The computers fundamental and application

This is a slide containing fundamentals of computer

1. COMPUTER
FUNDAMENTALS &
APPLICATION
CHAPTER 1
NIXON DANGOL

2. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
APPLICATION OF COMPUTER
CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER
MOBILE COMPUTING
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
ANATOMY OF DIGITAL COMPUTER
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
MEMORY & ITS CLASSIFICATION
INPUT/OUPUT DEVICES
INTERFACES

3. INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS
CACS101
1.1

4. A DEVICE THAT CAN CALCULATE1

5. A DEVICE THAT CAN CALCULATE1
NOt a machine in Sight?

6. ‘HUMAN COMPUTERS’ HAVE BEEN AROUND AS LONG AS THE CONCEPTS
OF NUMBERS, MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATIONS
1
Human Computers

7. ‘HUMAN COMPUTERS’ HAVE BEEN AROUND AS LONG AS THE CONCEPTS
OF NUMBERS, MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATIONS
1
2
THE FIRST RECORDED USE OF THE WORD COMPUTER WAS IN 1613 BY
RICHARD BRAITHWAITE.
HTTPS://WWW.COMPUTINGHISTORY.ORG.UK/DET/5829/RICHARD-BRAITHWAITE-FIRST-USES-THE-
WORD-COMPUTER/

9. ALL THESE DEVICES ASSIST A HUMAN TO ‘COMPUTE’ - THEY DO NOT
REPLACE THE HUMAN. AS SUCH, THEY ARE NOT TRUE ‘COMPUTERS’ IN
THE SENSE THAT WE USE THE PHRASE NOW.
3

10. IF WE RULE OUT ‘CALCULATING MACHINES’, THE FIRST TRUE
COMPUTERS APPEARED DURING WORLD WAR 2
1
True Computers

11. IF WE RULE OUT ‘CALCULATING MACHINES’, THE FIRST TRUE
COMPUTERS APPEARED DURING WORLD WAR 2
1
2
DRIVEN BY URGENT NEED FOR MILITARY CALCULATIONS AND
DECODING SECRET MESSAGES. (COLOSSUS & ENIAC)
HTTPS://WWW.TNMOC.ORG/COLOSSUS
HTTPS://WWW.BRITANNICA.COM/TECHNOLOGY/ENIAC
True Computers

12. EVEN THEN, THEY WERE NOT ‘STORED PROGRAM’ COMPUTERS –
THEY FED DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS IN BY PUNCHED CARD OR TAPE
3
True Computers

13. EVEN THEN, THEY WERE NOT ‘STORED PROGRAM’ COMPUTERS –
THEY FED DATA AND INSTRUCTIONS IN BY PUNCHED CARD OR TAPE
3
4
WORLD’S FIRST ‘STORED PROGRAM’ COMPUTER WAS THE
‘MANCHESTER BABY’ IN 1948
True Computers

14. WORLD’S FIRST ‘STORED PROGRAM’ COMPUTER WAS THE
‘MANCHESTER BABY’ IN 1948
4
True Computers

15. SINCE THE LATE 1940S UP TO 1970’S COMPUTERS GRADUALLY GOT
MORE POWERFUL, HAD MORE MEMORY AND STORAGE AND WERE
MORE COMMON
1
Computers go Mainstream

16. SINCE THE LATE 1940S UP TO 1970’S COMPUTERS GRADUALLY GOT
MORE POWERFUL, HAD MORE MEMORY AND STORAGE AND WERE
MORE COMMON
1
2
STARTED OUT FOR SECRET INTELLIGENCE AND MILITARY WORK,
THEN USED BY LARGE CORPORATIONS AND UNIVERSITIES, THEN
FINALLY SMALLER ORGANIZATIONS
Computers go Mainstream

17. SINCE THE LATE 1940S UP TO 1970’S COMPUTERS GRADUALLY GOT
MORE POWERFUL, HAD MORE MEMORY AND STORAGE AND WERE
MORE COMMON
1
2
STARTED OUT FOR SECRET INTELLIGENCE AND MILITARY WORK,
THEN USED BY LARGE CORPORATIONS AND UNIVERSITIES, THEN
FINALLY SMALLER ORGANIZATIONS
Computers go Mainstream
Still not meant for private or home use – yet!

18. START OF THE ‘PERSONAL COMPUTING’ REVOLUTION1
Computers become Personal

19. START OF THE ‘PERSONAL COMPUTING’ REVOLUTION1
2
DURING 1970S, MANY HUGE DEVELOPMENTS IN MINIATURIZING
COMPONENTS & GETTING COSTS DOWN.
Computers become Personal
https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/pc25/pc25_birth.html

20. FROM THE MID-1980S ONWARDS, THE ‘DESKTOP’ PC STARTS TO
APPEAR EVERYWHERE – IBM OR IBM CLONE
1
Computers become Ubiquitous

21. FROM THE MID-1980S ONWARDS, THE ‘DESKTOP’ PC STARTS TO
APPEAR EVERYWHERE – IBM OR IBM CLONE
1
2 USED PROFESSIONALLY IN THE OFFICE FOR WORD PROCESSING,
SPREADSHEETS, DATABASES & EMAIL
Computers become Ubiquitous

22. FROM THE MID-1980S ONWARDS, THE ‘DESKTOP’ PC STARTS TO
APPEAR EVERYWHERE – IBM OR IBM CLONE
1
2 USED PROFESSIONALLY IN THE OFFICE FOR WORD PROCESSING,
SPREADSHEETS, DATABASES & EMAIL
Computers become Ubiquitous
3
USED AT HOME FOR PLAYING GAMES, BUDGETS ETC

23. FROM THE MID-1980S ONWARDS, THE ‘DESKTOP’ PC STARTS TO
APPEAR EVERYWHERE – IBM OR IBM CLONE
1
2 USED PROFESSIONALLY IN THE OFFICE FOR WORD PROCESSING,
SPREADSHEETS, DATABASES & EMAIL
Computers become Ubiquitous
3
USED AT HOME FOR PLAYING GAMES, BUDGETS ETC
4 BY THE 1990S, THE ‘LAPTOP’ COMPUTER ARRIVES – OFFERING
PORTABILITY AND DECREASED SIZE & WEIGHT BUT AT A
SUBSTANTIAL PRICE-HIKE OVER THE DESKTOP

24. ONCE THE COMPUTER WAS FREED FROM THE DESKTOP, MOBILITY
WAS FURTHER ENHANCED BY THE ‘NETBOOK’ AND ‘PDA’
1
Computers become Flexiblel

25. ONCE THE COMPUTER WAS FREED FROM THE DESKTOP, MOBILITY
WAS FURTHER ENHANCED BY THE ‘NETBOOK’ AND ‘PDA’
1
2 THIS TREND CONTINUES TODAY WITH ‘SMART’ PHONES AND TABLETS
WHICH OFFER HIGH-PERFORMANCE, LOW COST COMPUTING AND
COMMUNICATIONS ON-THE-GO
Computers become Flexiblel

26. ONCE THE COMPUTER WAS FREED FROM THE DESKTOP, MOBILITY
WAS FURTHER ENHANCED BY THE ‘NETBOOK’ AND ‘PDA’
1
2 THIS TREND CONTINUES TODAY WITH ‘SMART’ PHONES AND TABLETS
WHICH OFFER HIGH-PERFORMANCE, LOW COST COMPUTING AND
COMMUNICATIONS ON-THE-GO
Computers become Flexiblel
3 COMPUTING ALSO MAKES HUGE IN-ROADS ON THE GAMING SCENE
WITH SPECIALIZED GAMES CONSOLES

27. A DEVICE THAT CAN CALCULATE1

29. A DEVICE THAT CAN CALCULATE1

30. A DEVICE THAT CAN CALCULATE1
2 MODERN COMPUTERS CAN DO A LOT
MORE THAN CALCULATE

31. A DEVICE THAT CAN CALCULATE1
2 MODERN COMPUTERS CAN DO A LOT
MORE THAN CALCULATE
3 ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT RECEIVES
INPUT, STORES OR PROCESSES THE
INPUT AS PER USER INSTRUCTIONS AND
PROVIDES OUTPUT IN DESIRED FORMAT

32. ALL THE INPUTS IN THE COMPUTER IS DATA4

33. ALL THE INPUTS IN THE COMPUTER IS DATA4
5 OUTPUT OBTAINED BY PROCESSING DATA BASED ON USERS
INSTRUCTION IS CALLED INFORMATION

34. ALL THE INPUTS IN THE COMPUTER IS DATA4
5 OUTPUT OBTAINED BY PROCESSING DATA BASED ON USERS
INSTRUCTION IS CALLED INFORMATION
6
DATA ARE RAW FACTS WHEREAS INFORMATION ARE THE
PROCESSED DATA

35. ALL THE INPUTS IN THE COMPUTER IS DATA4
5 OUTPUT OBTAINED BY PROCESSING DATA BASED ON USERS
INSTRUCTION IS CALLED INFORMATION
6
DATA ARE RAW FACTS WHEREAS INFORMATION ARE THE
PROCESSED DATA
DATA CAN BE PROCESSED USING
ARITHMETIC OPERATION
LOGICAL OPERATIONS
7

36. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER
CACS101
1.2

37. ACCURACY1

38. ACCURACY1
GIGO

39. ACCURACY1
GIGO

40. DILLIGENCE2

41. DILLIGENCE2

42. VERSATILITY3

43. VERSATILITY3

44. NON-INTELLIGENT (DUMB MACHINE)4

45. NON-INTELLIGENT (DUMB MACHINE)4

46. SPEED5

47. SPEED5

48. STORAGE6

49. STORAGE6

50. COMPUTER SYSTEM
Inputting - All the manipulation &
processing is performed in the input data
Storing- Saving the data
Processing - Perform Mathematical or
logical operations
Outputting - Producing result for the user
INTEGRATION OF INPUT, PROCESSING &
OUTPUT UNIT

51. APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS
CACS101
1.3

52. Online learning
Student Research
Simplify Record Keeping
Online Library
Coputer Based Training (CBT)
Content
Department
EDUCATION
NEIL
TRAN

53. Design
Shipping
Process Control
Content
Department
INDUSTRY
NEIL
TRAN

54. Storing Customer data
Faster & Efficient Transaction
Computer Based Identification
Robotic Automation
Electronic Banking Services
Content
Department
FINANCIAL COMPANY
NEIL
TRAN

55. Patient Records
Monitor Patients
Medical Research
Inventory
Telemedicine
Communication
Content
Department
HOSPITAL
NEIL
TRAN

56. Gaming
Work From home
Business
Entertainment
Communication
Content
Department
HOME
NEIL
TRAN

57. Data Processing
Database of Citizen
Paperless environment
Defense organization (missile
development, rocket launches,
satellites)
Content
Department
GOVERNMENT
NEIL
TRAN

58. e-Ticketing
Flight Planning
Boarding Passenger
Airport Security Force
Content
Department
AIRLINE CORPORATION
NEIL
TRAN

59. Data Collecetion & Analysis
Numerical Weather Prediction
(NWP)
Satellite Imagery & Remote
Sensing
Data Visualization
Content
Department
WEATHER FORECASTING
NEIL
TRAN

60. Data Collecetion & Analysis
Numerical Weather Prediction
(NWP)
Satellite Imagery & Remote
Sensing
Data Visualization
Content
Department
SIMULATION/MODELLING
NEIL
TRAN

61. Printing & Saving
Reference Management
Internet Access
Accessing the Catalog
Content
Department
LIBRARY
NEIL
TRAN

62. Data management
Communication
Matketing & Advertising
Office Productivity
Content
Department
BUSINESS
NEIL
TRAN

63. CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTER
CACS101
1.4

64. Communication
Department
Content
Department
ANALOG
COMPUTER
NEIL
TRAN

65. Content
Department
ANALOG
COMPUTER
DIGITAL
COMPUTER
NEIL
TRAN

66. ANALOG
COMPUTER
DIGITAL
COMPUTER
HYBRID
COMPUTER

67. Continous Data Processing

ANALOG COMPUTERS1

68. Continous Data Processing
Data that can be measured.

ANALOG COMPUTERS1

69. Continous Data Processing
Data that can be measured.
eg: Height or weight of a person,

ANALOG COMPUTERS1

70. Continous Data Processing
Data that can be measured.
eg: Height or weight of a person,
Temperature of classroom
ANALOG COMPUTERS1

71. Continous Data Processing
Data that can be measured.
eg: Height or weight of a person,
Temperature of classroom
Education required to succeed
ANALOG COMPUTERS1

72. Continous Data Processing
Physical Variables
ANALOG COMPUTERS1

73. Physical Variables
Parameters that represent
the physical quantity
attributes of physical objects
Eg: Heat, Voltage, Charge
Flow, Force Velocity
ANALOG COMPUTERS1

74. Continous Data Processing
Physical Variables
Parallel Processing
ANALOG COMPUTERS1

75. Continous Data Processing
Physical Variables
Parallel Processing
ANALOG COMPUTERS1

76. Parallel Processing
ANALOG COMPUTERS1

77. Parallel Processing
Computation in which many
processes or calculations are
carried out simultaneously
ANALOG COMPUTERS1

78. Parallel Processing
Computation in which many
processes or calculations are
carried out simultaneously
Large Problems can be divided
into smaller ones, which can
then solved in same time.
ANALOG COMPUTERS1

79. Discrete Processing
Data that can only take
certain values
Large Problems can be divided
into smaller ones, which can
then solved in same time.
DIGITAL COMPUTERS2

80. Discrete Processing
Data that can only take
certain values
eg. No. of Students in class

DIGITAL COMPUTERS2

81. Discrete Processing
Data that can only take
certain values
eg. No. of Students in class
Items in Stock
DIGITAL COMPUTERS2

82. Discrete Processing
Data that can only take
certain values
eg. No. of Students in class
Items in Stock
Pass out Students
DIGITAL COMPUTERS2

83. Works with Binary digits


DIGITAL COMPUTERS2

84. Works with Binary digits

(0's & 1's)

DIGITAL COMPUTERS2

85. General Purpose
Computer


DIGITAL COMPUTERS2

86. General Purpose
Computer
Computer system that can be
programmed to perform a
large number of tasks


DIGITAL COMPUTERS2