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Dnu

1. HIKMAH
CAFÉ
Tablet & Pen: Section III and IV

2. 1930-1940 IRAN
➤Western oriented puppet state
➤Decreasing power of “buffoon”
clerics
➤Increasing Westernisation
“Colonised”, but not formally
➤Britain and US depose Reza Shah
➤This turmoil and conflict of identity
is reflected in the society & literature
➤Villages became “backward” and the
big cities became “traitors”.
➤“Persian is Sugar” demonstrates
Iran’s society beautifully
W.O.G. - Villager - Sheikh and the
common Tehrani (all jailed by state)

3. PERSIAN IS SUGAR
➤Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh
➤Iranian Society in characters:
The W.O.G - Wannabe French
The Villager - “Poor” Farsi
The Sheikh - Superfluous
The Tehrani - “Woke”
➤Demonstrates the segments of
society in characters, but also
the type of Farsi they speak:
➤Farsi vs French Farsi vs
Peasant Farsi vs Arabised Farsi

4. IRANIAN WOMEN
➤Parvin E’Tesami
➤“Hearts and eyes do need a veil, the
veil of chastity. A worn-out chador
is not the basis of faith in Islam.
➤”Imitation is the desert of women’s
perdition, the pitfall causing her
troubles.
➤The “awakening” of women in
Iranian society - inspired by
West?

6. RISE UP!
PAKISTAN
“Inqilab Zindibad”

7. PAKISTAN
➤Oppressive Empire
controlling“British Raj”
➤In 1919 British kill 1500
protestors in Amritsar
➤Indian Indpendence Movement
➤Indian gains Independence from
Britain along with Ghandi
➤All India Muslim League
➤Founding of the Muslim State of
(West and East)Pakistan
➤1948 - 1st Indo-Pakistani War
➤Displacement of 12 Million

8. “
The rule of the people is close at hand
Erase all trace of the ancient Raj!.
- Muhammad Iqbal

9. N. M. RASHED -
➤“At night I return to this same
house/ Knowing my helplessness, I
peer again/ Through this window /
At the minarets of our city’s
mosque/ When they kiss the red sky
a sad farewell.”
➤“For one black mole the towns of
Buqara and Samarqand! But where
now are Buqara and Samarqand?
Buqara and Samarqand are lost in
dreams/ Hidden in the veils of an
azure silence /Their doors closed to
travellers/ Like the eyelids of a
beautiful sleeping woman”

11. SA’ADAT HASAN MANTO
➤“To strive for freedom is fine. I can
even understand dying for it. But
to turn living people into mere
vegetables, without passion or
drive, is beyond me. To live in poor
housing, shun amenities, sing the
Lord’s praises, and shout patriotic
slogans– fine! But to stifle the very
desire for beauty in humanity! …
Students coming out of these
madrasas and ashrams look like
the udders of a cow from which
every drop of milk has been
squeezed.”

12. HIKMAH CAFÉ HOUSEKEEPING
➤The next section:
PART 2 - Section V:
169-272p. For the next 2
weeks
➤Moderator: Cihannur
➤Scribe: Rasha