The basics of sentences session 5pptx.pptx

Pie

1. The basics of sentences Thinking about how words and sentences are joined A dverbials; conjunctions; relative clauses + relative pronouns.

2. Drop in relative clauses to add extra information The main relative pronouns are: which, that, whose, who, and whom . Who = people Which - things   The old man , who was starving, picked up the banana.   The bus , which was bright red, could easily be seen.   ‘That’ is used when the clause is essential to the meaning: Turn the key that is red to the left.  

3. Conjunctions – link words and groups of words Co-ordinating conjunctions – and but or so These join sentences of equal weight and help writing flow: I like tea and I like coffee.   Subordinating conjunctions introduce a subordinate clause – after although as as soon as because before even though if since unless until when while   When it grew dark, they lit the fire. They lit the fire when it grew dark.  

4. Adverbials Adverbials are words, phrases or subordinate clauses. Often, they can move around in sentences . They add extra information, telling the reader:   where, when, how, how much, how often, how long, why, what. Slowly, Kabir ate his lunch. Late last night, Kabir ate a melon. After eating the melon, Kabir slept. Adverbials at the front of a sentence are called ‘fronted’ adverbials.

5. Adverbials Use adverbials to add extra information. They help you vary sentence openings. Where – By the lake , an ogre waited. When – In the morning, Harry woke up. Feeling what – Excited by the idea, Bilbo laughed. Doing what – Creeping slowly, Jo left the chamber. How – Eagerly, she bit the donut.

6. Adverbials Some adverbials make a link from one sentence to the next: Furthermore Moreover Additionally Also First On the other hand By contrast In other words As a result The Romans ate dormice. Furthermore, they ate lots of garlic. The blue whale is the largest mammal in the world. By contrast, the bumblebee bat is the smallest, weighing only 2 grams.