the ankle and foot anatomy presentation for education

.

1. The Ankle and Foot

2. Bones of the Talocrural Joint
Made up of 4 large
bones: tibia, fibula,
talus, and calcaneus.
Shape and articulation
of bones aid the soft
tissue in giving the
ankle its stability.

3. Tarsal Bones
7 bones
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
1
st
, 2
nd
, 3
rd
Cuneiforms

4. Bones of the Forefoot and Toes
Metatarsals (1-5) Great
Toe to “pinky” toe make
up the dorsum of the foot.
Phalanges- make up the
toes.
Great toe= distal phalange
and proximal phalange.
Toes 2-5= distal, middle,
and proximal phalanges.

5. Ankle Movements
Dorsiflexion- bring foot upward.
Plantarflexion- bring foot downward.
Inversion- move foot inward.
Eversion- move foot outward.

6. Dorsiflexion
Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Hallucis
Longus
Extensor Digitorum
Longus

7. Plantarflexion
Gastrocnemius
(originates above the
knee)
Soleus
Plantaris
Achilles Tendon-
attaches calf muscles
(gastroc. & soleus) to
the calcaneus.

8. Inversion
Posterior Tibialis
Muscle
Flexor Hallucis Longus

9. Eversion
Peroneus Longus
Peroneus Brevis

10. Lateral Ankle Ligaments
Anterior talofibular l.-
most commonly
injured ankle ligament.
Calcaneofibular lig.
Posterior talofibular
lig.
Anterior tibiofibular
ligament

11. Medial Ankle Ligaments
Deltoid Ligament
1.Tibionavicular
ligament
2.Tibiotalar ligament
3.Tibiocalcaneal
ligament

12. Ankle Sprain- Grade 1
Mechanism of injury=
inversion of the ankle.
Mild disability for 1
week.
Ligaments are
stretched out
(physiological limits)
but no tearing takes
place.

13. Ankle Sprain- Grade 2
Intermediate disability
2-4 weeks.
May need crutches
initially for the first 2-4
days.
Slight tearing of
ligaments occur.

14. Ankle Sprain- Grade 3
Severe disability.
Non-weight bearing for
3-4 days. Crutches
Followed by protected
weight bearing in a
walking boot or cast
for 3-6 weeks.
May require surgery to
repair laxity.

15. Anterior Compartment Syndrome
Could be a medical
emergency if blood
flow to the area is
interrupted.
Acute- direct trauma to the
area. Resulting in
swelling, pain, and
decreased ankle
dorsiflexion.
Chronic- hypertrophy of
the Anterior Tibialis
muscle from excessive use
of this muscle.

16. Shin Splints
Localized inflammation of
the tibialis posterior or
tibialis anterior muscles.
Overuse injury occuring
most commonly to distance
runners.
May arise from changes in
surfaces.

17. Tendonitis
Commonly occurs in the
Achilles tendon and
peroneal tendon.
An overuse injury which
may occur at the beginning
of a season when increased
loads are placed on the
tendon.
May occur late in the
season due to continued
strain placed on the tendon.

18. Achilles Tendon Rupture
Mechanism of injury-
forceful plantarflexion
of the ankle.
Commonly occurs to
individuals >30 years
old.
Complete tears require
surgery and 9-12
months of
rehabilitation.

19. Jones Fracture
Mechanism of injury is
commonly ankle inversion.
Peroneal tendons attach to
the base of the 5
th

metatarsal and fracture the
bone attempting to keep
the foot from rolling
inward.
May be an avulsion
fracture. Tendon tears a
piece of bone away.

20. Ankle Dislocation
Tibiotalar dislocations
are accompanied by
fibular fractures.

21. Tibia and Fibula Fractures
Trauma
Complete Fracture
Internal Fixation