Test on Aggregates - Material Testing.pdf

Test on Aggregates

1. TEST ON
AGGREGATES
John Ryce Benjie B. Suerte
BET-CET 4
CET163 Materials of Construction and Testing

2. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
OVERVIEW
Tests on
Aggregates:
Sieve
Analysis
Aggregate
Soundness
Item 703 -
Aggregates (1-5)

3. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
Aggregates play a vital role in the construction industry and are essential for
various projects. They serve as a fundamental component in concrete
production, offering numerous benefits. One of their primary functions is to
reinforce concrete, enhancing its structural integrity and minimizing the risk of
cracking.
Therefore, it is crucial to assess and evaluate the quality of aggregates before
using them in construction. Research on different types of aggregates
highlights their significant influence on concrete quality, which ultimately
affects the overall durability and strength of a structure.
AGGREGATES

4. SIEVE
ANALYSIS
John Ryce Benjie B. Suerte
BET-CET 4
CET163 Materials of Construction and Testing

5. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
This test covers the
determination of the particle
size distribution of fine and
coarse aggregates by sieving.
APPARATUS NEEDED:
Weighing Balance
Sieve Shaker
Sieves
SIEVE ANALYSIS

6. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
SIEVE ANALYSIS

7. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
PROCEDURES
Take 1kg of aggregate
sample.
Arrange the sieve in
descending order: No. 4,
8, 16, 30, 50, 100, 200.
Put the sample in the
sieve and sieve well using
the sieve shaker for 10
minutes.
After sieving, weigh the
aggregates retained in
each sieve and record it.
Fine Aggregates
01
Coarse Aggregates
02
Take 1kg of aggregate
sample.
Arrange the sieve in
descending order: 25, 20,
12.5, 10, 4.75 (mm).
Put the sample in the
sieve and sieve well using
the sieve shaker for 10
minutes.
After sieving, weigh the
aggregates retained in
each sieve and record it.

8. AGGREGATE
SOUNDNESS (ASTM
C88, NYSDOT)
John Ryce Benjie B. Suerte
BET-CET 4
CET163 Materials of Construction and Testing

9. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
SOUNDNESS
TEST (ASTM C88,
NYSDOT)
This test is used to
determine the resistance of
coarse and fine aggregates
to weathering action and to
judge the durability of the
aggregates.
It submerges an aggregate
sample in a sodium sulfate
or magnesium sulfate
solution.
Definition
Balance
Sieve
Oven
Wire Mesh Basket
Container
Sodium Sulfate or
Magnesium
Sulfate
Apparatus

10. APPARATUS

11. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
PROCEDURES
Prepare the sulfate solution. When
in use, the specific gravity of the
sodium sulfate solution should
range from 1.154 to 1.171, while the
magnesium sulfate solution should
range from 1.297 to 1.306.
Either sodium sulfate or
magnesium sulfate may be used;
however, the results obtained from
each solution will differ
significantly.
01 02
Prepare the fine aggregate by
collecting a sample sufficient
to provide at least 100 g of
material on each of the
following sieves: No. 50
(0.300 mm), No. 30 (0.600
mm), No. 16 (1.18 mm), No. 8
(2.36 mm), and No. 4 (4.75
mm).

12. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
Prepare the coarse aggregate.
Obtain enough material to yield at
least the weights listed in Table 1.
If the sample contains less than 5
percent of the above sizes then
that size will not be tested.
PROCEDURES
03

13. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
PROCEDURES
Place each sample in separate
containers for testing. The
aggregate may be wrapped in 3 to
5 layers of cheesecloth.
04 05
Submerge the samples in the
prepared sodium sulfate or
magnesium sulfate solution
for 16 to 18 hours. Cover the
containers to minimize
evaporation, prevent
contamination, and maintain
a temperature between
20.3°C and 21.9°C throughout
the immersion period.

14. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
PROCEDURES
Remove the samples and allow
them to drain for 15 minutes then
place into an oven set at 230 F
(110 C).
06 07
Allow the samples to dry until
the mass change is less than
0.1% over a 4-hour period.
Weigh the samples at 4-hour
intervals without allowing
them to cool.

15. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
PROCEDURES
Once the samples reach a
constant mass, allow them to cool
to a temperature between 68°F
and 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Cooling
can be facilitated using an air
conditioner or fan.
08 09
Repeat the immersion
process (steps 4 through 8)
until the required number of
cycles is completed, typically
five cycles.

16. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
PROCEDURES
After completing the final cycle
and allowing the sample to cool,
thoroughly wash it. To ensure
proper washing, collect a sample
of the rinse water after it has
passed through the samples and
add 0.2 M barium chloride. If the
water becomes cloudy, continue
washing until it remains clear.
10 11
After completing the washing
process, dry each fraction of
the sample in an oven at
230°F (110°C) until a constant
mass is achieved.

17. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
PROCEDURES
14. Examine the fine aggregate:
- Sieve the fine aggregate using
the same sieve on which it was
retained before the test, following
the same method used during
sample preparation.
- Measure and record the mass of
the material retained on each
sieve.
12 13
Examine the coarse
aggregate:
Refer to Table 2 to select
the appropriate sieve for
determining material loss.
Measure and record the
mass of the material
retained on the selected
sieve.

18. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
PROCEDURES

19. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
For each aggregate size reported, determine the mass loss (in percent)
using the following equation:
Where:
MB = mass before the test
MA = mass after the test
CALCULATIONS

20. ITEM 703 -
AGGREGATES (1-5)
John Ryce Benjie B. Suerte
BET-CET 4
CET163 Materials of Construction and Testing

21. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
703.1.1 Concrete
Fine Aggregate for concrete shall conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 6, with
no deleterious substances in excess of the following percentages:
Clay lumps - 3.0%
Coal and lignite - 1.0%
Material passing 0.075 mm sieve - 4.0%
Other substances – as shown in the Special Provisions
Lightweight aggregate, if required or permitted by the Special Provisions, shall meet
the pertinent requirements of AASHTO M 195.
ITEM 703
AGGREGATES
703.1 Fine Aggregate for Concrete and Incidentals

22. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
703.1.2 Granular backfill filter material for underdrains and filler for paved
waterways shall be permeable and shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 6,
except that soundness tests will not be required and minor variations in grading
and content of deleterious substances may be approved by the Engineer.
703.1.3 Aggregate for minor concrete structures shall be:
clean,
durable,
uniformly graded sand and gravel,
crushed slag or crushed stone,
100 percent of which will pass a 37.5 mm sieve
containing not more than 5 percent passing the 0.075 mm (No. 200) sieve.
ITEM 703
AGGREGATES
703.1 Fine Aggregate for Concrete and Incidentals

23. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
Shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 80.
Lightweight aggregate, if required or permitted by the Special Provisions, shall
conform to the requirements of AASHTO M 195, for the grading specified. clean,
The crushed and uncrushed granular material shall consist of hard durable stones and
rocks of accepted quality, free from an excess of flat, elongated, soft or disintegrated
pieces or other objectionable matter. The method used in obtaining the aggregate shall be
such that the finished product shall be as consistent as practical.
All materials passing the 4.75 mm (No. 4) mesh produced in the crushing operation of
either the stone or gravel shall be incorporated in the base material to the extent
permitted by the gradation requirements. The plasticity index shall not be less 4 nor more
than 10.
ITEM 703
AGGREGATES
703.2 Coarse Aggregate for Portland Cement Concrete
703.3 Aggregate for Portland Cement Treated and Stabilized Base Course

24. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
Aggregate shall consist of hard, durable particles or fragments of crushed stone,
crushed slag or crushed or natural gravel. Materials that break up when alternately
wetted and dried shall not be used.
Coarse aggregate is the material retained on the 2.00 mm (No. 10) sieve and shall
have a percentage of wear of not more than 50 for subbase and not more than 45
for Base and Surface Courses as determine by AASHTO Method T 96.
Fine aggregate is the material passing the 2.00 mm (No. 10) sieve and shall consist
of natural or crushed sand and fine mineral particles. The fraction passing the 0.075
mm (No. 200) sieve shall not be greater than 0.66 (two- thirds) of the fraction
passing the 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve. For base courses, the fraction passing the
0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a liquid limit not greater than 25 and a plasticity
index not greater than 6, while for subbase course, the liquid limit shall not be
greater than 35 plasticity index not greater than 12.
ITEM 703
AGGREGATES
703.4 Aggregate for Untreated Subbase, Base or Surface Courses

25. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
For surface courses, the fraction passing the 0.425 mm (No. 40) sieve shall have a
liquid limit not greater than 35 and a plasticity index not less than 4 or greater than
9.
All materials shall be free from vegetable matter and lumps or balls of clay.
When crushed aggregate is specified, not less than 50 mass percent of the
particles retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall have at least one fractured
face.
Gradation of each designated size of aggregate shall be obtained by crushing,
screening and blending processes as may be necessary.
Materials otherwise meeting the requirements of this Section will be acceptable
whenever such materials produce a compacted course meeting applicable density
requirements as specified in Subsections 200.3.3, 201.3.3, 202.3.3 and 203.3.6.
ITEM 703
AGGREGATES
703.4 Aggregate for Untreated Subbase, Base or Surface Courses

26. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
703.5.1 Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate retained on the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve shall be crushed stone,
crushed slag or crushed or natural gravel and unless otherwise stipulated, shall
conform to the quality requirements of AASHTO M 79 – 74.
When crushed gravel is used, it shall meet the pertinent requirements of Section 2.1
and 3.1 of AASHTO M 62 – 74 and not less than 50 mass percent of the particles
retained on the 4.75 mm (No. 4) sieve shall have at least one fractured face. The
coarse aggregate shall be of such gradation that when combined with other
required aggregate fractions in proper proportion, the resultant mixture will meet
the gradation required under the composition of mixture for the specific type under
contract. Only one kind shall be used on the project except by permission of the
Engineer.
ITEM 703
AGGREGATES
703.5 Aggregate for Bituminous Concrete

27. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
703.5.2 Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate passing the 2.36 mm (No. 8) sieve shall consist of natural sand,
stone, stone screenings or slag screenings or a combination thereof and unless
otherwise stipulated shall conform to the quality requirements of AASHTO M 29
(ASTM D 1073).
Fine aggregate shall be of such gradation that when combined with other required
aggregate fractions in proper proportion, the resultant mixture will meet the
gradation required under the composition of mixture for the specific type under
contract.
ITEM 703
AGGREGATES
703.5 Aggregate for Bituminous Concrete

28. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
703.5.3 Open-Graded Asphalt Concrete Friction Course
Relatively pure carbonate aggregates or any aggregates known to polish shall not be
used for the coarse aggregate fraction (material retained on the 2.36 mm (No. 8)
sieve.
The coarse aggregate fraction shall have at least 75 mass percent of weight of
particles with at least two fractured faces and 90 mass percent with one or more
fractured faces, except that lightweight aggregates need not meet this requirement.
The abrasion loss (AASHTO T 96) shall not exceed 40 mass percent.
ITEM 703
AGGREGATES
703.5 Aggregate for Bituminous Concrete

29. John Ryce Benjie Suerte | CET 163
703.5.4 Lightweight Aggregate (except slag)
If required or permitted by a Special Provisions, shall be manufactured by the rotary
kiln process.
The material shall consist of angular-fragments uniform in density and reasonably
free from flat, elongated or other deleterious substances.
The material shall show an abrasion loss of less than 45 mass percent when tested
in accordance with AASHTO T 96.
The dry mass per cubic metre shall not exceed 1080 kg (67 pcf).
After testing through five cycles of the magnesium sulfate soundness test, the loss
shall not exceed ten (10) mass percent.
ITEM 703
AGGREGATES
703.5 Aggregate for Bituminous Concrete

30. THANK
YOU
John Ryce Benjie B. Suerte
BET-CET 4
CET163 Materials of Construction and Testing