or execution, a further 26.1% lived with others, and no data were
available for the remaining cases. 40.2% were unemployed at the time of their arrest or
terrorist event. Many were chronically unemployed and consistently struggled to hold any
form of employment for a significant amount of time. 19.3% subjectively experienced being
disrespected by others, while 14.3% experienced being the victim of verbal or physical
assault.
 Mental Health:
Ariel Merari, a psychologist who has studied the psychological profiles of suicide terrorists
since 1983 through media reports that contained biographical details, interviews with the
suicides’ families and interviews with jailed would-be suicide attackers, concluded that they
were unlikely to be psychologically abnormal.
In comparison to economic theories of criminal behaviour, Scott Atran found that suicide
terrorists exhibit none of the socially dysfunctional attributes - such as fatherless, friendless,
jobless situations - or suicidal symptoms. By which he means, they do not kill themselves
simply out of hopelessness or a sense of 'having nothing to lose'.

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 Nationalism:
Although a common factor in terrorism is a strong religious belief there are other factors such
as cultural, social and political those wholly preclude religion. For example, the drive behind
these Chechen terrorists is quite distinct and unique from others. Many of the Chechens
considered themselves secular freedom fighters, nationalist insurgents seeking to establish an
independent secular state of Chechnya. Although a distinction should be made between
national Chechen terrorists and non-Chechen fighters who have adopted the idea from
abroad. Few Chechen fighters fought for the jihads whereas most of the non-Chechen fighters
did (Janeczko, 2014).
 Financial support for family:
Another factor is perceived assurances of financial stability for the actor's families that they
are given when they join a terrorist organization or complete an attempt of terror. An extra
grant is provided for the families of suicide bombers.
IMPACT OF TERRORISM :
 Politic impact:
It makes world politics more complicated and difficultSociety impact: create atmosphere of
suspicion, fear, and panic all around.
 Economic impact:
We can see that every terrorism event always killed the innocent people, destroyed public
properties, and individual properties. The large amount of money has been used to repair the
loss of infrastructures. The investigators are afraid to do the business because they worry
about safety. Government spending on security has also increased.
For example, September 11 Attacks
• Society impact:
Terrorism poses a serious law and order problem and leads to disintegration of society. The
incident of murder, torture, mutilation, kidnapping, arson and extortion create atmosphere of
suspicion, fear and panic all around. Life becomes uncertain. The terrorists kill unarmed
civilians including women and children.

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RECOMMENDATIONS TO CONTROL IT:
Terrorism can be seen as a virus in the world body. The U.S. and other nations are
attempting to solve the terrorist problem by trying to eliminate all of its manifestations
around the world. This is like trying to eliminate a virus by removing one cell at a time, while
damage to the host body (the world), increases with each violent removal, and more illnesses
(terrorists) are generated.
To those who can look more deeply, the only way to truly eliminate terrorism is to deal with
the systemic causes of it. Groups such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS are only effects, not causes. The
causes are desperate poverty, oppression, and a future without hope. Terrorist organizations
often provide a distorted sense of meaning and purpose for disempowered people.
The way the body successfully fights a virus is with helper T-cells that stop the virus from
multiplying. To deal effectively with terrorists, the U.S. together with other wealthy nations
needs to come into heartfelt dialogue with true representatives of those who are dispossessed
and impoverished. The approach that can stop terrorism from multiplying lies in developing a
long term plan, supported and financed by all nations of the world, that addresses the basic
needs of all people on the planet, and helps them in an equitable, fair way.
This will provide a new sense of hope, meaning and purpose for them, freeing them from the
despair that leads to fundamentalism and terrorism. With a new horizon of hope, people's
thoughts will naturally turn from death and destruction towards life and creation.
We stand at a crossroads in which we can choose to grow through tremendous pain or
profound joy. One choice is for insensitivity, resulting in passivity. The other choice is for
love, resulting in deliberate, consistent action. Which will you choose? Which will we choose
together?

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CONCLUSION:
A popular saying “United we stand, divided we fall”. Today Pakistan is in a grip of terrorism
and it is responsibility of all of us to get united and back up the security forces fighting the
war of survival for Pakistan. We must recognize the enemy within and out of our country.
The Glorious Qur’an says:
O ye who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians for friends. They are friends one to
another. And whoso among you takes them for friends is indeed one of them. Verily, Allah
guides not the unjust people. [Al-Qur’an 5:52]
The Glorious Qur’an says:
“And hold fast, all together, by the rope which Allah (stretches out for you), and be not
divided among yourselves;” [Al-Qur’an 3:103]
This is a time for individual accountability. Each of us has to evaluate him/herself.
Why such types of furious disable Government supervising us? Why Muslim name is left
with disgrace and terror. Why Muslim are afraid to speak truth and justice against brutal
power? Because we left our teaching. We’ve left our vision, the vision of life. We have
forgotten the promises our souls made with Allah. i.e.
When Allah asked souls “Am I not your Lord?” the souls answered “Yes, You are our Lord”.
When our personal goal gets priority again our spiritual goal, negative powers start
surrounding us. Stray us from our path. Our heart start beating for materialistic gods and our
lounge forgot to speak truth. We begin to bow before Money and divert to satisfy personal
appetite. This is how we Muslim became a sign of disgust.

Thank you!!!