The age of revolutions: 1830-1848

CBSE X - ch1 (unit 3)

1. Section I: Events and Processes The rise of Nationalism in Europe Nationalism in India Introduction The French Revolution and the idea of the nation The making of nationalism in Europe The age of revolutions: 1830-1848 The making of Germany and Italy Visualising the nation Nationalism and imperialism The F irst World War, Khilafat and Non-Cooperation Differing strands within the movement Towards Civil D isobedience The sense of Collective Belonging Units: Units:

2. Unit 3 : The Age of Revolutions 1830-1848 Class X History Chapter 1

3. What is revolution? Revolution is the class struggle which is expected to lead to political change and the triumph of communism. Page No. 13

4. The Age of Revolutions 1830-1848 Why revolution happened?

5. Liberalism Nationalism Two ideas: The Age of Revolutions 1830-1848 Why revolution happened?

6. Liberalism Nationalism Two ideas: The Age of Revolutions 1830-1848 Patriotism Care for culture and tradition etc. Why revolution happened?

7. Liberalism Nationalism Two ideas: The Age of Revolutions 1830-1848 Liberty Equality End of autocracy etc. Patriotism Care for culture and tradition etc. Why revolution happened?

8. Why revolution happened? Liberalism Nationalism Two ideas: Spreading in different parts of Europe Italian German states Ireland Poland The Age of Revolutions 1830-1848 This revolution was spread by Educated middle class Liberty Equality End of autocracy etc. Patriotism Care for culture and tradition etc.

9. 1830 July Revolution Bourbon Kings were overthrown Constitutional monarchy was set up Louis Philippe as its head In 1789 during French Revolution Bourbon Kingdom was overthrown. In 1815 when Napoleon died and ‘Treaty of Vienna’, again Bourbon King rules were restored. In 1830 revolutions started and people were angry, so Bourbon Kings were again over thrown. History revision Recap from last unit

10. 1830 July Revolution Bourbon Kings were overthrown Constitutional monarchy was set up Louis Philippe as its head History revision France was ruled by Kings (i.e., monarchy rule) but the ruler can’t make rules nor can decide on his own. He has to follow the rules set in Constitution. Recap from last unit

11. 1830 July Revolution Bourbon Kings were overthrown Constitutional monarchy was set up Louis Philippe as its head History revision Liberal revolutionaries made Louis Philippe as the Constitutional monarchy head. Recap from last unit

12. 1830 July Revolution Bourbon Kings were overthrown Constitutional monarchy was set up Louis Philippe as its head Revolution started in Brussels Under United Kingdom of The Netherlands Resulted in Belgium breaking away Capital of Belgium EUROPE Revolution started in Brussels and spread all over. They were under UK. They claimed for independence. Finally they achieved freedom. Recap from last unit

13. 1830 July Revolution Bourbon Kings were overthrown Constitutional monarchy was set up Louis Philippe as its head Revolution started in Brussels Under United Kingdom of The Netherlands Resulted in Belgium breaking away Recap from last unit

14. 1830 July Revolution Greek Revolution Bourbon Kings were overthrown Constitutional monarchy was set up Louis Philippe as its head Revolution started in Brussels Under United Kingdom of The Netherlands Resulted in Belgium breaking away Greece was under Ottomon Empire since 15 th century Nationalist feelings among educated elite lead to revolution and voice for freedom started in 1821. They got help from ‘Western European Countries’. Poets and artists. In 1832 ‘Treaty of Constantinople’ was signed and Greece got independence. Recap from last unit

15. 1830 July Revolution Greek Revolution Bourbon Kings were overthrown Constitutional monarchy was set up Louis Philippe as its head Revolution started in Brussels Under United Kingdom of The Netherlands Resulted in Belgium breaking away Ottomon Empire Western European Countries Poets and artists 1821 Treaty of Constantinople 1832 Recap from last unit

16. We are going to study 3 topics : 3.1 The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling 3.2 Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt 3.3 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals

17. 3.1 The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling Page No. 14

18. From where did ‘National Feeling’ arose? Wars and territorial expansion. And most importantly from CULTURE .

19. From where did ‘National Feeling’ arose? Wars and territorial expansion. And most importantly from CULTURE . These helped express and shape nationalist feelings . Art Poetry Stories Music

20. What is Romanticism? A cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. Page No. 14

21. What is Romanticism? A cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets had their different perspective . Among them was: A German Philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) German Culture was discovered among: Common people ( das volk ) Through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances. He claimed that Page No. 14

22. Page No. 15 End of 18 th century Great Powers: Russia Prussia Austria POLAND Partitioned Polish Language

23. Page No. 15 End of 18 th century Great Powers: Russia Prussia Austria POLAND Partitioned No longer independent territory National feelings kept alive. Ex : Karol Kurpinski Polish Language

24. Page No. 15 End of 18 th century Great Powers: Russia Prussia Austria POLAND Partitioned No longer independent territory National feelings kept alive. Ex : Karol Kurpinski Polish Language Russian rule over Poland Polish language removed. Russian language was implemented everywhere.

25. Page No. 15 End of 18 th century Great Powers: Russia Prussia Austria POLAND Partitioned No longer independent territory National feelings kept alive. Ex : Karol Kurpinski Polish Language Russian rule over Poland Polish language removed. Russian language was implemented everywhere. In 1831, an armed rebellion against Russian rule took place. Result of revolt Use of Polish - Symbol of struggle

26. 3.2 Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt 1830 Great economic hardship in Europe

27. 3.2 Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt 1830 Great economic hardship in Europe Increase in population.

28. 3.2 Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt 1830 Great economic hardship in Europe Increase in population. People migrating to cities in search of job.

29. 3.2 Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt 1830 Great economic hardship in Europe Increase in population. People migrating to cities in search of job. Goods came from England as they were machine made. Small producers have to bear loss as competition increased .

30. 1848 Food shortage and widespread unemployment brought population of Paris on roads. Louis Philippe who was made the Constitutional monarchy head was forced to flee . Now changes were made to improve the situation.

31. Page No. 16 Changes were made by national assembly Right to vote – Adult males above 21. Right to work – National workshops to provide employment were setup.

32. Page No. 16 Changes were made by national assembly Right to vote – Adult males above 21. Right to work – National workshops to provide employment were setup. Earlier , in 1845 Weavers in Silesia started revolting against contractors. WHY?

33. Page No. 16 Changes were made by national assembly Right to vote – Adult males above 21. Right to work – National workshops to provide employment were setup. Earlier , in 1845 Weavers in Silesia started revolting against contractors. WHY? Because payments were drastically reduced

34. Page No. 16 Changes were made by national assembly Right to vote – Adult males above 21. Right to work – National workshops to provide employment were setup. Earlier , in 1845 Something had happened

35. Page No. 16 Changes were made by national assembly Right to vote – Adult males above 21. Right to work – National workshops to provide employment were setup. Earlier , in 1845 Something had happened What?

36. Page No. 16 Changes were made by national assembly Right to vote – Adult males above 21. Right to work – National workshops to provide employment were setup. Earlier , in 1845 Something had happened Hmm

37. Page No. 16 Changes were made by national assembly Right to vote – Adult males above 21. Right to work – National workshops to provide employment were setup. Earlier , in 1845 Something had happened

38. Page No. 16 Changes were made by national assembly Right to vote – Adult males above 21. Right to work – National workshops to provide employment were setup. Earlier , in 1845 Something had happened

39. Page No. 16 Changes were made by national assembly Right to vote – Adult males above 21. Right to work – National workshops to provide employment were setup. Earlier , in 1845 Something had happened

40. Page No. 16 Changes were made by national assembly Earlier , in 1845 Something had happened

41. Page No. 16 Earlier , in 1845 Weavers in Silesia started revolting against contractors. On 4 th June at 2 p.m. Protests started

42. Page No. 16 Earlier , in 1845 Weavers in Silesia started revolting against contractors. On 4 th June at 2 p.m. Protests started They were treated in a disrespectful way and treats were provided.

43. Page No. 16 Earlier , in 1845 Weavers in Silesia started revolting against contractors. On 4 th June at 2 p.m. Protests started They were treated in a disrespectful way and treats were provided. Result: The contractor fled with his family to neighboring village. They refused to provide shelter. After 24 hours he returned with an army and ??

44. Page No. 16 Earlier , in 1845 Weavers in Silesia started revolting against contractors. On 4 th June at 2 p.m. Protests started They were treated in a disrespectful way and treats were provided. Result: The contractor fled with his family to neighboring village. They refused to provide shelter. After 24 hours he returned with an army and 11 weavers were shot.

45. 3.3 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals Revolution by middle class was underway. Page No. 17 AIM?

46. 3.3 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals Revolution by middle class was underway. They wanted a nation state on parliamentary principles: A constitution Page No. 17

47. 3.3 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals Revolution by middle class was underway. They wanted a nation state on parliamentary principles: A constitution Freedom of press Page No. 17

48. 3.3 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals Revolution by middle class was underway. They wanted a nation state on parliamentary principles: A constitution Freedom of press Freedom of association Page No. 17

49. German National Assembly ‘ All German National Party ’ .

50. German National Assembly In German regions political associations were middle class professionals. Ex : Professionals, Businessmen, artisans and many more. Decided to vote in Frankfurt for ‘ All German National Party ’ . 831 members got elected. Constitution was drafted and it was decided that it should be headed by a monarchy under parliamentary terms . 18 May 1848 Church of St. Paul

51. All German National Party ( Elected Party ) Monarchs ( Opposition ) A sovereign head of state, especially a king, queen, or emperor Aristocracy and Military became stronger. A form of government in which power is held by the nobilities. The social basis of Parliament eroded. Friedrich Wilhelm IV Workers and Artisans

52. German National Assembly In German regions political association were middle class professionals. Ex : Professionals, Businessmen, artisans and many more. Decided to vote in Frankfurt for ‘ All German National Party ’ . 18 May 1848 831 members got elected. Constitution was drafted and it was decided that it should be headed by a monarchy under parliamentary terms. PROBLEMS King of Russia , Friedrich Wilhelm IV rejected the offer to head the constitution. Aristocracy and military started opposition . The social basis of parliament eroded. Parliament got dominant by the middle class. Demands of workers and artisans not fulfilled .

53. German National Assembly In German regions political association were middle class professionals. Ex : Professionals, Businessmen, artisans and many more. Decided to vote in Frankfurt for ‘ All German National Party ’ . 18 May 1848 831 members got elected. Constitution was drafted and it was decided that it should be headed by a monarchy under parliamentary terms. PROBLEMS King of Russia, Friedrich Wilhelm IV rejected the offer to head the constitution. Aristocracy and military started opposition. The social basis of parliament eroded. Parliament got dominant by the middle class. Demands of workers and artisans not fulfilled. RESULT Troops were called in and assembly was forced to disband.

54. Changes were made Serfdom and bonded labour was abolished. Granted autonomy to Hungarians in 1867. A utonomy  is self-government; freedom to act or function independently. Habsburg Dominions And Russia

55. 3.3 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals Women contribution and Political consideration C ontribution : During liberal movements women participated actively over the years. Formed their own political associations. Founded newspapers. Took part in political meetings and demonstrations.

56. 3.3 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals Women contribution and Political consideration C ontribution : During liberal movements women participated actively over the years. Formed their own political associations. Founded newspapers. Took part in political meetings and demonstrations. Political consideration: Denied suffrage rights.

57. 3.3 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals Women contribution and Political consideration C ontribution : During liberal movements women participated actively over the years. Formed their own political associations. Founded newspapers. Took part in political meetings and demonstrations. Political consideration: Denied suffrage rights. Right to vote

58. 3.3 1848: The Revolution of the Liberals Women contribution and Political consideration C ontribution : During liberal movements women participated actively over the years. Formed their own political associations. Founded newspapers. Took part in political meetings and demonstrations. Political consideration: Denied suffrage rights. In Frankfurt Parliament they were admitted only as observers. Right to vote

59. Important questions What is Revolution? Write a note on ‘Treaty of Vienna’. Explain ‘The Treaty of Constantinople of 1832’. What was the role of Philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder in Romanticism? Discuss on 1830 Great economic hardship in Europe. Describe the cause of the Silesian weaver’s uprising in 1845. List women contributions in The Revolution of the Liberals. Explain the following terms: Autonomy Aristocracy Suffrage

60. Study on the following people who played a prominent role in The Age of Revolutions (1830-1848) Metternich Lord Byron Johann Gottfried Herder Louis Philippe Friedrich Wilhelm IV