textile industrial estate and ) (8).pptx

Gabby

1. Textile Industries of Pakistan Removal of Dyes from Wastewater Presented to: Dr Ahmad Nouman Shah Presented by: Javeria Naz Bsf2101766

2. Textile industry encompasses the production of fibers, yarns, fabrics and textile products. Its involves processes such as spinning, weaving, knitting, dying and finishing to create a wide range of materials used in clothing, household goods and industrials products. What is textile industry?

3. Textile industries of Pakistan are the backbone of economy and play major role inexport and employment. Major top industries in Pakistan are: 1. Nishat mills limited 2. Gul Ahmed textile mills 3. Lucky textile mills 4. Al- Karam textile mills 5. Interloop limited 6. Feroze 1888 mills 7. Kohinoor textile mills 8. Sapphire textile mills 9. Yunus textile mills Names of major textile industries in Pakistan

4. Dyes: Dyes are the substances that are used to color materials like fabrics, textiles, or even food. Dyes are classified into two main classes that explain below: 1. Natural Dyes: Natural dyes are derived from natural sources such as palnts, animals, and minerals. Examples: Dyes used in major textile industries in Pakistan

5. Indigo: Extracted from the leaves of the indigofera plant, it is used to dye denim blue. Madder: Obtained from the roots of the Rubia tinctorum plant, it produces a range of red hues. Cochineal: Sourced from the cochineal insect, it is used to producevibrant red and pink shades. Logwood: Extracted from the heartwoodof the Haematoxylum cam.. tree. it produces dark purples and blacks. Continue ....

6. Continue... 2. Synthetic Dyes: Synthetic dyes are chemically synthesized and often offer a wider range of colors and better consistency. Examples: Azo Dyes: This group includes many vibrant colors, such as Orange II, which is used in textile and food coloring. Anthraquinone Dyes: Used in textiles and plastics, examples include Alizarin, which provides red hues. Acid Dyes: These are used primilary for dyeing wool, silk, and nylon.e.g Acid black 1.

7. Direct Dyes: Suitable foe cotton and other cellulose fibers, an example is Direct Blue 1. Reactive Dyes: These form a covalent bond with the fibir, making them very wash-fast. An example is Reactive RED 120. Continue...

8. 1. Cost Factor: Synthetic dyes are generally cheaper due to lower raw material costs, efficient production processes, and economies of scale. Natural dyes are typically more expensive due to higher raw material costs, labor-intensive production processes, and variabilityin supply and quality. 2. Quality Factor: Synthetic dyes are highly consistency, wide color range, excellent light and washfastness, and suitable for mass production. Factors on the basis of which we choose dyes:

9. Natural dyes are unique, rich color cultural significance, and desirable subtle variations. 3. Toxicity Factor: Synthetic dyes offer perfomance advantages but come with significant toxicity and environmental concerns. Natural dyes are non-toxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and safer for human health but have limited color range, and variability in performance. Continue...

10. Synthetic dyes most commonly used in textile industries of Pakistan due to low costs, long durability, and wide range of colors.Azo, Anthraquinone, Remozal and Phthalocynine are most commonly used. Natural dyes also used as they are eco friendly but in limited amount due to short durability, higher costs, and limited color range. Main Points:

11. Wastewater treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater to produce an effluent that can be returned to the water cycle with minimum environmental issues or reused for various purposes. Wastewater treatment:

12. Treatment for wastewater:

13. Methods for wastewater treatment:

14. Removing dyes is a crucial process in many industries, especiallytextiles, to prevent environmental contamination. common techniques for dyes removal include: Adsorption Coagulation and Flocculation Membrane Filtration Biological Treatment Chemical Oxidation Photocatalysis Ion Exchange Common techniques for removing dyes from wastewater:

15. Adsorption techniques are methods used to remove dyes from wastewater by making the dyes molecules stick to the surface of a solid material, such as activated carbon or certain clays. This help clean the water by trapping the dye particles, which can then be separated from wastewater. Adsorption:

16. First of all collect banana waste materials, such as banana peels.Then wash the banana waste with water to remove impurities then dry it. After drying grind the waste into fine particles to increase surface area . Enhance the adsorption capacity by activating the banana waste. This can be done by: Heating the waste in inert atmosphere at high temperetures. Treating the banana waste with chemicals. Take wastewater that contain dyes and add suitable amount of adsorbent into the solution.Now stir the mixture and then remain it for some time.After some time separate the banana waste by using filteration. Adsorption process in which adsorbent is banana waste:

17. Measure the remaining dyes in fi the filtered solution using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Now calculate the adsorption capacity of banana waste using initial and final dyes concenteration. Continue...

18. The adsorption process is commonly used in Pakistan for dyes removal from wastewater for several reasons: Cost effectiveness Abundance of raw materials Silplicity and easeof implementation Environmental benefits Effectiveness for dyes removal Scalability Advantages:

19. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S026974912100577 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=adsorption+process+in+wastewater+treatment&oq=adsorption+process+ https://iwaponline.com/wst/article-abstract/24/1/97/24032/Textile-Industry-Wastewaters-Treatment https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19393210.2022.2100489 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&q=dyes+most+commonly+used+in+pakistan https://scholar.google.com.pk/scholar?q=treatment+of+waste+water&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart References: